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Synthetic RGB photometry of bright stars: definition of the standard photometric system and UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra

Although the use of RGB photometry has exploded in the last decades due to the advent of high-quality and inexpensive digital cameras equipped with Bayer-like color filter systems, there is surprisingly no catalogue of bright stars that can be used for calibration purposes. Since due to their excessive brightness, accurate enough spectrophotometric measurements of bright stars typically cannot be performed with modern large telescopes, we have employed historical 13-color medium-narrow-band photometric data, gathered with quite reliable photomultipliers, to fit the spectrum of 1346 bright stars using stellar atmosphere models. This not only constitutes a useful compilation of bright spectrophotometric standards well spread in the celestial sphere, the UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra, but allows the generation of a catalogue of reference RGB magnitudes, with typical random uncertainties $\sim 0.01$ mag. For that purpose, we have defined a new set of spectral sensitivity curves, computed as the median of 28 sets of empirical sensitivity curves from the literature, that can be used to establish a standard RGB photometric system. Conversions between RGB magnitudes computed with any of these sets of empirical RGB curves and those determined with the new standard photometric system are provided. Even though particular RGB measurements from single cameras are not expected to provide extremely accurate photometric data, the repeatability and multiplicity of observations will allow access to a large amount of exploitable data in many astronomical fields, such as the detailed monitoring of light pollution and its impact on the night sky brightness, or the study of meteors, solar system bodies, variable stars, and transient objects. In addition, the RGB magnitudes presented here make the sky an accessible and free laboratory for the calibration of the cameras themselves.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

The Role of Social Stress in the Development of Inhibitory Control Deficit: A Systematic Review in Preclinical Models

Inhibitory control deficit and impulsivity and compulsivity behaviours are present in different psychopathological disorders such as addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorders and schizophrenia, among others. Social relationships in humans and animals are governed by social organization rules, which modulate inhibitory control and coping strategies against stress. Social stress is associated with compulsive alcohol and drug use, pointing towards a determining factor in an increased vulnerability to inhibitory control deficit. The goal of the present review is to assess the implication of social stress and dominance on the vulnerability to develop impulsive and/or compulsive spectrum disorders, with the aid of the information provided by animal models. A systematic search strategy was carried out on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the most relevant information was structured in the text and tables. A total of 34 studies were recruited in the qualitative synthesis. The results show the role of social stress and dominance in increased drug and alcohol use, aggressive and impulsive behaviour. Moreover, the revised studies support the role of Dopaminergic (DA) activity and the alterations in the dopaminergic D1/D2 receptors as key factors in the development of inhibitory control deficit by social stress

Association of CD14 rs2569190 polymorphism with mortality in shock septic patients who underwent major cardiac or abdominal surgery: A retrospective study

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the CD14 rs2569190 polymorphism and death related to septic shock in white European patients who underwent major cardiac or abdominal surgery. We carried out a retrospective study in 205 septic shock patients. The septic shock diagnosis was established by international consensus definitions. The outcome variable was the death within 28, 60 and 90 days after septic shock diagnosis. The CD14 rs2569190 polymorphism was analyzed by Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform. For the genetic association analysis with survival was selected a recessive inheritance model (GG vs. AA/AG). One hundred thirteen out of 205 patients (55.1%) died with a survival median of 39 days (95%CI = 30.6; 47.4). Patients with rs2569190 GG genotype had shorter survival probability than rs2569190 AA/AG genotype at 60 days (62.3% vs 50%; p = 0.035), and 90 days (62.3% vs 52.6%; p = 0.046). The rs2569190 GG genotype was associated with increased risk of septic shock-related death in the first 60 days (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.67; p = 0.016) and 90 days (aHR = 1.64; p = 0.020) compared to rs2569190 AA/AG genotype. In conclusion, the presence of CD14 rs2569190 GG genotype was associated with death in shock septic patients who underwent major surgery. Further studies with bigger sample size are required to verify this relationship.The authors thank the Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII) for providing SNP genotyping services (http://www.cegen.org). It is supported by grant PT13/0001, ISCIII-SGEFI/FEDER. We also acknowledge the patients in this study for their participation. This work has been supported by grants given by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers PI15/01451 to ET), “Gerencia de Salud, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Leon” [grant number GRS 463/A/10 and 773/A/13 to ET], and PFIZER [grant number CT25-ESP01-01 to SR]. MAJS, LMM, and AFR are supported by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” [grant numbers CD13/00013, CD14/00002, and CP14CIII/00010; respectively].S

