Measurement of the Bottom contribution to non-photonic electron production in p+pp+p collisions at s\sqrt{s} =200 GeV

The contribution of $B$ meson decays to non-photonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semi-leptonic decays of heavy flavor mesons, in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between non-photonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted $B$ decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of $p_{T} \geq 5$ GeV/$c$. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from $B$ and $D$ meson decays. The result indicates that $B$ meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high $p_{T}$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by PR

First Record Of Trophobiotic Interaction Between A Ponerine Ant And A Cicadelid Bug

The interactions of the ant Odontomachus bauri with nymphs of the sap-sucking bug Xedreota tuberculata (Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) were studied on Sipanea aff. (Rubiaceae) along a trail in an upland forest in the Ecological Reserve of Anavilhanas, AM, Brazil. Five complete interactions at day and at night (about 60 minutes) were analyzed. The care of cicadelid nymphs ranged between 12 and 961 seconds. © 2010 T. S. Souza and R. B. Francini.Holldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants, , Cambridge, UK The BelknapNovotny, V., Basset, Y., Auga, J., Boen, W., Dal, C., Drozd, P., Kasbal, M., Molem, K., Predation risk for herbivorous insects on tropical vegetation: A search for enemy-free space and time (1999) Australian Journal of Ecology, 24 (5), pp. 477-483Floren, A., Biun, A., Eduard Linsenmair, K., Arboreal ants as key predators in tropical lowland rainforest trees (2002) Oecologia, 131 (1), pp. 137-144. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0874-zBronstein, J.L., The contribution of ant-plant protection studies to our understanding of mutualism (1998) Biotropica, 30 (2), pp. 150-161Buckley, R.C., Interactions involving plants, homoptera, and ants (1987) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, pp. 111-135Davidson, D.W., McKey, D., The evolutionary ecology of symbiotic ant-plant relationships (1993) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2 (1), pp. 13-83Huxley, C.R., Cutler, D.F., (1991) Ant-Plant Interactions, , Oxford, UK Oxford University PressBentley, B.L., Extrafloral nectaries and protection by pugnacious bodygards (1977) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8, pp. 407-427Rico-Gray, V., Oliveira, P.S., (2007) The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions, , Chicago, Ill, USA University Chicago PressO'Dowd, D.J., Pearl bodies as ant food: An ecological role for some leaf emergences of tropical plants (mutualisms) (1982) Biotropica, 14 (1), pp. 40-49Carroll, C.R., Janzen, D.H., Ecology of foraging by ants (1973) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, pp. 231-257Gullan, P.J., Relationships with ants (1997) Soft Scale InsectsTheir Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, pp. 351-377. , Ben-Dov Y. Hodgson C. J. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier ScienceGullan, P.J., Kosztarab, M., Adaptations in scale insects (1997) Annual Review of Entomology, 42, pp. 23-50Delabie, J.H.C., Trophobiosis between formicidae and hemiptera (sternorrhyncha and auchenorrhyncha): An overview (2001) Neotropical Entomology, 30 (4), pp. 501-516Del-Claro, K., Oliveira, P.S., Ant-homoptera interactions in a neotropical savanna: The honeydew-producing treehopper, Guayaquila xiphias (Membracidae), and its associated ant fauna on Didymopanax vinosum (Araliaceae) (1999) Biotropica, 31 (1), pp. 135-144Del-Claro, K., Oliveira, P.S., Conditional outcomes in a neotropical treehopper-ant association: Temporal and species-specific variation in ant protection and homopteran fecundity (2000) Oecologia, 124 (2), pp. 156-165Blthgen, N., Verhaagh, M., Goita, W., Jaffé, K., Morawetz, W., Barthlott, W., How plants shape the ant community in the Amazonian rainforest canopy: The key role of extrafloral nectaries and homopteran honeydew (2000) Oecologia, 125 (2), pp. 229-240Delabie, J.H.C., Fernandez, F., Relaciones entre hormigas y homopteros (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha y Auchenorrhyncha) (2003) Introduccion A Las Hormigas de la Region Neotropical, pp. 181-197. , Fernandez F. Bogota, Colombia Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von HumboldtDavidson, D.W., Cook, S.C., Snelling, R.R., Liquid-feeding performances of ants (Formicidae): Ecological and evolutionary implications (2004) Oecologia, 139 (2), pp. 255-266. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1508-4Del-Claro, K., Multitrophic relationships, conditional mutualisms, and the study of interaction biodiversity in tropical savannas (2004) Neotropical Entomology, 33 (6), pp. 665-672Weber, N.A., The Neotropical coccid-tending ants of the genus Acropyga Roger (1944) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 37, pp. 89-122Way, M.J., Mutualism between ants and honeydew producing Homoptera (1963) Annual Review of Entomology, 8, pp. 307-344Wheeler, W.M., (1926) Ants. Their Structure, Development and Behavior, , New York, NY, USA Columbia University PressMittler, T.E., Studies on the feeding and nutrition of Tuberolachttus saligttus (Gmelin) 11. The nitrogen and sugar composition of ingested phloem and excreted honeydew (1958) Journal of Experimental Biology, 35, pp. 74-84Del-Claro, K., personal communicationBrown, W.L., Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, Tribe Ponerini, Subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal Characters, genus Odontomachu (1976) Studia Entomologica, 19 (14), pp. 67-171Longino, J.T., (2008) Ants of Costa Rica, , http://www.evergreen.eduKramer, J.P., A revision of the new world leafhoppers of the subfamily Ledrinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) (1966) Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 92 (3), pp. 469-502Dietrich, C.H., Keys to the families of Cicadomorpha and subfamilies and tribes of Cicadellidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) (2005) Florida Entomologist, 88 (4), pp. 502-517. , http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe88p502.pdf, DOI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[502:KTTFOC]2.0.CO;2Jones, J.R., Deitz, L.L., Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (2009) Zootaxa, (2186), pp. 1-120Basset, Y., Springate, N.D., Elroy, C., Folivorous insects in the rainforests of the guianas (2005) Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield, pp. 295-320. , Hammond D. S. CAB InternationalEvans, H.C., Leston, D., A Ponerine ant (Hym., Formicidae) associated with Homoptera on cocoa in Ghana (1971) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, pp. 357-362Myers, J.G., Observations on the biology of two remarkable cixiid plant-hoppers (Homoptera) from Cuba (1929) Psyche, 34 (4), pp. 283-292Weber, N.A., Two common ponerine ants of possible economic significance, Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier) and E. ruidum Roger (1946) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 48, pp. 1-16Dietrich, C.H., McKamey, S.H., Three new idiocerine leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Guyana with notes on ant-mutualism and subsociality (1990) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 92, pp. 214-223Passos, L., Oliveira, P.S., Interactions between ants, fruits and seeds in a restinga forest in south-eastern Brazil (2003) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 19 (3), pp. 261-270. , DOI 10.1017/S026646740300329

