Information analisys in drug consumption and other addictions prevention

Tradicionalmente gran parte de los programas preventivos de drogas y otras adicciones dirigidos a preadolescentes y adolescentes, se han apoyado en la información como estrategia fundamental para disuadir el consumo, utilizando argumentos basados en las consecuencias del deterioro al ser consumidores de sustancias, así como en el abuso de otras conductas adictivas no químicas. El enfoque clásico se apoya en que los jóvenes toman sus decisiones de consumir, o no, en base a una elaboración racional, por tanto en el caso de estar informados de los riesgos que asumen al consumir optarían por no hacerlo. Es fundamental incidir en la importancia que adquieren tres cuestiones alrededor de la información: el nivel y calidad de la información que tienen los jóvenes, el nivel y calidad de la información que tienen los padres y la búsqueda de las fuentes de información sobre drogas y su nivel de credibilidad. Posiblemente los modelos de transmisión y contenido de información que utiliza la publicidad comercial podrían ser más adecuados y eficaces que los del recurso al miedo en el ámbito de los comportamientos de salud, y por supuesto, de las adicciones en general. La tendencia de los promotores de mensajes de salud sigue siendo la de transmitir las consecuencias y los riesgos, en la línea de la apelación al miedo. Presumimos que se alcanzaría una mayor eficiencia con mensajes positivos, reforzando los estilos de vida saludables.Traditionally a large proportion of the preventive programs focused in drugs and other addictions among adolescents and young people have drawn on the information as a core strategy to discourage the consumption, using arguments based in the consequences of the deterioration being substance consumers, as well as in the abuse of other non chemical addictive behaviors. The classical approach is based on the rational decision process among young people to do the consumption or not, therefore if they were properly informed about the risks they would choose the no consumption. Is essential to address the importance of three topics around the information issue: degree and quality information among young people, degree and quality information among parents and information source search about drugs and its credibility degree. The models of transmission and information content used by the commercial advertising may be more appropriate and effective than the ‘fear resort’ within health behaviors and addictions in general. The trend of health message promoters continue to be the communication of risk and negative consequences, following the fear resort way. We propose that would be more effective using positive messages enforcing a healthy lifestyle

Theoretical configuration of health motivation from the self-determination theory

El estudio de la motivación humana es un constructo altamente complejo y con una gran variabilidad de enfoques. La teoría de la autodeterminación (TAD) ha demostrado una relativa efectividad y consistencia en muchos aspectos relacionados con la salud, como por ejemplo el ejercicio físico, la alimentación, el sueño, el bienestar psicológico o el consumo de tabaco. Las investigaciones muestran que la motivación autodeterminada se corresponde con la motivación intrínseca y en cambio la motivación extrínseca y sus formas de regulación pueden corresponderse con comportamiento no autodeterminados, pudiendo llegar hasta la desmotivación. En este trabajo se formula una construcción teórica sobre este modelo, introduciendo la percepción de riesgo (PR) y la vulnerabilidad percibida (VP) como elementos que pueden variar el sentido final de la motivación e incluso mejorar alguna de sus regulaciones extrínsecas y la desmotivación. Una de las posibilidades teóricas que sugerimos para intentar neutralizar los tipos no autodeterminados es procurar aumentar la PR y la VP de la persona, ya que estando estas dos variables altas, la probabilidad de que la desmotivación aparezca se reduce significativamente, y las acciones forzadas de la regulación externa y la regulación introyectada pueden amortiguarse y aumentar la internalización lo que podría favorecer los comportamientos de salud.The study of human motivation is a highly complex construct with a wide variability of visions. The Self-Determination Theory (SDT) has shown a relative effectiveness and consistency in several issues related to health, such as physical activity, diet, sleep, psychological well-being or tobacco consumption. Research shows that self-determined motivation is consistent with intrinsic motivation and, in contrast, extrinsic motivation and its regulation ways can be matched to non-self-determined behaviors, reaching even a lack of motivation. The aim of this work is to draw up a theoretical construction about this model, bringing in risk perception and perceived vulnerability as elements that can change the final direction of the motivation and even improve some of its extrinsic regulations and the lack of motivation. One of the theoretical possibilities that we propose to try to neutralize the non-self-determined types is seek to increase both the personal risk perception and perceived vulnerability, as being these two variables high the likelihood of occurrence of a lack of motivation is significantly reduced, and forced actions of external regulation and introjected regulation may be buffered and increase the internalization, what could favor health behaviors

