Exchange-Rate Pass-Through to Import Prices in the Euro Area

This paper presents an empirical analysis of transmission rates from exchange rate movements to import prices, across countries and product categories, in the euro area over the last fifteen years. Our results show that the transmission of exchange rate changes to import prices in the short run is high, although incomplete, and that it differs across industries and countries; in the long run, exchange rate pass-through is higher and close to one. We find no strong statistical evidence that the introduction of the euro caused a structural change in this transmission. Although estimated point elasticities seem to have declined since the introduction of the euro, we find little evidence of a structural break in the transmission of exchange rate movements except in the case of some manufacturing industries. And since the euro was introduced, industries producing differentiated goods have been more likely to experience reduced rates of exchange rate pass-through to import prices. Exchange rate changes continue to lead to large changes in import prices across euro-area countries.

Surface acoustic wave modulation of single photon emission from GaN/InGaN nanowire quantum dots

On-chip quantum information processing requires controllable quantum light sources that can be operated on-demand at high-speeds and with the possibility of in-situ control of the photon emission wavelength and its optical polarization properties. Here, we report on the dynamic control of the optical emission from core-shell GaN/InGaN nanowire (NW) heterostructures using radio frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The SAWs are excited on the surface of a piezoelectric lithium niobate crystal equipped with a SAW delay line onto which the NWs were mechanically transferred. Luminescent quantum dot (QD)-like exciton localization centers induced by compositional fluctuations within the InGaN nanoshell were identified using stroboscopic micro-photoluminescence (micro-PL) spectroscopy. They exhibit narrow and almost fully linearly polarized emission lines in the micro-PL spectra and a pronounced anti-bunching signature of single photon emission in the photon correlation experiments. When the nanowire is perturbed by the propagating SAW, the embedded QD is periodically strained and its excitonic transitions are modulated by the acousto-mechanical coupling, giving rise to a spectral fine-tuning within a ~1.5 meV bandwidth at the acoustic frequency of ~330 MHz. This outcome can be further combined with spectral detection filtering for temporal control of the emitted photons. The effect of the SAW piezoelectric field on the QD charge population and on the optical polarization degree is also observed. The advantage of the acousto-optoelectric over other control schemes is that it allows in-situ manipulation of the optical emission properties over a wide frequency range (up to GHz frequencies).Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1902.0791

Explicit expressions for state estimation sensitivity analysis in water systems

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The implementation of state estimation techniques to water systems enables the hydraulic state of a given network to be computed at any time. However, errors in both measurements and model parameters can severely affect the quality of the state estimate, thus sensitivity analysis is crucial to assess its performance. The aim of this paper is to provide general explicit expressions for the sensitivities of the objective function and the primal variables of the state estimation problem with respect to both measurements and roughness parameters based on the perturbation of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Additionally, among all the possible applications of sensitivity analysis, two specific forms of such analysis for water systems are presented: identifiability of roughness parameters, and linear state estimate approximation. The merit of these applications is illustrated by means of a case study, which highlights the usefulness of compact sensitivity formulae to further understanding of state estimation solutions

Exchange rate pass-through to import prices in the euro area

This paper presents an empirical analysis of transmission rates from exchange rate movements to import prices, across countries and product categories, in the euro area over the last fifteen years. Our results show that the transmission of exchange rate changes to import prices in the short run is high, although incomplete, and that it differs across industries and countries; in the long run, exchange rate pass through is higher and close to one. We find no strong statistical evidence that the introduction of the euro caused a structural change in this transmission. Although estimated point elasticities seem to have declined since the introduction of the euro, we find little evidence of a structural break in the transmission of exchange rate movements except in the case of some manufacturing industries. And since the euro was introduced, industries producing differentiated goods have been more likely to experience reduced rates of exchange rate pass through to import prices. Exchange rate changes continue to lead to large changes in import prices across euro area countries

Técnicas SIG aplicadas al estudio del relieve de los Montes de León (NO de la Península Ibérica)

