362 research outputs found
Diagnosability of Fuzzy Discrete Event Systems
In order to more effectively cope with the real-world problems of vagueness,
{\it fuzzy discrete event systems} (FDESs) were proposed recently, and the
supervisory control theory of FDESs was developed. In view of the importance of
failure diagnosis, in this paper, we present an approach of the failure
diagnosis in the framework of FDESs. More specifically: (1) We formalize the
definition of diagnosability for FDESs, in which the observable set and failure
set of events are {\it fuzzy}, that is, each event has certain degree to be
observable and unobservable, and, also, each event may possess different
possibility of failure occurring. (2) Through the construction of
observability-based diagnosers of FDESs, we investigate its some basic
properties. In particular, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for
diagnosability of FDESs. (3) Some examples serving to illuminate the
applications of the diagnosability of FDESs are described. To conclude, some
related issues are raised for further consideration.Comment: 14 pages; revisions have been mad
J/psi couplings to charmed resonances and to pi
We present an evaluation of the strong couplings JD^(*)D^(*) and
JD^(*)D^(*)pi by an effective field theory of quarks and mesons. These
couplings are necessary to calculate pi+J/psi --> D^(*)+barD^(*) cross
sections, an important background to the J/psi suppression signal in the
quark-gluon plasma. We write down the general effective lagrangian and compute
the relevant couplings in the soft pion limit and beyond.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 reference added and minor comments, style
changed to RevTe
Genomewide analysis of the lateral organ boundaries domain gene family in Eucalyptus grandis reveals members that differentially impact secondary growth
Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors
playing crucial roles in growth and development. However, the function of LBD proteins in
Eucalyptus grandis remains largely unexplored. In this study, LBD genes in E. grandis were
identified and characterized using bioinformatics approaches. Gene expression patterns in
various tissues and the transcriptional responses of EgLBDs to exogenous hormones were
determined by qRT-PCR. Functions of the selected EgLBDs were studied by ectopically
overexpressing in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba 9 Populus glandulosa). Expression levels of
genes in the transgenic plants were investigated by RNA-seq. Our results showed that there
were forty-six EgLBD members in the E. grandis genome and three EgLBDs displayed xylem-
(EgLBD29) or phloem-preferential expression (EgLBD22 and EgLBD37). Confocal microscopy
indicated that EgLBD22, EgLBD29 and EgLBD37 were localized to the nucleus. Furthermore,
we found that EgLBD22, EgLBD29 and EgLBD37 were responsive to the treatments of indol-
3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid. More importantly, we demonstrated EgLBDs exerted
different influences on secondary growth. Namely, 35S::EgLBD37 led to significantly increased
secondary xylem, 35S::EgLBD29 led to greatly increased phloem fibre production, and 35S::
EgLBD22 showed no obvious effects. We revealed that key genes related to gibberellin,
ethylene and auxin signalling pathway as well as cell expansion were significantly up- or
down-regulated in transgenic plants. Our new findings suggest that LBD genes in E. grandis
play important roles in secondary growth. This provides new mechanisms to increase wood
or fibre production.Figure S1 Conserved domains of EgLBD protein family.Figure S2 The chromosomal localization of the LBD gene family in Eucalyptus grandis.Figure S3 Subcellular localization of EgLBD22, EgLBD29 and
EgLBD37 proteins.Figure S4 Gel electrophoresis analysis for the presence of the
transgene in EgLBD22-oe, EgLBD29-oe and EgLBD37-oe plants.Figure S5 Validation for the expression of the transgene in
EgLBD22-oe, EgLBD29-oe and EgLBD37-oe plants by qRT-PCR.Table S1 All the primers used in this study.Table S2 The coding sequences of LBD genes in Eucalyptus
grandis.Table S3 The information of LBD gene family in Eucalyptus
grandis.Table S4 Conserved motifs predicted by MEME program in
EgLBD proteins.Table S5 Protein-protein interaction prediction for possible
functional protein association networks of EgLBD22.Table S6 Protein-protein interaction prediction for possible
functional protein association networks of EgLBD29.Table S7 Protein-protein interaction prediction for possible
functional protein association networks of EgLBD37.Table S8 The differentially expressed genes between EgLBD22-oe
and WT-84k plants.Table S9 The differentially expressed genes between EgLBD29-oe
and WT-84k plants.Table S10 The differentially expressed genes between EgLBD37-oe
and WT-84k plants.Table S11 The information of eight key differentially expressed
genes in EgLBD22-oe, EgLBD29-oe and EgLBD37-oe plants.Basic Research Fund of RIF [RIF2014-01]; Natural Science Foundation of China [31670676]; Mondi and Sappi through the Forest Molecular Genetics Programme; Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme [UID 80118]; National Research Foundation of South Africa [UID 18312, 71255, 86936]http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-7652am2018Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)Genetic
Single Spin Asymmetry in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at GeV
We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin
asymmetry at the center of mass energy GeV in elastic
proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The was measured
in the four-momentum transfer squared range \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the
electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of