Indicadores de qualidade do solo em sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional no semi-árido Cearense.

A qualidade do solo pode mudar com o passar do tempo, em decorrência de eventos naturais ou ações antrópicas. A adoção de práticas de cultivo orgânico reduz o revolvimento do solo, favorecendo a recuperação de suas propriedades físicas e químicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar propriedades físicas,químicas e biológicas de solos cultivados com algodão em bases orgânicas e no sistema convencional, assim como identificar as que possam ser utilizadas como indicadores de qualidade do solo. Selecionaram-se seis áreas submetidas ao cultivo orgânico e três ao cultivo convencional para coleta de amostras de solo deformadas e indeformadas, nas camadas de 0–10, 10–20 e 20–30 cm. Técnicas de estatística univariada e multivariada foram utilizadas para análise dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que os indicadores físicos e químicos testados individualmente não foram sensíveis para diferenciar as áreas sob sistema de cultivo orgânico daquelas sob cultivo convencional. No entanto, a aplicação de técnicas de análise multivariada – no caso, componentes principais e a discriminante de Anderson – permitiu a distinção entre algumas áreas cultivadas sob cultivo orgânico comparativamente às convencionais, até mesmo as que estavam em transição.Dos indicadores biológicos, a fauna edáfica mostrou-se mais precisa na avaliação da qualidade do solo, distinguindo de forma satisfatória as áreas sob sistema de cultivo orgânico das que estavam sob sistema convencional

Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV

We report a measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A_LL and the differential cross section for inclusive Pi0 production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. The cross section was measured over a transverse momentum range of 1 < p_T < 17 GeV/c and found to be in good agreement with a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation. The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry was measured in the range of 3.7 < p_T < 11 GeV/c and excludes a maximal positive gluon polarization in the proton. The mean transverse momentum fraction of Pi0's in their parent jets was found to be around 0.7 for electromagnetically triggered events.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (RC

