Bacterial Infection Elicits Heat Shock Protein 72 Release from Pleural Mesothelial Cells

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been implicated in infection-related processes and has been found in body fluids during infection. This study aimed to determine whether pleural mesothelial cells release HSP70 in response to bacterial infection in vitro and in mouse models of serosal infection. In addition, the in vitro cytokine effects of the HSP70 isoform, Hsp72, on mesothelial cells were examined. Further, Hsp72 was measured in human pleural effusions and levels compared between non-infectious and infectious patients to determine the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid Hsp72 compared to traditional pleural fluid parameters. We showed that mesothelial release of Hsp72 was significantly raised when cells were treated with live and heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae. In mice, intraperitoneal injection of S. pneumoniae stimulated a 2-fold increase in Hsp72 levels in peritoneal lavage (p<0.01). Extracellular Hsp72 did not induce or inhibit mediator release from cultured mesothelial cells. Hsp72 levels were significantly higher in effusions of infectious origin compared to non-infectious effusions (p<0.05). The data establish that pleural mesothelial cells can release Hsp72 in response to bacterial infection and levels are raised in infectious pleural effusions. The biological role of HSP70 in pleural infection warrants exploration

Klinisch-zeitlicher Verlauf eines solitären retinalen Astrozytoms

Zusammenfassung: Retinale Astrozytome sind benigne Tumoren der Netzhaut. Ihr Auftreten kann solitär oder multipel, selten auch bilateral oder als teil eines Syndroms (tuberöse Sklerose, Neurofibromatose Typ I) sein. Am Auge zeigt der Tumor nur eine geringe Wachstumstendenz, weswegen lediglich jährliche Kontrollen ohne Intervention als ausreichend erscheinen. Selten kommt es zu einem aggressiven Wachstum, welches eine Therapie erfordert. Neben der Enukleation des betroffenen Auges gibt es zahlreiche anderen Therapiemöglichkeiten (z.B. vitreoretinale Chirurgie, Brachy- oder Kryotherapie, photodynamische Therapie). Aufgrund des Auftretens retinaler Astrozytome als Teil eines Syndroms sollte die jährliche Kontrolle interdisziplinär erfolge

The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea Ice Area in the Arctic Ocean Since 1980

The loss of multiyear sea ice (MYI) in the Arctic Ocean is a significant change that affects all facets of the Arctic environment. Using a Lagrangian ice age product, we examine MYI loss and quantify the annual MYI area budget from 1980 to 2021 as the balance of export, melt, and replenishment. Overall, MYI area declined at 72,500 km2/yr; however, a majority of the loss occurred during two stepwise reductions that interrupt an otherwise balanced budget and resulted in the northward contraction of the MYI pack. First, in 1989, a change in atmospheric forcing led to a +56% anomaly in MYI export through Fram Strait. The second occurred from 2006 to 2008 with anomalously high melt (+25%) and export (+23%) coupled with low replenishment (−8%). In terms of trends, melt has increased since 1989, particularly in the Beaufort Sea, export has decreased since 2008 due to reduced MYI coverage north of Fram Strait, and replenishment has increased over the full time series due to a negative feedback that promotes seasonal ice survival at higher latitudes exposed by MYI loss. However, retention of older MYI has significantly declined, transitioning the MYI pack toward younger MYI that is less resilient than previously anticipated and could soon elicit another stepwise reduction. We speculate that future MYI loss will be driven by increased melt and reduced replenishment, both of which are enhanced with continued warming and will one day render the Arctic Ocean free of MYI, a change that will coincide with a seasonally ice‐free Arctic Ocean

STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN PTERIDOPHYTA TERESTRIAL DI KAWASAN HUTAN WISATA AIR TERJUN JUMOG DESA BERJO NGARGOYOSO KARANGANYAR PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

The research on ecological studies of terrestrial Pteridophytes in the forest area waterfalls Jumog Berjo Village Ngargoyoso Karanganyar Central Java was conducted on February until March 2016. The aimed of this research was determining the level of diversity terrestrial pteridophytes in the area waterfalls. This research was using purposive sampling to determine the location of plots. The research plots consisted of 15 plots. Result of the study found 15 species from the genus Selaginella (Selaginella ornata), 1 species of the genus Cyathea (Cyathea contaminans) and 13 species of the genus Polypodiaceae consist of Adiantum raddianum, A.capillus-veneris, A.hispidulum, Deparia petersenii, Chingia ferox, Diplazium sp., D. procumbens, Nephrolepis biserrata, Tectaria melanocaula, T. fuscipes, Pteris biurita and pteridophyta species A and B. The dominant percentage of plant seen from calculation highest INP is a further Adiantum raddianum then Deparia petersenii while the lowest is INP in plant Diplazium sp. The index of diversity (H’) is 0,821. This index indicating that low pteridophytes diversity in tourist area Jumog waterfall. The higest diversity was found Selaginella ornata is 0,150 while the lowest was of plant is Cyathea contaminans and Diplazium sp

Studi Keragaman Pteridophyta Terestrial Di Kawasan Hutan Sekipan Desa Kalisoro Tawangmangu Karanganyar Provinsi Jawa Tengah