and its -dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip
amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single
spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated
by the Pomeron amplitude at this , we conclude that this measurement
addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the
Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
High non-photonic electron production in + collisions at = 200 GeV
We present the measurement of non-photonic electron production at high
transverse momentum ( 2.5 GeV/) in + collisions at
= 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured
cross-sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large
difference in photonic background levels due to different detector
configurations. We compare the measured non-photonic electron cross-sections
with previously published RHIC data and pQCD calculations. Using the relative
contributions of B and D mesons to non-photonic electrons, we determine the
integrated cross sections of electrons () at 3 GeV/10 GeV/ from bottom and charm meson decays to be = 4.0({\rm
stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb and =
6.2({\rm stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figure
Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at GeV
We present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse
momentum correlation function, {\it C}, with collision centrality in Au+Au
interactions at GeV. {\it C} exhibits a strong dependence
on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number
correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening
of the near-side peak of {\it C} with increasing centrality to estimate the
ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, , of the matter formed
in central Au+Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of
that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, STAR paper published in Phys. Lett.
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
The impact of the metabotropic glutamate receptor and other gene family interaction networks on autism
Although multiple reports show that defective genetic networks underlie the aetiology of autism, few have translated into pharmacotherapeutic opportunities. Since drugs compete with endogenous small molecules for protein binding, many successful drugs target large gene families with multiple drug binding sites. Here we search for defective gene family interaction networks (GFINs) in 6,742 patients with the ASDs relative to 12,544 neurologically normal controls, to find potentially druggable genetic targets. We find significant enrichment of structural defects (P≤2.40E-09, 1.8-fold enrichment) in the metabotropic glutamate receptor (GRM) GFIN, previously observed to impact attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Also, the MXD-MYC-MAX network of genes, previously implicated in cancer, is significantly enriched (P≤3.83E-23, 2.5-fold enrichment), as is the calmodulin 1 (CALM1) gene interaction network (P≤4.16E-04, 14.4-fold enrichment), which regulates voltage-independent calcium-activated action potentials at the neuronal synapse. We find that multiple defective gene family interactions underlie autism, presenting new translational opportunities to explore for therapeutic interventions
A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows
We present a framework for characterizing the spatiotemporal power spectrum of the variability expected from the horizon-scale emission structure around supermassive black holes, and we apply this framework to a library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and associated general relativistic ray-traced images relevant for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A*. We find that the variability power spectrum is generically a red-noise process in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, with the peak in power occurring on the longest timescales and largest spatial scales. When both the time-averaged source structure and the spatially integrated light-curve variability are removed, the residual power spectrum exhibits a universal broken power-law behavior. On small spatial frequencies, the residual power spectrum rises as the square of the spatial frequency and is proportional to the variance in the centroid of emission. Beyond some peak in variability power, the residual power spectrum falls as that of the time-averaged source structure, which is similar across simulations; this behavior can be naturally explained if the variability arises from a multiplicative random field that has a steeper high-frequency power-law index than that of the time-averaged source structure. We briefly explore the ability of power spectral variability studies to constrain physical parameters relevant for the GRMHD simulations, which can be scaled to provide predictions for black holes in a range of systems in the optically thin regime. We present specific expectations for the behavior of the M87* and Sgr A* accretion flows as observed by the EHT
J/ψ polarization in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV in STAR
AbstractWe report on a polarization measurement of inclusive J/ψ mesons in the di-electron decay channel at mid-rapidity at 2<pT<6 GeV/c in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV. Data were taken with the STAR detector at RHIC. The J/ψ polarization measurement should help to distinguish between different models of the J/ψ production mechanism since they predict different pT dependences of the J/ψ polarization. In this analysis, J/ψ polarization is studied in the helicity frame. The polarization parameter λθ measured at RHIC becomes smaller towards high pT, indicating more longitudinal J/ψ polarization as pT increases. The result is compared with predictions of presently available models
- …