En este trabajo se presenta un método basado en el análisis de modelos digitales de elevación (MDE) a través de SIG, encaminado a realizar una cartografía preliminar de antiguas superficies de aplanamiento en los relieves que bordean la cuenca del Bierzo (oeste de la provincia de León, noroeste de la Península Ibérica). El área de estudio es un complejo sistema escalonado de niveles de aplanamiento elaborados sobre el basamento del Macizo Ibérico, constituyente de los relieves montañosos de la zona, deformado por la Orogenia Alpina durante el Cenozoico, en donde las superficies se encuentran elevadas, basculadas, fragmentadas y muy degradadas. Partiendo del MDE con paso de malla de 25 m del PNOA se realizó una caracterización general de la zona de estudio mediante la obtención de mapas derivados: pendientes, orientaciones de pendiente y sombreado, así como de la red de drenaje. Empleando la extensión EZ Profile para ArcGIS 9.3 se generaron 213 perfiles topográficos, sobre los principales cordales e interfluvios, con los que se localizaron y correlacionaron los elementos culminantes (indicios y restos de superficies de aplanamiento) presentes en toda la zona de estudio, lo que permitió reconstruir el relieve previo al desmantelamiento por parte de la red de drenaje. Una vez delimitadas las superficies de aplanamiento se procedió a su caracterización, agrupación y jerarquización, mediante el estudio de superficies de tendencia, el análisis de la red de drenaje y la relación con la actividad tectónica. Se realizó una reconstrucción teórica de cada uno de los aplanamientos a través de la interpolación de los puntos pertenecientes al antiguo relieve, generando así una superficie de tendencia de primer orden, de donde se obtuvo la orientación y pendiente de cada una de ellas. A su vez, se buscaron anomalías en los cauces de los ríos que atraviesan los aplanamientos, que pudieran indicar actividad tectónica reciente. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo un estudio de las cuencas de drenaje, sobre las que se realizaron cálculos de hipsometría y de asimetría (Factor de Asimetría). Por último, se calculó la incisión del drenaje sobre las superficies de aplanamiento cartografiadas. Como resultado se obtuvieron veinte superficies clasificadas en ocho niveles, desde los 1000m a los 2100m, en donde se observa cómo los distintos elementos de un mismo nivel se encuentran en extremos opuestos de la zona de estudio, ubicados en forma de orla perdiendo altura hacia la cuenca del Bierzo.Trabajo financiado por el proyecto de la Junta de Castilla y León LE311A12-2 y por el proyecto Consolider Ingenio 2006 CSD-2006, TopoIberia Geociencias en Iberia

Surgery technique for ovine ruminal cannulation

The study of the ruminants' digestive system is of great interest to improve their productive efficiency. From 1928, in which Schalk and Amadon described the technique of cannulation in one stage for bovine and ovine, are developed numerous modifications of that technique as well as new others. A common problem is that can appear complications as movements of the cannula, increases in size of the fistula by necrosis of the tissue or ruminal fluid leak. The developed technique provides a simplification to the surgery, minimizes the complications and lengthens functional life of the cannula.El estudio del sistema digestivo de los rumiantes es de gran interés para conseguir mejorar su eficiencia productiva. Desde 1928, año en el que Schalk y Amadon describieron la técnica de canulación en una fase para su utilización en bovino y ovino, se desarrollan numerosas modificaciones de esta técnica así como otras nuevas. Un problema común es que pueden aparecer complicaciones como movimientos de la cánula, aumentos de tamaño de la fístula por necrosis o fugas de líquido ruminal. La técnica desarrollada aporta una simplificación a la cirugía, minimiza las complicaciones y alarga vida funcional de la cánula

Listado sistemático de los Oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del noroeste de la Península Ibérica

Our knowledge about the oribatids mites fauna from northwestern Iberian Peninsula (Galicia, province of León and northern Portugal) is scarce. Only 125 species were previously recorded from this region. In this paper we add 99 new taxa to this systematic list; three of them are recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula: Trhypochthonius tectorum congregator, Moritzoppia oreia and Eupelops subexutus, and nine of them, labeled as “sp.”, are probably new species for Science.En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado una de las zonas de la Península Ibérica menos conocidas desde el punto de vista oribatológico, el noroeste, que comprende toda Galicia, León y el norte de Portugal. Tras recopilar todas las citas de Oribátidos existentes hasta la fecha, 125 en total, se han incorporado 99 nuevas de las que tres: Trhypochthonius tectorum congregator, Moritzoppia oreia y Eupelops subexutus son, a su vez, nuevas citas ibéricas, mientras que otras 9 podrían ser nuevas especies para la ciencia, figurando en el listado como “sp.

