La Torre de Juan Abad a través de las cartas de Quevedo

Quevedo pasó muchos años de su vida en su señorío de la Torre de Juan Abad. Desde allí mantuvo una incansable correspondencia con numerosos personajes de la época: el maestro del príncipe, Juan de Isasi, el conde de Montezuma… de muchos de ellos no se ha conservado ni una sola carta, pero las que se conservan en el manuscrito Barnuevo, de la Biblioteca Nacional, dirigidas a su vecino en Beas, Sancho de Sandoval, son testimonio de su existencia. Estas cartas son, en realidad, testimonio de muchas cosas: de su labor literaria y también de su vida en la Torre de Juan Abad, lo que nos permite ver, entre sus líneas, cómo era la Torre en la época de Quevedo y cómo era Quevedo en la Torre. Vemos a un escritor, a un hombre mayor, preocupado por su huerto a la par que inmerso en las malas noticias que llegan desde el imperio que empieza a dejar de serlo. Vemos cómo las lluvias provocaron verdaderos estragos en La Torre en el invierno de 1635, y cómo recibe la villa al cadenal de Borja, o lo que puede significar, en La Mancha de 1636, el paso de tigres americanos y alfombras para la decoración del Buen Retiro. Todo se cuenta en estas cartas

Copper microlocalisation and changes in leaf morphology, chloroplast ultrastructure and antioxidative response in white lupin and soybean grown in copper excess

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0583-1The microlocalisation of Cu was examined in the leaves of white lupin and soybean grown hydroponically in the presence of 1.6 (control) or 192 μM (excess) Cu, along with its effect on leaf morphology, (ultra)structure and the antioxidative response. The 192 μM dose led to a reduction in the total leaf area and leaf thickness in both species, although more strongly so in white lupin. In the latter species it was also associated with smaller spongy parenchyma cells, and smaller spaces between them, while in the soybean it more strongly reduced the size of the palisade parenchyma and epidermal cells. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed that under Cu excess the metal was mainly localised inside the spongy parenchyma cells of the white lupin leaves, and in the lower epidermis cell walls in those of the soybean. Cu excess also promoted ultrastructural chloroplast alterations, reducing the photosynthetic capacity index and the green area of the leaves, especially in the soybean. Despite this, soybean appeared to be more tolerant to Cu excess than white lupin, because soybean displayed (1) lower accumulation of Cu in the leaves, (2) enhanced microlocalisation of Cu in the cell walls and (3) greater levels of induced total -SH content and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities that are expected for better antioxidative responsesFunding for this study was provided by the Spanish MCyT (project CTM 2010-21922-C02-02/TECNO), the Autonomous Community of Madrid (project S2009/AMB-1478) and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (project POII10-0211-5015

Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids

[EN] Weeds are one of the major constraints in crop production affecting both yield and quality. The excessive and exclusive use of synthetic herbicides for their management is increasing the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and is provoking risks for the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new herbicides with multitarget-site activity, new modes of action and low impact on the environment and health are badly needed. The study of plant-plant interactions through the release of secondary metabolites could be a starting point for the identification of new molecules with herbicidal activity. Essential oils (EOs) and their components, mainly terpenoids, as pure natural compounds or in mixtures, because of their structural diversity and strong phytotoxic activity, could be good candidates for the development of new bioherbicides or could serve as a basis for the development of new natural-like low impact synthetic herbicides. EOs and terpenoids have been largely studied for their phytotoxicity and several evidences on their modes of action have been highlighted in the last decades through the use of integrated approaches. The review is focused on the knowledge concerning the phytotoxicity of these molecules, their putative target, as well as their potential mode of action.This research was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades RTI2018-094716-B-100 and by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), project SIR-2014 cod. RBSI14L9CE (MEDANAT).Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Sánchez-Moreiras, AM.; Araniti, F. (2020). Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids. Plants. 9(11):1-52. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111571S15291

The Inhibitive Effect of Sebacate-Modified LDH on Concrete Steel Reinforcement Corrosion