Predicting grower choices in a regulated environment

The analysis of farmers’ decision making process in the framework of agricultural policy is particularly complex as they take action within a structure of interacting opportunities, preferences, benefits and social factors which ultimately account for their behavior. This paper will study viticulturists’ behaviour vis-à-vis this scenario. Their decisions in the face of different possible alternatives are analysed using a multinomial logit model and a sample of 74,502 plots in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The conclusion is that viticulturists from this region are more prone to maintaining the status quo in their plots due to the current public support security issues, uncertain scenarios and their natural risk aversion

Impact of Fluid Substitution on the Performance of an Axial Compressor Blade Cascade Working with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Abstract Recent research on turbomachinery design and analysis for supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles has relied on computational fluid dynamics. This has produced a large number of works whose approach is mostly case-specific, rather than of general application to sCO2 turbomachinery design. As opposed to such approach, this work explores the aerodynamic performance of compressor blade cascades operating on air and supercritical CO2 with the main objective to evaluate the usual aerodynamic parameters of the cascade for variable boundary conditions and geometries, enabling “full” or “partial” similarity. The results present both the global performance of the cascades and certain features of the local flow (trailing edge and wake). The discussion also highlights the mechanical limitations of the analysis (forces exerted on the blades), which is the main restriction for applying similarity laws to extrapolate the experience gained through decades of work on air turbomachinery to the new working fluid. This approach is a step toward the understanding and appropriate formulation of a multi-objective optimization problem for the design of such turbomachinery components where sCO2 is used as the operating fluid. With this objective, the paper aims to identify and analyze what would be expected if a common description of such computational design problems similar to those where air is the working fluid were used.</jats:p

Theoretical conceptualization of psychological resilience and its relation with health

La resiliencia es un término que surge de la física en relación con la resistencia de los materiales así como con la capacidad de recuperación de los mismos al ser sometidos a diferentes presiones y fuerzas. En la actualidad consideramos que el concepto de resiliencia sigue siendo un constructo ambiguo, que necesita una mayor clarificación, sobre todo, en cuestiones referidas a su configuración teórica. Para poder llevarlo a la práctica en condiciones óptimas, necesitamos contar con un modelo que permita mejorar los resultados de las poblaciones vulnerables y de la población general en relación con la salud. En este trabajo se pretende profundizar en la configuración de la resiliencia psicosocial, estudiando las variables que empíricamente se relacionan con ella, con el objetivo de aproximarnos a una construcción más clara que permita su aplicabilidad en futuras investigaciones en el ámbito de la salud.Resilience is a term arising from physics in relationship with the resistance of the materials as well as their recoverability under different pressures and forces. We currently believe that the concept of resilience remains an ambiguous construct, needing a further clarification, especially in its theoretical configuration issues. To carry it into practice in optimal conditions, we need a model that allows improving outcomes of both vulnerable and general population in relation to health. This work intends to deepen the psychosocial resilience configuration, studying variables that are empirically related to it, with the aim of approaching a clearer construction that allows its applicability in future research within the field of health

Explorando a proposição XXXIV do livro I dos elementos de Oliver Byrne no GeoGebra

Neste trabalho descreve-se o andamento de uma proposta baseada na edição de Oliver Byrne dos Elementos de Euclides, que usa diagramas coloridos. A ideia de Byrne era apresentar as afirmações, as construções e até as provas dos Elementos de Euclides com um uso simples e rigoroso de cores, como forma de sintetizar descrições e argumentações verbais mais explícitas. Na proposta deste estudo o sistema semiótico e a abordagem de Byrne são materializados digitalmente com a utilização de um ambiente de geometria dinâmica, o GeoGebra, e o uso do caso da Proposição XXXIV do Livro I, de Byrne. O recurso interativo no GeoGebra no estilo de Byrne foi criado como um objeto de aprendizagem para a exploração de propriedades e discussões matemáticas e como uma ferramenta para tornar explícita a compreensão e aprendizagem da geometria euclidiana pelos estudantes

