Left colectomy with intracoporeal anastomosis: technical aspects Colectomia esquerda com anastomose intracorpórea: aspectos técnicos

ABSTRACT Oncologic laparoscopic colectomy represents a fully validated surgical approach to the management of colorectal cancer. However, laparoscopic surgery for distal transverse and descending colon lesions remains a challenging procedure. A total laparoscopic approach to the left colectomy is an interesting option for critically ill patients although reports in the literature on this subject are scarce and its approach still not standardized because of its selective nature for indication. There are several advantages associated with conduction of totally laparoscopic approach to the left colon. Intracorporeal vessel sealing ensures an adequate lymph node dissection. Moreover, it enables the construction of a well-vascularized anastomosis. Ultimately, the occurrence of late wound complications are possibly reduced for the placement of a low abdominal incision exclusively used for specimen extraction. This paper aimed at describing our technique for a totally laparoscopic left colectomy for distal transverse and descending colon lesions. Keywords: Laparoscopy; Surgical procedures, operative; Colorectal surgery; Colorectal neoplasms; Intestinal polyps RESUMO A colectomia oncológica por videolaparoscopia representa uma abordagem cirúrgica validada no tratamento radical do câncer colorretal. No entanto, a cirurgia laparoscópica para lesões de cólon transverso e descendente distal persiste como um procedimento tecnicamente complexo. A abordagem totalmente laparoscópica para a realização da colectomia esquerda é uma opção interessante para pacientes selecionados, ainda que parcialmente avaliada na literatura e, sobretudo, carecendo de padronização técnica, devido à natureza seletiva de sua indicação. Existem várias vantagens associadas à realização da colectomia esquerda totalmente laparoscópica. A realização do controle vascular por videolaparoscopia assegura uma adequada extensão da dissecção linfonodal. Além disso, permite a construção de uma anastomose bem vascularizada. Finalmente, a ocorrência de complicações tardias da ferida pode ser reduzida devido ao emprego de uma incisão abdominal utilizada exclusivamente para a retirada do amostra cirúrgica. Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever uma proposta técnica de padronização da colectomia esquerda totalmente laparoscópica para lesões de cólon transverso e descendente distal

Rastreamento do câncer colorretal

O câncer colorretal (CCR) é a terceira neoplasia mais freqüente no mundo. A mortalidade persiste inalterada nos últimos 50 anos a despeito dos avanços obtidos em diagnóstico e tratamento. Significativa parcela dos doentes se apresenta com tumores em estágio avançado ou incuráveis de onde se depreende a necessidade de rastreamento dos pacientes com lesões pré-malignas (pólipos adenomatosos) como resultado de herança genética ou idade, e de vigilância dos portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal de longa evolução. Na medida em que existem diferentes grupos de risco identificáveis para CCR e diferentes estratégias para o rastreamento, há que se determinar o protocolo de triagem capaz de oferecer maior relação custo-benefício. Uma vez que o objetivo das técnicas de rastreamento é diminuir a morbi-mortalidade da população analisada, o presente trabalho objetiva conhecer, sob essa perspectiva, os resultados dos estudos disponíveis até o momento para o rastreamento do CCR. Os principais métodos de rastreamento incluem, isoladamente ou em associação, o emprego da pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes, a sigmoidoscopia e o exame colonoscópico. As evidências de literatura a respeito dos métodos de rastreamento para os diversos grupos de risco específicos são insuficientes e, freqüentemente, não envolvem estudos controlados. A necessidade de realização desses estudos associada ao progresso nos estudos de genética molecular resultará em maior eficácia e menor custo associados ao rastreamento do CCR.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and mortality has remained the same for the past 50 years, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Because significant numbers of patients present with advanced or incurable stages, patients with pre-malignant lesions (adenomatous polyps) that occur as result of genetic inheritance or age should be screened, and patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease should undergo surveillance. There are different risk groups for CRC, as well as different screening strategies. It remains to be determined which screening protocol is the most cost-effective for each risk catagory. The objective of screening is to reduce morbidity and mortality in a target population. The purpose of this review is to analyze the results of the published CRC screening studies, with regard to the measured reduction of morbidity and mortality, due to CRC in the studied populations, following various screening procedures. The main screening techniques, used in combination or alone, include fecal occult blood tests, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Evidence from the published literature on screening methods for specific risk groups is scanty and frequently does not arise from controlled studies. Nevertheless, data from these studies, combined with recent advances in molecular genetics, certainly lead the way to greater efficacy and lower cost of CRC screening

Outcomes of redo for failed colorectal or coloanal anastomoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose This study aimed to review the outcomes of redo procedures for failed colorectal or coloanal anastomoses. Methods A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and LILACS databases. The inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing colectomy with primary colorectal or coloanal anastomosis and studies that assessed the postoperative results. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42021267715). Results Eleven articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected. The studied population size ranged from 7 to 78 patients. The overall mortality rate was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–0.01%). The postoperative complication rate was 40% (95% CI, 40%–50%). The length of hospital stay was 13.68 days (95% CI, 11.3–16.06 days). After redo surgery, 82% of the patients were free of stoma (95% CI, 75%–90%), and 24% of patients (95% CI, 0%–39%) had fecal incontinence. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=0.002) was associated with a lower probability of being free of stoma in meta-regression. Conclusion Redo colorectal and coloanal anastomoses are strategies to restore colonic continuity. The decision to perform a redo operation should be based on a proper evaluation of the morbidity and mortality risks, the probability of remaining free of stoma, the quality of life, and a functional assessment

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Left colectomy with intracoporeal anastomosis: technical aspects

<div><p>Oncologic laparoscopic colectomy represents a fully validated surgical approach to the management of colorectal cancer. However, laparoscopic surgery for distal transverse and descending colon lesions remains a challenging procedure. A total laparoscopic approach to the left colectomy is an interesting option for critically ill patients although reports in the literature on this subject are scarce and its approach still not standardized because of its selective nature for indication. There are several advantages associated with conduction of totally laparoscopic approach to the left colon. Intracorporeal vessel sealing ensures an adequate lymph node dissection. Moreover, it enables the construction of a well-vascularized anastomosis. Ultimately, the occurrence of late wound complications are possibly reduced for the placement of a low abdominal incision exclusively used for specimen extraction. This paper aimed at describing our technique for a totally laparoscopic left colectomy for distal transverse and descending colon lesions.</p></div

INTERESFINCTERIAL LIGATION OF FISTULA TRACT (LIFT) FOR PATIENTS WITH ANAL FISTULAS: A BRAZILIAN BI-INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE

<div><p>ABSTRACT Background : The best treatment for anal fistula should extirpate infection and promote healing of the tract, whilst preserving the anal sphincter complex and full continence. Aim: To analyze the success rate after a modified technique for ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) for patients with anal fistulas. Methods: A prospective (observational cohort study) Brazilian bi-institutional experience with a modified (ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract without excision) LIFT technique was undertaken. A clinical database was settled for the following variables: age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, distance between external orifice and the anus, previous fistula surgery, type of fistula, operative time, intra- and postoperative complications, duration of follow-up, and success rate. Results: Between November 2015 and January 2017, 38 patients with transsphincteric fistulas were operated on using the modified LIFT procedure. Seventeen (44.7%) were men. Median age was 41 (18-67) years. Median BMI was 26.4 (22-38) kg/m2. Five (13.2%) had undergone previous surgery. The fistula was transsphincteric in all cases. Median follow-up was 32 (range, 14-56) weeks. Success was observed in 30 (79%) patients. Conclusions: The LIFT technique without excision of the fistula tract proved to be safe and effective for transsphincteric anal fistulas.</p></div