IL-1B rs16944 polymorphism is related to septic shock and death

Background: IL-1β is a primary mediator of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and it may lead to shock septic. Our aim was to analyse whether IL-1B rs16944 polymorphism is associated with the onset of septic shock and death after major surgery. Materials and methods: We performed a case-control study on 467 patients who underwent major cardiac or abdominal surgery. Of them, 205 patients developed septic shock (cases, SS group) and 262 patients developed SIRS (controls, SIRS group). The primary outcome variables were the development of septic shock and death within 90 days after diagnosis of septic shock. The IL-1B rs16944 polymorphism was genotyped by Sequenom's MassARRAY platform. The association analysis was performed under a recessive genetic model (AA vs. GG/GC). Results: The frequency of septic shock was higher in patients with IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype than in patients with IL-1B rs16944 GG/AG genotype when all patients were taken into account (63·6% vs. 41·8%; P = 0·006), cardiac surgery (52·2% vs. 33·3%; P = 0·072) and abdominal surgery (76·2% vs. 50·2%; P = 0·023). However, the IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype was only associated with higher likelihood of septic shock in the analysis of all population [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2·26 (95%CI = 1·03; 4·97; P = 0·042], but not when it was stratified by cardiac surgery (P = 0·175) or abdominal surgery (P = 0·467). Similarly, IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype was also associated with higher likelihood of septic shock-related death in all population [aOR = 2·67 (95%CI = 1·07; 4·97); P = 0·035]. Conclusions: IL-1B rs16944 AA genotype seems to be related to the onset of septic shock and death in patients who underwent major surgery.This work has been supported by grants given by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers PI15/01451 to ET), ‘Gerenciade Salud, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León [grant number GRS 463/A/10 and 773/A/13 to ET] and PFIZER [grant number CT25-ESP01-01 to SR]. MAJS, LMM and AFR are supported by ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ [grant numbers CD13/00013, CD14/00002 and CP14CIII/00010, respectively]S

A comparative rheological study of amaranth, wheat and chickpea doughs

Legume flours due to their nutritional benefits (e.g., high levels of proteins, fiber, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients and vitamins) are ideal ingredients for improving the nutritional value of bread and bakery products. Although proteins has a major role in the quality breads, however, few studies related to the evaluation of doughs containing chickpea flour(or other legume flour) alone or blended with other ingredients have been published. This work performs a comparative study of the flow properties of three different flours: wheat, amaranth and chickpea, at two temperatures. The flow curves showed shear-thinning behaviour although amaranth flour presented the higher values of viscosity and wheat flour de lower values. The influence of the protein content in the three doughs was evaluated by means of step- up-stepdown tests and frequency sweeps (Fig. 1). Amaranth flour presented the higher elastic modulus and the wheat flour the lower. This can explain the compactation observed in gluten-free bread. The results of the flow studies are prone to the combination of cereal and legume flours in order to improve the taste and quality of gluten-free breads.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

¿Forma en sostenibilidad el sistema universitario español? Visión del alumnado de cuatro universidades

For more than a decade, various national and international initiatives have emerged so that universities can assume a leadership role in order to promote education for sustainable development and to respond to the global challenges of today’s society. It is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of these initiatives, and to ask ourselves whether or not universities are training their students to face these challenges with responsibility.This is one of the objectives of the EDINSOST project. Within the framework of EDINSOST, we have carried out qualitative research, developing focus groups with students in their final years at different universities and different academic profiles. This has allowed us to integrate the perspective of university students into our analysis. In this paper, we present the most relevant contributions in relation to the students’ vision of sustainability, their formative experience in the university and their opinion on how it could be improved. Results show that the sustainability training provided by university is insufficient: students do not feel prepared to integrate sustainability into their professional activity. However, they consider it essential that universities should include sustainability in their academic curricula, and they emphasize the importance of using active methodologies that connect students with reality and encourage reflection.The research shows that there is a lot of work to be done in order to integrate sustainability into university education. Students’ proposals are aligned with those of experts in education for sustainability. To carry them out requires both teacher training and commitment, as well as institutional involvement.Desde hace más de una década, existen diversas iniciativas internacionales y nacionales para que las universidades asuman un rol de liderazgo para promover una educación para el desarrollo sostenible y dar respuestas a los retos globales de la sociedad actual. Es preciso analizar la efectividad de esas iniciativas y preguntarnos si las universidades están formando a sus estudiantes para afrontar con responsabilidad dichos retos.Éste es uno de los objetivos del proyecto EDINSOST, dentro de cuyo marco hemos llevado a cabo una investigación de tipo cualitativa, desarrollando grupos de discusión con estudiantes de últimos cursos de distintas universidades y perfiles académicos. Esto nos ha permitido integrar en nuestros análisis la perspectiva del alumnado universitario.En este artículo se presentan las aportaciones más relevantes en relación a la visión de los estudiantes sobre la sostenibilidad, su experiencia formativa en la universidad y su opinión sobre cómo podría mejorarse. Los resultados muestran que la formación en sostenibilidad que aporta la universidad es insuficiente, y que los estudiantes no se sienten preparados para integrar la sostenibilidad en su actividad profesional. Sin embargo, consideran fundamental que la universidad incluya la sostenibilidad en sus currículos académicos, y enfatizan la importancia de emplear metodologías activas que conecten al alumnado con la realidad y fomenten la reflexión.La investigación muestra que queda mucho trabajo por hacer para integrar la sostenibilidad en la formación universitaria. Las propuestas del alumnado están alineadas con las de los expertos en educación para la sostenibilidad, y para llevarlas a cabo se requiere tanto la formación y compromiso del profesorado como la implicación institucional

