Colposuspensión para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria en perras castradas

Uno de los efectos secundarios de la ovariohisterectomía es la incontinencia urinaria. Ésta se presenta por dos motivos: en primer lugar, al eliminar los ovarios reducimos la fuente de estrógenos que son necesarios para favorecer la contracción muscular del esfínter urinario y, en segundo lugar, al eliminar el útero favorecemos que la vejiga, que se encuentra en posición pélvica, pase a posición abdominal. Cuando este animal envejece y engorda por efecto secundario de la ovariohisterectomía, todas las vísceras abdominales se apoyan sobre la vejiga y la comprimen. Esto, unido a una debilidad del esfínter vesical por la falta de los estrógenos, desemboca en que este animal se vuelva incontinente, primero cuando duerme y después a cualquier hora. El tratamiento médico de esta complicación tiene efectos secundarios muy graves; y en cuanto al quirúrgico, cuando se presenta el problema es difícil por la gran cantidad de grasa que tienen estos animales. Por este motivo, proponemos una técnica quirúrgica sencilla que los autores realizamos siempre al mismo tiempo que la ovariohisterectomía y que no prolonga más de cinco minutos la técnica completa, evitando así los problemas de incontinencia en hembras castradas

Experimental studies of QCD using flavour tagged jets with DELPHI

Identified $b\overline{b}g$ and $q\overline{q}\gamma$ events from DELPHI are used to measure the ratio of the mean charged particle multiplicity distribution between gluon and quark jets. The dependence of this ratio with the jet energy is established using about three million Z$^0$ decays. Results from all other detectors are discussed and compared. A nice agreement is found among all them. The ratio between the normalized total three-jet cross sections of $b\overline{b}g$ and $q\overline{q}g, q \equiv u,d,s$ events is also determined. The preliminary value obtained indicates that $b$ quarks are experimentaly seen to radiate less than light quarks due to their higher mass. The suggested experimental error is $\sim$300 MeV for the $b$ mass determination at the M$_Z$ scale.Comment: Latex, 5 pages, 3 figures,to appear in the Proceedings of the High Energy Physics International Euroconference on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD '96), Montpellier, France, 4-12th July 1996. Ed. S. Narison, Nucl Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.

Evidence for a chemically differentiated outflow in Mrk 231

Aims: Our goal is to study the chemical composition of the outflows of active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies. Methods: We obtained high-resolution interferometric observations of HCN and HCO$^+$ $J=1\rightarrow0$ and $J=2\rightarrow1$ of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk~231 with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. We also use previously published observations of HCN and HCO$^+$ $J=1\rightarrow0$ and $J=3\rightarrow2$, and HNC $J=1\rightarrow0$ in the same source. Results: In the line wings of the HCN, HCO$^+$, and HNC emission, we find that these three molecular species exhibit features at distinct velocities which differ between the species. The features are not consistent with emission lines of other molecular species. Through radiative transfer modelling of the HCN and HCO$^+$ outflow emission we find an average abundance ratio $X(\mathrm{HCN})/X(\mathrm{HCO}^+)\gtrsim1000$. Assuming a clumpy outflow, modelling of the HCN and HCO$^+$ emission produces strongly inconsistent outflow masses. Conclusions: Both the anti-correlated outflow features of HCN and HCO$^+$ and the different outflow masses calculated from the radiative transfer models of the HCN and HCO$^+$ emission suggest that the outflow is chemically differentiated. The separation between HCN and HCO$^+$ could be an indicator of shock fronts present in the outflow, since the HCN/HCO$^+$ ratio is expected to be elevated in shocked regions. Our result shows that studies of the chemistry in large-scale galactic outflows can be used to better understand the physical properties of these outflows and their effects on the interstellar medium (ISM) in the galaxy.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Norfloxacin mineralization under light exposure using Sb-SnO2 ceramic anodes coated with BiFeO3 photocatalyst

[EN] Advanced Oxidation Processes have been proven to be an efficient way to remove organic pollutants from wastewaters. In this work, a ceramic electrode of Sb-SnO2 (BCE) with a layer of the photocatalytic material BiFeO3 (BFO-BCE), has been characterized electrochemically and further tested for norfloxacin photoelectrooxidation in the presence and absence of light. The electrode photoactivity was highly enhanced thanks to the presence of BiFeO3, as confirmed by Linear Sweep Voltammetry, chronoamperometry and potentiometry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Additionally, working in galvanostatic mode, a high mineralization of norfloxacin was achieved after 240 min, reaching 62% at 25 mA cm 2 under light conditions. This value is comparatively higher than the 40% achieved with the BCE. The oxidation byproducts were followed by ionic chromatography and HPLC analysis, which also allowed us to propose an oxidation pathway of the norfloxacin molecule. Finally, some indicators of the reactor performance such as the Mineralization Current Efficiency and the specific energy consumption were analyzed, revealing that lower current densities (8.3 mA cm -2) led to higher current efficiencies, and that light improved both the current efficiency and energy consumption.The authors thank the financial support through the project RTI2018-101341-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ (Spain) and by FEDER A way of making Europe and AICO/2021/128 funded by Generalitat Valenciana.Domingo-Torner, C.; García Gabaldón, M.; Martí Calatayud, MC.; Mestre, S.; Pérez-Herranz, V. (2023). Norfloxacin mineralization under light exposure using Sb-SnO2 ceramic anodes coated with BiFeO3 photocatalyst. Chemosphere. 313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.13751831

