1,044 research outputs found
Fluctuation, time-correlation function and geometric Phase
We establish a fluctuation-correlation theorem by relating the quantum
fluctuations in the generator of the parameter change to the time integral of
the quantum correlation function between the projection operator and force
operator of the ``fast'' system. By taking a cue from linear response theory we
relate the quantum fluctuation in the generator to the generalised
susceptibility. Relation between the open-path geometric phase, diagonal
elements of the quantum metric tensor and the force-force correlation function
is provided and the classical limit of the fluctuation-correlation theorem is
also discussed.Comment: Latex, 12 pages, no figures, submitted to J. Phys. A: Math & Ge
Correspondence in Quasiperiodic and Chaotic Maps: Quantization via the von Neumann Equation
A generalized approach to the quantization of a large class of maps on a
torus, i.e. quantization via the von Neumann Equation, is described and a
number of issues related to the quantization of model systems are discussed.
The approach yields well behaved mixed quantum states for tori for which the
corresponding Schrodinger equation has no solutions, as well as an extended
spectrum for tori where the Schrodinger equation can be solved.
Quantum-classical correspondence is demonstrated for the class of mappings
considered, with the Wigner-Weyl density going to the correct
classical limit. An application to the cat map yields, in a direct manner,
nonchaotic quantum dynamics, plus the exact chaotic classical propagator in the
correspondence limit.Comment: 36 pages, RevTex preprint forma
Statistics of Coulomb Blockade Peak Spacings within the Hartree-Fock Approximation
We study the effect of electronic interactions on the addition spectra and on
the energy level distributions of two-dimensional quantum dots with weak
disorder using the self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation for spinless
electrons. We show that the distribution of the conductance peak spacings is
Gaussian with large fluctuations that exceed, in agreement with experiments,
the mean level spacing of the non-interacting system. We analyze this
distribution on the basis of Koopmans' theorem. We show furthermore that the
occupied and unoccupied Hartree-Fock levels exhibit Wigner-Dyson statistics.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted for publicatio
Application of the National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines to postmenopausal women and men: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.
Summary
We applied the 2008 National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) Guidelines to Framingham Osteoporosis Study participants and found nearly one half of Caucasian postmenopausal women and one sixth of men aged 50 years and older would be recommended for osteoporosis treatment. Given the high proportion of persons recommended for treatment, NOF Guidelines may need to be re-evaluated with respect to budget impact.
Introduction
Little is known about the public health impact of the NOF Guidelines. Therefore, we determined the proportion of US Caucasians recommended for treatment of osteoporosis according to NOF Guidelines (2003 and 2008).
Methods
One thousand nine hundred and forty-six postmenopausal women and 1,681 men aged ≥50 years from the Framingham Study with information on bone mineral density (1987–2001) were included. Information on clinical predictors was used to estimate the 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture by FRAX® (version 3.0).
Results
Overall proportion of women meeting treatment criterion was less when the 2008 NOF Guidelines were applied (41.1%) compared with 2003 Guidelines (47.8%). The proportion of women aged 75 years increased slightly (78.3% in 2003, 86.0% in 2008). Seventeen percent of men aged ≥50 years met treatment criterion (2.5% aged 50–64 years, 49.8% aged >75 years).
Conclusions
Nearly one half of Caucasian postmenopausal women and one sixth of men aged 50 years and older would be recommended for osteoporosis treatment according to 2008 NOF Guidelines. Given the high proportion of persons recommended for treatment, NOF Guidelines may need to be re-evaluated with respect to budget impact
Electromagnetic characteristics of bilayer quantum Hall systems in the presence of interlayer coherence and tunneling
The electromagnetic characteristics of bilayer quantum Hall systems in the
presence of interlayer coherence and tunneling are studied by means of a
pseudospin-texture effective theory and an algebraic framework of the
single-mode approximation, with emphasis on clarifying the nature of the
low-lying neutral collective mode responsible for interlayer tunneling
phenomena. A long-wavelength effective theory, consisting of the collective
mode as well as the cyclotron modes, is constructed. It is seen explicitly from
the electromagnetic response that gauge invariance is kept exact, this
implying, in particular, the absence of the Meissner effect in bilayer systems.