In recent decades, layered double hydroxides (LDH) have been proposed as innovative corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concrete. Their protective action is based on the ability to intercalate specific anions in the interlayer and on their ability to exchange the intercalated anion. In the present study, an organically charged LDH, with sebacate anions in the interlayer (LDH-S), is proposed as a water-repellent additive for mortar. The waterproofing efficiency of LDH-S and the associated corrosion inhibition ability has been evaluated in reinforced mortar samples. A 42% decrease in the water capillary absorption coefficient has been estimated when 3% LHD-S is added to a mortar. Both the passivation processes of the steel rebars during the curing period and the initiation of corrosion due to chloride exposure have been studied by electrochemical measurements. Three different mortars have been evaluated: reference mortar (REF), mortar with Mg-Al LDH (LDH), and mortar with LDH-sebacate (LDH-S). The latter has shown an important protective capacity for preventing the initiation of corrosion by chloride penetration, with an inhibitory efficiency of 74%. The presence of LDHs without sebacate in the interlayer also improved the performance of the mortar against rebar corrosion, but with lower efficiency (23% inhibitory efficiency). However, this protection is lost after continued chloride exposure over time, and corrosion initiates similarly to the reference mortar. The low corrosion current density values registered when LDH-S is added to the mortar may be related to the increased electrical resistance recorded in this mortar

Predicting grower choices in a regulated environment

The analysis of farmers’ decision making process in the framework of agricultural policy is particularly complex as they take action within a structure of interacting opportunities, preferences, benefits and social factors which ultimately account for their behavior. This paper will study viticulturists’ behaviour vis-à-vis this scenario. Their decisions in the face of different possible alternatives are analysed using a multinomial logit model and a sample of 74,502 plots in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The conclusion is that viticulturists from this region are more prone to maintaining the status quo in their plots due to the current public support security issues, uncertain scenarios and their natural risk aversion

Some viable models for digital public-interest journalism

The supply of public interest journalism that serves the needs of citizens in a democratic society has always been scarce in the media marketplace when compared with sensationalism, gossip, entertainment, propaganda, and misinformation. This scarce commodity, whose market value lies in its credibility and depends on costly investments of time and money in professional research, has frequently required a subsidy, which for more than a century was provided by advertising. Now that this subsidy has mostly been devoured by technological platforms such as Google and Facebook, the industry and profession are developing new models focused on user needs and wants with a trend toward public service rather than profit. This paper uses deductive and critical methodologies to identify the most promising business models used by media companies to counteract the decline in public-interest journalism. Our proposal is that an appropriate business model can be the best way to revitalize media companies. The research is based on Chesbrough’s business model framework applied to 20 leading digital news publications from 16 countries. In addition, we analyze how Covid-19 has impacted those business models

Testing caffeic acid as a natural antioxidant in functional fish-fibre restructured products

7 páginas, 4 figuras, 5 tablasThe antioxidant effectiveness of caffeic acid addition to minced fish muscle with or without wheat dietary fibre added was studied. Wheat dietary fibre showed a significant prooxidant effect on minced fish muscle during chilled storage that was significantly inhibited in presence of 100 mg/kg caffeic acid. In samples containing caffeic acid and wheat dietary fibre, lipid oxidation was completely inhibited after 10 days. Results obtained from the instrumental texture profile analysis showed that the inclusion of wheat dietary fibre with or without caffeic acid lowered the texture profile analysis parameters. Caffeic acid did not render any changes on the water binding capacity. These results prove that caffeic acid can be successfully used as a natural antioxidant in wheat dietary fibre minced fish restructured products.This work was performed within the Integrated Research Project SEAFOODplus, contract No FOOD-CT-2004-506359 and the research project AGL2006-26016-E/GAN. The [partial] financing of this work by the European Union and the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe

“Caracterización antropométrica infanto - juvenil Y su relación nutricional en el sector de monte sinai, Guayaquil - Ecuador”