A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM DESIDRATADOR DE ALIMENTOS NA ABORDAGEM DE CONTEÚDOS DA MATEMÁTICA

Este texto resulta de uma atividade da disciplina “Práticas Socioculturais e Educação Matemática I”, com o propósito de descrever os conhecimentos matemáticos e físicos presentes na prática sociocultural da construção de um desidratador solar. Ele fundamenta-se nos princípios teóricos das Práticas Socioculturais de Mendes e Farias (2014). As informações foram obtidas por meio da observação e descrição detalhada de um vídeo, no qual o artesão explica minuciosamente essa prática, vinculada ao campo da Permacultura. Após a análise do material audiovisual, identificaram-se os conhecimentos matemáticos e físicos, notadamente aqueles relacionados à geometria do caixote, envolvidos na construção e funcionamento do artefato. Ao organizar esses conhecimentos, torna-se possível contribuir para a mediação na sala de aula. Dessa maneira, é viável estabelecer uma conexão entre a escola e a cultura das regiões que incorporam essa prática em seu cotidiano, fomentando uma aprendizagem mais significativa e contextualizada para os estudantes dessas localidades

Synthesis of Spherical 4R Mechanism for Path Generation using Differential Evolution

The problem of path generation for the spherical 4R mechanism is solved using the Differential Evolution algorithm (DE). Formulas for the spherical geodesics are employed in order to obtain the parametric equation for the generated trajectory. Direct optimization of the objective function gives the solution to the path generation task without prescribed timing. Therefore, there is no need to separate this task into two stages to make the optimization. Moreover, the order defect problem can be solved without difficulty by means of manipulations of the individuals in the DE algorithm. Two examples of optimum synthesis showing the simplicity and effectiveness of this approach are included.Comment: Submitted to Mechanism and Machine Theor

Morbilidad de la linfadenectomía lumboaórtica laparoscópica en pacientes con tumor testicular no seminomatoso en estadío clínico A

Indexación: ScieloRetroperitoneal Lymph node dissection is part of the treatment of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors stage I (NSGCT). Aim: To report the immediate surgical outcomes of patients subjected to laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of the surgical outcomes of 118 patients aged 15 to 44 years, who underwent Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (L-RPLND) for NSGCT stage I. Results: Median blood loss was 50 cc (range 10-1.000 cc), median operative time was 120 min. (range 60-300 min). Mean hospital stay was 41.4 hours. Twelve patients (10.2%) had operative complications. Ten had vascular injuries (8.5%), one had a duodenal injury (0.85%) and one had an acute pulmonary edema (0.85%). Eight lesions were repaired laparoscopically and three required conversion to open surgery. There was no mortality in this series. Conclusions: L-RPLND had an acceptable complication rate in this series of patients. Most of the complications could be resolved laparoscopicallyIntroducción: La linfadenectomía retroperitoneal lumboaórtica es el método de elección en el tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer testicular no seminoma en estadio A. Este trabajo muestra los resultados inmediatos de una serie de 118 pacientes operados por vía laparoscópica. Material y Método: Se analizan los resultados quirúrgicos de 118 pacientes portadores de un cáncer testicular no seminoma estadio clínico A. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 29 años. La mediana de sangrado fue de 50 cc, el tiempo quirúrgico tuvo una mediana de 120 minutos y el tiempo de hospitalización tuvo una media de 41,4 horas. Complicaciones intraoperatorias ocurrieron en 12 pacientes (10,2%): 10 lesiones hemorrágicas (8,5%), 1 lesión duodenal (0,85%) y 1 edema pulmonar agudo (0,85%). De las 11 lesiones quirúrgicas, 8 fueron reparadas por vía laparoscópica, requiriendo conversión a cirugía abierta 3 casos. No hubo mortalidad en la serie. Conclusiones: La linfadenectomía lumboaórtica laparoscópica es un procedimiento estandarizado, con una tasa de complicaciones aceptable, la mayoría de las cuales puede ser resuelta en forma laparoscópica