Synthesis and electrochemical behavior of ceramic cation-exchange membranes based on zirconium phosphate

Cation-exchange membranes made exclusively from ceramic materials have been synthesized by means of the impregnation of microporous ceramic supports with zirconium phosphate. Changes in the pore size distribution and total pore volume of the supports were provoked by the addition of starch as pore former in the fabrication procedure. This allowed the production of supports with increased effective electrical conductivities and with larger pores available for the zirconium phosphate deposition. An improved functionality for the exchange of cations was given to the ceramic membranes by means of their impregnation with the active particles of zirconium phosphate. The ion-exchange properties of the membranes were increased with further impregnation cycles and the resulting current voltage curves showed a similar shape to that typical of commercial polymeric ion-exchange membranes. The production of ionexchange membranes with increased chemical and radiation stability will broaden their applicability for the treatment of specific industrial waste waters, which are very aggressive for the current commercial ion-exchange membranes.Manuel-Cesar Marti-Calatayud wants to express his gratitude to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a postgraduate grant (Ref. 2010-12). S. Sales would like to express her gratitude to Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigacion (Spain) for a postgraduate grant (AP2009-4409). This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) with the project numbers CTQ2008-06750-C02-01/PPQ and CTQ2008-06750-C02-02/PPQ.Martí Calatayud, MC.; García Gabaldón, M.; Pérez-Herranz, V.; Sales, S.; Mestre, S. (2013). Synthesis and electrochemical behavior of ceramic cation-exchange membranes based on zirconium phosphate. Ceramics International. 39(4):4045-4054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.10.255S4045405439

La agricultura marginal como fuente de sedimentos en el Pirineo Central

[Resumen] La agricultura cerealista ha ocupado grandes extensiones en los valles pirenaicos, en exposiciones solanas por debajo de 1600 m de altitud. En este artículo se estudia el papel de la agricultura tradicional en la producción de sedimentos y la degradación del paisaje. Por medio de parcelas experimentales puede afirmarse que la agricultura itinerante y el barbecho han dado lugar a pérdidas de suelo muy elevadas y explican la pedregosidad superficial de mu.chas laderas. En el caso de la agricultura itinerante (articas), la quema de matorral y la incorporación de cenizas al suelo como fertilizante no contribuía a mejorar sustancialmente la calidad de los suelos.[Abstract] Cereal cropping has occupied large extent in the Pyrenean valleys, on sunny aspects under 1.600 m a.s.l. In this paper the role of traditional farming on sediment yield and landscape degradation is studied. By means of experimental plots the authors conclude than shifting agriculture an fallow land have caused great soil losses and explain the surface stoniness in many hillslopes. In the case of shifting agriculture, the burning of the shrub cover and the use of ashes as fertilizer did not contribute to improve the quality of soil

Psychometric Study on a Two-Factor Higher Order Structure of Mindfulness, Its Effects, and Mechanisms Related to Mental Health among Experienced Meditators

Objective: To investigate the psychometric and structural properties of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) among meditators, to develop a short form, and to examine associations of mindfulness with mental health and the mechanisms of mindfulness. Methods: Two independent samples were used, a German (n = 891) and a Spanish (n = 393) meditator sample, practicing various meditation styles. Structural and psychometric properties of the FFMQ were investigated with multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. Associations with mental health and mechanisms of mindfulness were examined with path analysis. Results: The derived short form broadly matched a previous item selection in samples of non-meditators. Self-regulated Attention and Orientation to Experience governed the facets of mindfulness on a higher-order level. Higher-order factors of mindfulness and meditation experience were negatively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, and perceived stress. Decentering and nonattachment were the most salient mechanisms of mindfulness. Aspects of emotion regulation, bodily awareness, and nonattachment explained the effects of mindfulness on depression and anxiety. Conclusions: A two-component conceptualization for the FFMQ, and for the study of mindfulness as a psychological construct, is recommended for future research. Mechanisms of mindfulness need to be examined in intervention studie

Chaos induced coherence in two independent food chains

Coherence evolution of two food web models can be obtained under the stirring effect of chaotic advection. Each food web model sustains a three--level trophic system composed of interacting predators, consumers and vegetation. These populations compete for a common limiting resource in open flows with chaotic advection dynamics. Here we show that two species (the top--predators) of different colonies chaotically advected by a jet--like flow can synchronize their evolution even without migration interaction. The evolution is charaterized as a phase synchronization. The phase differences (determined through the Hilbert transform) of the variables representing those species show a coherent evolution.Comment: 5 pages, 5 eps figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.