Neural Mechanisms of Temporal and Rhythmic Structure Processing in Non-Musicians

Music is increasingly being used as a therapeutic tool in the field of rehabilitation medicine and psychophysiology. One of the main key components of music is its temporal organization. The characteristics of neurocognitive processes during music perception of meter in different tempo variations technique have been studied by using the event-related potentials technique. The study involved 20 volunteers (6 men, the median age of the participants was 23 years). The participants were asked to listen to 4 experimental series that differed in tempo (fast vs. slow) and meter (duple vs. triple). Each series consisted of 625 audio stimuli, 85% of which were organized with a standard metric structure (standard stimulus) while 15% included unexpected accents (deviant stimulus). The results revealed that the type of metric structure influences the detection of the change in stimuli. The analysis showed that the N200 wave occurred significantly faster for stimuli with duple meter and fast tempo and was the slowest for stimuli with triple meter and fast pace

Robust bifunctional aluminium-salen catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides

Abstract Two new one-component aluminium-based catalysts for the reaction between epoxides and carbon dioxide have been prepared. The catalysts are composed of aluminium-salen chloride complexes with trialkylammonium groups directly attached to the aromatic rings of the salen ligand. With terminal epoxides, the catalysts induced the formation of cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions (25-35 °C; 1-10 bar carbon dioxide pressure). However, with cyclohexene oxide under the same reaction conditions, the same catalysts induced the formation of polycarbonate. The catalysts could be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused. 161

Native and graphene-coated flat and stepped surfaces of TiC

Titanium carbide attracts growing interest as a substrate for graphene growth and as a component of the composite carbon materials for supercapacitors, an electrode material for metal-air batteries. For all these applications, the surface chemistry of titanium carbide is highly relevant and being, however, insufficiently explored especially at atomic level is a subject of our studies. Applying X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to clean (111) and (755) surfaces of TiC, we were able to obtain the detailed spectroscopic pattern containing information on the plasmon structure, shake up satellite, the peak asymmetry and, finally, surface core level shift (SCLS) in C 1s spectra. The latter is essential for further precise studies of chemical reactions. Later on, we studied interface between TiC (111) and (755) and graphene and found the SCLS variation due to strong chemical interaction between graphene and substrate. This interaction is also reflected in the peculiar band structure of graphene probed by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). Based on LEED data the structure is close to (7√3 × 7√3)R30°, with graphene being slightly corrugated. We found that similarly to the graphene on metals, the chemical interaction between graphene and TiC can be weakened by means of intercalation of oxygen atoms underneath graphene.We thank Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) for the allocation of synchrotron radiation beamtimes at the Russian-German and UE112-PGM2 beamlines. The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 16-42-01093). DFT calculations were performed at “Lomonosov” MSU supercomputer.Peer reviewe

Construction and On-site Performance of the LHAASO WFCTA Camera

The focal plane camera is the core component of the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence Telescope Array (WFCTA) of the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Because of the capability of working under moonlight without aging, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been proven to be not only an alternative but also an improvement to conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in this application. Eighteen SiPM-based cameras with square light funnels have been built for WFCTA. The telescopes have collected more than 100 million cosmic ray events and preliminary results indicate that these cameras are capable of working under moonlight. The characteristics of the light funnels and SiPMs pose challenges (e.g. dynamic range, dark count rate, assembly techniques). In this paper, we present the design features, manufacturing techniques and performances of these cameras. Finally, the test facilities, the test methods and results of SiPMs in the cameras are reported here.Comment: 45 pages, 21 figures, articl

Amidinate Aluminium Complexes as Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates

A series of inexpensive and sustainable amidinate aluminium complexes has been developed as catalysts for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates. The reactions using terminal epoxides as substrates were carried out at room temperature and one bar of carbon dioxide pressure in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide as cocatalyst in the absence of solvent. Under these reaction conditions, excellent conversions and selectivities were achieved for a broad range of terminal epoxides. Moreover, the optimal catalyst could be used for the synthesis of disubstituted cyclic carbonates from internal epoxides and carbon dioxide, highlighting the potential of these amidinate aluminium complexes as catalysts

Regioselectivity Issues in the Addition of Grignard Reagents to Trifluoromethylated α-Bromoenones

International audienceIn contrast to non‐fluorinated α‐bromoenones their fluorinated analogs react with alkyl and arylmagnesium bromides leading to saturated CF3‐ketones as major reaction adducts. The regioselectivity of addition depends strongly on the nature of the Grignard reagent.The regioselectivity of addition of organomagnesium reagents to trifluoromethylated α‐bromoenones is reported. Alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents undergo 1,4‐ and/or 1,2‐addition but, in contrast to non‐fluorinated α‐bromoenones, the former direction is dominant for these fluorinated analogs. The high 1,4‐regioselectivity observed in most cases reflects the influence of the trifluoromethyl group on the direction of nucleophilic attack

Captodative Formyl Enamines in a New Synthesis of Tertiary α-Amino Esters

A strategy to create the –CH(NR2)CO- moiety from captodative formyl enamines was successfully applied to the synthesis of tertiary α-amino esters