Aplicación fotogramétrica para el análisis dinámico de barrancas. Caso barrancas Ojo Salado y Seca, en el Volcán Citlaltépetl, México

A photrogrammetric analysis of the Ojo Salado and Seca canyons of Citlaltepetl Volcano, in the area of influence of the towns of Cuiyachapa and Tetelcingo, in the State of Veracruz is presented. The local acceleration of gravity, atmospheric pressure and slope for each canyon was calculated, in order to model the structural geomorphology of the study area. By micrometer measurements using stereoscopic development it could be inferred that the analyzed canyons, present a fundamental movement parallel to dip (inclination) of the surface referred to as fault with vertical displacement. This paper highlights the importance of the application of photogrammetric methods in Earth Sciences to examine two canyons in the Citlaltépetl Volcano, passing next to the towns of Cuiyachapa and Tetelcingo, acceleration of gravity, pressure and 2D and 3D modeling, data correlating with photogeomorphological models to determine scales of map and the terrain, and the unevenness of them using footholds. The purpose of this work is to encourage the application of photogrammetry in the area of Earth Sciences, specifically geomorphological development.Se presenta un análisis fotogramétrico de las barrancas Ojo Salado y Seca en el Volcán Citlaltépetl, que se encuentran en el área de influencia de los poblados de Cuiyachapa y Tetelcingo, en el estado de Veracruz. Se calculó la aceleración local de la gravedad, presión atmosférica y pendiente para cada barranca, con el fin de modelar de forma estructural la morfología de la zona de estudio. A través de mediciones micrométricas con estereoscopía se pudo inferir que las barrancas analizadas presentan un movimiento fundamental, paralelo al buzamiento de la superficie denominada como falla con desplazamiento vertical. En este trabajo se pone de manifiesto la importancia de la aplicación de métodos fotogramétricos para determinar áreas vulnerables a la acción dinámica de barrancas en laderas volcánicas, que drenan junto a los poblados de Cuiyachapa y Tetelcingo, en las laderas del Volcán Citlaltépetl. La modelación de datos 2D y 3D, correlacionada con datos de modelos fotogeomorfológicos, permitió determinar las escalas del mapa y del terreno. Se plantea una aplicación fotogramétrica para analizar la morfología de las barrancas activas

Multicentre, randomised, single-blind, parallel group trial to compare the effectiveness of a Holter for Parkinson's symptoms against other clinical monitoring methods: study protocol

Introduction In recent years, multiple studies have aimed to develop and validate portable technological devices capable of monitoring the motor complications of Parkinson's disease patients (Parkinson's Holter). The effectiveness of these monitoring devices for improving clinical control is not known. Methods and analysis This is a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled clinical trial. Neurologists from Spanish health centres will be randomly assigned to one of three study arms (1:1:1): (a) therapeutic adjustment using information from a Parkinson?s Holter that will be worn by their patients for 7 days, (b) therapeutic adjustment using information from a diary of motor fluctuations that will be completed by their patients for 7 days and (c) therapeutic adjustment using clinical information collected during consultation. It is expected that 162 consecutive patients will be included over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome is the efficiency of the Parkinson?s Holter compared with traditional clinical practice in terms of Off time reduction with respect to the baseline (recorded through a diary of motor fluctuations, which will be completed by all patients). As secondary outcomes, changes in variables related to other motor complications (dyskinesia and freezing of gait), quality of life, autonomy in activities of daily living, adherence to the monitoring system and number of doctor?patient contacts will be analysed. The noninferiority of the Parkinson's Holter against the diary of motor fluctuations in terms of Off time reduction will be studied as the exploratory objective. Ethics and dissemination approval for this study has been obtained from the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Ethics Committee. The results of this study will inform the practical utility of the objective information provided by a Parkinson's Holter and, therefore, the convenience of adopting this technology in clinical practice and in future clinical trials. We expect public dissemination of the results in 2022.Funding This work is supported by AbbVie S.L.U, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [DTS17/00195] and the European Fund for Regional Development, 'A way to make Europe'