Stochastic approach to observability analysis in water networks

[EN] This work presents an alternative technique to the existing methods for observability analysis (OA) in water networks, which is a prior essential step for the implementation of state estimation (SE) techniques within such systems. The methodology presented here starts from a known hydraulic state and assumes random gaussian distributions for the uncertainty of some hydraulic variables, which is then propagated to the rest of the system. This process is repeated again to analyze the change in the network uncertainty when metering devices considered as error-free are included, based on which the network observability can be evaluated. The method’s potential is presented in an illustrative example, which shows the additional information that this methodology provides with respect to traditional OA approaches. This proposal allows a better understanding of the network and constitutes a practical tool to prioritize the location of additional meters, thus enhancing the transformation of large urban areas into actual smart cities[ES] Este artículo presenta una técnica alternativa a los métodos existentes en la literatura para el análisis de observabilidad (AO) de redes de agua, paso previo imprescindible para la adaptación de las técnicas de estimación de estado (EE) a estos sistemas. La metodología propuesta parte de un estado de flujo conocido y asume distribuciones aleatorias normales para la incertidumbre de algunas variables hidráulicas, que se propaga luego al resto del sistema. Este proceso se repite a continuación para valorar el cambio en la incertidumbre de la red al añadir aparatos de medida cuyo error se considera nulo, en base al cual se puede evaluar la observabilidad de la red. El potencial del método se presenta mediante un ejemplo ilustrativo, que pone de manifiesto la información adicional que esta metodología aporta con respecto a los enfoques de AO tradicionales. Esta propuesta permite un mejor conocimiento de la red y es una herramienta útil para priorizar la colocación de nuevos equipos de medida, contribuyendo a la transformación de los grandes núcleos urbanos en smart cities. Guardar / Salir Siguiente >Díaz, S.; Mínguez, R.; González, J. (2016). Aproximación estocástica al análisis de observabilidad en redes de abastecimiento de agua. Ingeniería del Agua. 20(3):139-152. doi:10.4995/ia.2016.4625.SWORD139152203Bargiela, A. B. 1984. On-line monitoring of water distribution networks. Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham, United Kingdom.Bargiela, A., Hainsworth, G. 1989. Pressure and flow uncertainty in water systems. 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A hybrid method for observability analysis using a reduced network graph theory. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 18(1), 295-304. doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2002.807072Krumpholz, G.R., Clements, K.A., Davis, P.D. 1980. Power system observability - A practical algorithm using network topology. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-99(4), 1534-1542. doi:10.1109/TPAS.1980.319578Nagar, A.K., Powell, R.S. 2004. Observability analysis of water distribution systems under parametric and measurement uncertainty. Proceedings of the ASCE 2000 Joint Conference on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management, Minneapolis, USA, 1-10. doi:10.1061/40517(2000)213Nucera, R.R., Gilles, M.L. 1991. Observability analysis: A new topological algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 6(2), 466-475. doi:10.1109/59.76688Preis, A., Whittle, A. J., Ostfeld, A., Perelman, L. (2011). Efficient hydraulic state estimation technique using reduced models of urban water networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 137(4), 343-351. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000113Savic, D., Kapelan, Z., Jonkergouw, P. 2009. Quo vadis water distribution model calibration? Urban Water Journal, 6(1), 3-22. doi:10.1080/15730620802613380Schweppe, F.C., Wildes, J. 1970. Power system static state estimation, Part I: Exact model. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-89(1), 120-125. doi:10.1109/TPAS.1970.292678Solares, C., Conejo, A.J., Castillo, E., Pruneda, R.E. 2009. Binary-arithmetic approach to observability checking in state estimation. IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 3(4), 336-345. doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2008.0248Walski, T.M. 1983. Techniques for calibrating network models. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 109(4), 360-372. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1983)109:4(360)Yu, G., Powell, R.S. 1994. 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