This study determines the anthropometric characterization in relation to the nutritional status of the child population - Youth. The project was carried out in the Sector of Sinai´s Mount. Guayaquil - Guayas, Ecuador; in the period from May 2014 to September 2016, based on focus groups Subcentro Health, CNH, CIBV the MIES and Educational Units of Sinai´s Mount. Through training habits and eating habits were advised - nutritional correct, a sample of 787 children and adolescents (neonates, young infants and elderly, preschool, children and adolescents) was determined by taking anthropometric measurements: weight, height and perimeter cephalic in children up to 12 years and BMI in adolescents aged 13-19 years. This investigation revealed that according to the age indicator / weight / height / head circumference and Body Mass Index 333 (42.31%) of the infanto - youth sector, presented some degree of malnutrition, 358 (45.49%) normal weight and 96 (12.19%) overweight and obesity. It becomes visible that the child population - youth accused a high prevalence of mild chronic malnutrition in relation to severe chronic malnutrition, which shows animprovement in the nutritional status of the sector. In addition it was found that overweight and obesity increased compared with previous studies.El estudio determina la caracterización antropométrica en relación al estado nutricional de una población infanto-juvenil. El proyecto se realizó en el Sector de Monte Sinaí. Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador; en el período comprendido entre Mayo del 2014 a Septiembre del 2016, tomando como grupos focales el Subcentro de Salud, CNH, CIBV del MIES y las Unidades Educativas de Monte Sinaí. Mediante capacitaciones se aconsejaron hábitos y costumbres alimentarias - nutricionales correctas, se determinó una muestra de 787 infantes y adolescentes (neonatos, lactantes menores y mayores, preescolares, escolares y adolescentes), a través de la toma de mediciones antropométricas: peso, talla y perímetro cefálico en niños hasta los 12 años, e índice de masa corporal en adolescentes de 13 a 19 años. Esta investigación reveló que de acuerdo con el indicador edad/peso/talla/perímetro cefálico e Índice de Masa Corporal 333 (42,31%) de los infanto-juveniles del sector, presentó algún grado de desnutrición, 358 (45,49%) Normopeso y 96 (12,19%) con sobrepeso y Obesidad. Se hace visible que la población infanto-juvenil acusa un alto predominio de la Desnutrición Leve Crónica en relación con la Desnutrición Grave Crónica, lo que demuestra una mejora en el estado nutricional del sector.Además se constató que el sobrepeso y la obesidad aumentaron en comparación con estudios anteriores

Didáctica de las matemáticas: de los proyectos de investigación como futuro al futuro en los proyectos de investigación

El objetivo de este artículo es describir, desde nuestra perspectiva, lo que ha implicado llevar a cabo un proyecto de investigación en nuestro campo. Para ello, nos apoyamos en uno de esos proyectos desarrollado por nuestro equipo, cuyo objetivo ha sido obtener información sobre el aprendizaje matemático de los alumnos de bachillerato. En particular, abordamos el estudio conjunto de los metaconceptos defi nir, probar y modelar, que nosotros consideramos muy relevantes en la construcción del conocimiento matemático. La descripción del proceso se realiza en base a cuatro etapas clave: identifi cación del problema, su consideración dentro de un marco adecuado y compatible con él, un diseño metodológico que permita resolverlo en forma coherente, y el acceso a unos resultados válidos, verifi cables y contrastables, que supongan un avance en el cuerpo de conocimiento científi co propio del campo considerado.The aim of this article is to describe, from our perspective, what has implied the development of a research project in our fi eld. We use one of those projects developed by our team, where we try to obtain information about the mathematical learning in 16-18 year old students. In particular, we approach the analysis from the study of three metaconcepts, defi ning, proving and modelling, that we consider very relevant in the construction of the mathematical knowledge. The description of the process is made on the basis of four key stages: identifi cation of the problem, its consideration in an adequate and compatible framework, a methodological design that allows solving it in a coherent way and the access to valid, verifi able and contrastable results that suppose an advance in the scientifi c knowledge of the considered fi eld.Facultad de Educación y Humanidades - Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada)Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al apoyo del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, proyecto SEJ2005-01283/EDUC