Special emphasis is placed on exploring the advantage of looking into quantum
Hall systems through their response; in particular, subtleties inherent to the
standard Chern-Simons theories are critically examined.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Periodic orbit effects on conductance peak heights in a chaotic quantum dot
We study the effects of short-time classical dynamics on the distribution of
Coulomb blockade peak heights in a chaotic quantum dot. The location of one or
both leads relative to the short unstable orbits, as well as relative to the
symmetry lines, can have large effects on the moments and on the head and tail
of the conductance distribution. We study these effects analytically as a
function of the stability exponent of the orbits involved, and also numerically
using the stadium billiard as a model. The predicted behavior is robust,
depending only on the short-time behavior of the many-body quantum system, and
consequently insensitive to moderate-sized perturbations.Comment: 14 pages, including 6 figure
Squeezing of Atoms in a Pulsed Optical Lattice
We study the process of squeezing of an ensemble of cold atoms in a pulsed
optical lattice. The problem is treated both classically and
quantum-mechanically under various thermal conditions. We show that a dramatic
compression of the atomic density near the minima of the optical potential can
be achieved with a proper pulsing of the lattice. Several strategies leading to
the enhanced atomic squeezing are suggested, compared and optimized.Comment: Latex, 9 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PR
Quantum Chaos in Open versus Closed Quantum Dots: Signatures of Interacting Particles
This paper reviews recent studies of mesoscopic fluctuations in transport
through ballistic quantum dots, emphasizing differences between conduction
through open dots and tunneling through nearly isolated dots. Both the open
dots and the tunnel-contacted dots show random, repeatable conductance
fluctuations with universal statistical proper-ties that are accurately
characterized by a variety of theoretical models including random matrix
theory, semiclassical methods and nonlinear sigma model calculations. We apply
these results in open dots to extract the dephasing rate of electrons within
the dot. In the tunneling regime, electron interaction dominates transport
since the tunneling of a single electron onto a small dot may be sufficiently
energetically costly (due to the small capacitance) that conduction is
suppressed altogether. How interactions combine with quantum interference are
best seen in this regime.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, PDF 2.1 format, to appear in "Chaos, Solitons &
Fractals
Semiclassical Theory of Coulomb Blockade Peak Heights in Chaotic Quantum Dots
We develop a semiclassical theory of Coulomb blockade peak heights in chaotic
quantum dots. Using Berry's conjecture, we calculate the peak height
distributions and the correlation functions. We demonstrate that the
corrections to the corresponding results of the standard statistical theory are
non-universal and can be expressed in terms of the classical periodic orbits of
the dot that are well coupled to the leads. The main effect is an oscillatory
dependence of the peak heights on any parameter which is varied; it is
substantial for both symmetric and asymmetric lead placement. Surprisingly,
these dynamical effects do not influence the full distribution of peak heights,
but are clearly seen in the correlation function or power spectrum. For
non-zero temperature, the correlation function obtained theoretically is in
good agreement with that measured experimentally.Comment: 5 color eps figure
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Review and assessment of latent and sensible heat flux accuracy over the global oceans
For over a decade, several research groups have been developing air-sea heat flux information over the global ocean, including latent (LHF) and sensible (SHF) heat fluxes over the global ocean. This paper aims to provide new insight into the quality and error characteristics of turbulent heat flux estimates at various spatial and temporal scales (from daily upwards). The study is performed within the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Heat Flux (OHF) project. One of the main objectives of the OHF project is to meet the recommendations and requirements expressed by various international programs such as the World Research Climate Program (WCRP) and Climate and Ocean Variability, Predictability, and Change (CLIVAR), recognizing the need for better characterization of existing flux errors with respect to the input bulk variables (e.g. surface wind, air and sea surface temperatures, air and surface specific humidities), and to the atmospheric and oceanic conditions (e.g. wind conditions and sea state). The analysis is based on the use of daily averaged LHF and SHF and the asso- ciated bulk variables derived from major satellite-based and atmospheric reanalysis products. Inter-comparisons of heat flux products indicate that all of them exhibit similar space and time patterns. However, they also reveal significant differences in magnitude in some specific regions such as the western ocean boundaries during the Northern Hemisphere winter season, and the high southern latitudes. The differences tend to be closely related to large differences in surface wind speed and/or specific air humidity (for LHF) and to air and sea temperature differences (for SHF). Further quality investigations are performed through comprehensive comparisons with daily-averaged LHF and SHF estimated from moorings. The resulting statistics are used to assess the error of each OHF product. Consideration of error correlation between products and observations (e.g., by their assimilation) is also given. This reveals generally high noise variance in all products and a weak signal in common with in situ observations, with some products only slightly better than others. The OHF LHF and SHF products, and their associated error characteristics, are used to compute daily OHF multiproduct-ensemble (OHF/MPE) estimates of LHF and SHF over the ice-free global ocean on a 0.25° × 0.25° grid. The accuracy of this heat multiproduct, determined from comparisons with mooring data, is greater than for any individual product. It is used as a reference for the anomaly characterization of each individual OHF product
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