Levantamento Epidemiológico dos Usuários de Antidepressivos Tricíclicos em Quatro Drogarias na Cidade de Rubiataba – Go no Período de 2009 A 2011

A depressão é um processo patológico que acomete a população em geral, ela consiste em vários sintomas como: melancolia, sono, angústia, desejo suicídio, medo, desesperança, baixa estima entre outros sintomas. Devido a importância desta patologia este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a dispensação dos antidepressivos tricíclicos em quatro drogarias na cidade de RUBIATABA-GO, através do estudo quantitativo de aspecto descritivo. No presente estudo observou-se que Amitriptilina 25mg corresponde a 55% das vendas e o Cloridrato de Nortriptilina a 1%, notou-se também que dos usuários 67% são do gênero feminino e 33% para o gênero masculino, percebe-se que houve um aumento significativo na dispensação destes medicamentos no período de 2009 a 2011.O estudo demostra que a depressão tem aumentado anualmente por diversos fatores..   Palavras chaves: Depressão, Antidepressivos tricíclicos, sintomas e dispensação.Abstract Depression is a disease process that affects the general population, it consists of various symptoms such as: melancholy, sleep, anxiety, suicidal desire, fear, hopelessness, low self-esteem among other symptoms. Given the importance of this disease this study is to evaluate the dispensation of tricyclic antidepressants in four drugstores in the city of  Rubiataba-GO, through quantitative study of descriptive aspect. In the present study it was observed that Amitriptyline 25mg corresponds to 55% of sales and Nortriptyline Hydrochloride 1% was noted also that 67% of users are female and 33% for males, it is perceived that there was a significant increase in the dispensing of these drugs in the period from 2009 to 2011. The study shows that depression has increased annually by several factors. Keywords: Depression, Tricyclic antidepressants, symptoms and dispensatio

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009: analysis of individual data for 25,676,887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75,000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems

Updated precision measurement of the average lifetime of B hadrons

The measurement of the average lifetime of B hadrons using inclusively reconstructed secondary vertices has been updated using both an improved processing of previous data and additional statistics from new data. This has reduced the statistical and systematic uncertainties and gives \tau_{\mathrm{B}} = 1.582 \pm 0.011\ \mathrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.027\ \mathrm{(syst.)}\ \mathrm{ps.} Combining this result with the previous result based on charged particle impact parameter distributions yields \tau_{\mathrm{B}} = 1.575 \pm 0.010\ \mathrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.026\ \mathrm{(syst.)}\ \mathrm{ps.

Measuring nutritional knowledge using Item Response Theory and its validity in European adolescents

Objective: To analyse the Nutritional Knowledge Test (NKT) using Item Response Theory (ITR) analysis and to assess the construct validity of the Nutritional Knowledge Scale (NKTS) and its associations with adolescent food group consumption and nutritional biomarkers. DesignCross-sectional study: SettingMulticentre investigation conducted in ten European cities.ParticipantsAdolescents aged 12·5-17·5 years (n 3215) who completed over 75 % of the NKT. Results: Factor analysis indicated that the NKT can be analysed with a one-dimensional model. Eleven out of twenty-three items from the NKT presented adequate parameters and were selected to be included in the NKTS. Nutrition knowledge was positively associated with consumption of fruits, cereals, dairy products, pulses, meat and eggs, and fish, as well as with blood concentrations of vitamin C, ß-carotene, n-3 fatty acids, holo-transcobalamin, cobalamin and folate; nutrition knowledge was negatively associated with intake of olives and avocado, alcohol and savoury snacks. Conclusions: The NKTS assessed nutritional knowledge adequately and it is proposed as a new tool to investigate this subject in future studies

Inquérito soro-epidemiológico de Brucella ovis em rebanhos ovinos no semiárido baiano

Com o objetivo de analisar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Brucella ovis em ovinos no semiárido baiano, este inquérito foi conduzido em rebanhos da microrregião de Juazeiro, Bahia. O teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi utilizado para examinar 694 amostras de soro de 58 rebanhos. Anticorpos para B. ovis foram observados em cinco (0,72%) dos animais investigados. Acredita-se que o baixo número de soropositivos deva-se às características dos sistemas de produção, com predominância do tipo de exploração extensiva de animais localmente adaptados, mestiços e sem raça definida para a produção de carne e pele, com baixa produtividade e tecnificação.</jats:p