The research on the diversity of terrestrial pteridophytes in Sekipan area of Kalisoro Village Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java Province, was conducted on April 2017. The purpose of this research was determening the level of diversity terrestrial pteridophytes in Sekipan forest area. The location of the study was determined by purposive sampling consisted of 10 plots. Results of the study found 12 species divided into 4 families consisted of Thelypteridaceae (Thelypteris resinifera), Dennstaedtiaceae (Microlepia strigosa), Cyatheaceae (Cyathea contaminans), and Polypodiaceae consisting of Diplazium velutinum, Adiantum hispidulum, Pteris biurita, Deparia petersenii, Nephrolepis Exaltata, Chingia ferox, Nephrolepis sp., Pityrogramma calomelanos, and Davallia denticulata. The dominant percentage can be seen from calculation highest INP results is Diplazium velutinum, while the lowest INP value there are two types of Chingia ferox and Cyathea contaminans. Known on the result index of diversity (H ') is 0.864. It can be said that the diversity of pteridophytes in Sekipan forest area belongs to a low category

Karakteristik Morfologi Lichen Crustose Di Kawasan Hutan Sekipan Desa Kalisoro Tawangmangu Karanganyar Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Morphology crustose lichen in the forest area sekipan was held on 2 and 9 April 2017. This study aims to determine the morphology of crustose lichen that grows on State forest Sekipan Karanganyar. This research uses descriptive quantitative survey techniques. This method establishes five different heights, namely 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500 m above sea level. There are six species of lichen crustose ie from Graphis scripta from Family Graphidaceae, Phlyctis argena of Family Phlyctidaceae, Lecidella elaechroma of Family Lecidellalaceae, Lepraria sp from Family Stereocaulaceae, Cryptothecia striata of Family Arthoniaceae, Lecanora sp of Family Lecanoraceae. The morphological characteristics of type crustose has a shape like crust (hard skin) flat, thin and attached to the surface of the tree that are difficult to be removed without damaging the substrate. Altitude affects the distribution of lichen, meaning that the higher the altitude the more numerous and varied the crustose lichen colonies

Fichte and Hegel on Recognition

In this paper I provide an interpretation of Hegel’s account of ‘recognition’ (Anerkennung) in the 1802-3 System of Ethical Life as a critique of Fichte’s account of recognition in the 1796-7 Foundations of Natural Right. In the first three sections of the paper I argue that Fichte’s account of recognition in the domain of right is not concerned with recognition as a moral attitude. I then turn, in section four, to a discussion of Hegel’s critique and transformation of Fichte’s conception of recognition. Hegel’s transformation consists, I argue, in the claim that a comprehensive account of recognition in the domain of right must be concerned with recognition as a moral attitude

The World Association against Infection in Orthopaedics and Trauma (WAIOT) procedures for Microbiological Sampling and Processing for Periprosthetic Joint Infections (PJIs) and other Implant-Related Infections

While implant-related infections continue to play a relevant role in failure of implantable biomaterials in orthopaedic and trauma there is a lack of standardised microbiological procedures to identify the pathogen(s). The microbiological diagnosis of implant-related infections is challenging due to the following factors: the presence of bacterial biofilm(s), often associated with slow-growing microorganisms, low bacterial loads, previous antibiotic treatments and, possible intra-operative contamination. Therefore, diagnosis requires a specific set of procedures. Based on the Guidelines of the Italian Association of the Clinical Microbiologists (AMCLI), the World Association against Infection in Orthopaedics and Trauma has drafted the present document. This document includes guidance on the basic principles for sampling and processing for implant-related infections based on the most relevant literature. These procedures outline the main microbiological approaches, including sampling and processing methodologies for diagnostic assessment and confirmation of implant-related infections. Biofilm dislodgement techniques, incubation time and the role of molecular approaches are addressed in specific sections. The aim of this paper is to ensure a standardised approach to the main microbiological methods for implant-related infections, as well as to promote multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and microbiologists

Combining [(11)C]-AnxA5 PET imaging with serum biomarkers for improved detection in live mice of modest cell death in human solid tumor xenografts

BACKGROUND: In vivo imaging using Annexin A5-based radioligands is a powerful technique for visualizing massive cell death, but has been less successful in monitoring the modest cell death typically seen in solid tumors after chemotherapy. Here we combined dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using Annexin A5 with a serum-based apoptosis marker, for improved sensitivity and specificity in assessment of chemotherapy-induced cell death in a solid tumor model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Modest cell death was induced by doxorubicin in a mouse xenograft model with human FaDu head and neck cancer cells. PET imaging was based on (11)C-labeled Sel-tagged Annexin A5 ([(11)C]-AnxA5-ST) and a size-matched control. 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG) was utilized as a tracer of tissue metabolism. Serum biomarkers for cell death were ccK18 and K18 (M30 Apoptosense® and M65). Apoptosis in tissue sections was verified ex vivo for validation. Both PET imaging using [(11)C]-AnxA5-ST and serum ccK18/K18 levels revealed treatment-induced cell death, with ccK18 displaying the highest detection sensitivity. [(18)F]-FDG uptake was not affected by this treatment in this tumor model. [(11)C]-AnxA5-ST gave robust imaging readouts at one hour and its short half-life made it possible to perform paired scans in the same animal in one imaging session. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The combined use of dynamic PET with [(11)C]-AnxA5-ST, showing specific increases in tumor binding potential upon therapy, with ccK18/K18 serum measurements, as highly sensitive markers for cell death, enabled effective assessment of modest therapy-induced cell death in this mouse xenograft model of solid human tumors.VetenskapsrådetPublishe