35 research outputs found

    Conflicts of interest in Parliament

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    La finalidad de este estudio se orienta a la juridificación del conflicto de intereses en los parlamentos bien a través de mecanismos de self restraint o externalizados. Su planteamiento se centra en la ineficacia de las respuestas actuales al conflicto de intereses (declaraciones patrimoniales, régimen de incompatibilidades, regulación de lobbies). Por esta razón, se fundamenta la traslación al escenario parlamentario de las soluciones jurídicas del Derecho comparado (Códigos de conducta parlamentarios, deber de lealtad), del ordenamiento privado (deber de abstención, anulación del acto, rendición de cuentas...) y la aplicación analógica de los principios de buen gobierno previstos para los altos cargos. De igual modo, la proyección penal del conflicto de intereses como sustrato de delitos de corrupción presiona para la tipificación de esta figura en sede parlamentaria. Las anomalías y disfunciones del poder representativo constituyen una laguna parlamentaria de obligada y eficaz respuesta jurídica.La finalitat d'aquest estudi s'orienta a la normativització del conflicte d'interessos en els parlaments bé a través de mecanismes de self restraint o externalitzats. El seu plantejament se centra en la ineficàcia de les respostes actuals al conflicte d'interessos (declaracions patrimonials, règim d'incompatibilitats, regulació de lobbies). Per aquesta raó, es fonamenta la translació a l'escenari parlamentari de les solucions jurídiques del Dret comparat (Codis de conducta parlamentaris, deure de lleialtat), de l'ordenament privat (deure d'abstenció, anul·lació de l'acte, rendició de comptes...) i l'aplicació analògica dels principis de bon govern previstos per als alts càrrecs. De la mateixa manera, la projecció penal del conflicte d'interessos com a substrat de delictes de corrupció pressiona per a la tipificació d'aquesta figura en seu parlamentària. Les anomalies i disfuncions del poder representatiu constitueixen una llacuna parlamentària d'obligada i eficaç resposta jurídica.  The goal of this study is to focus on the legal mechanisms covering conflicts of interest in Parliament via either self-restraint or outsourced mechanisms. Its approach centres on the ineffectiveness of current responses to conflicts of interest (declarations of financial interests, system governing incompatibilities and the regulation of lobbies). For this reason, it is based upon the transfer to parliament of the legal solutions of comparative law (parliamentary codes of conduct, the duty of loyalty, etc.), private law (duty of abstention, annulment of an act, accountability, etc.) and the analogous application of the principles of good governance applicable to senior officials. Additionally, the penal implications of conflicts of interest as an underlying aspect of crimes of corruption provide additional support for the classification in law of such conflicts in parliament. The anomalies and shortcomings of the legislature constitute a parliamentary deficiency that calls for an effective legal response

    La responsabilidad social como estrategia de innovación docente universitaria: objetivos y metodología de una educación sostenible

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    The projection in university teaching of social progress and leads to citizen demands social responsibility as a strategy of educational innovation. The University of the XXI century faces the challenges of a new educational model according to social and based on the values of sustainability, equality, solidarity ... The reorientation of university learning requires environmental education expectations, however, new methodologies and previous training of teachers in the development of skills and training socially responsible students. The mainstreaming of social responsibility and sustainability facilitates generalization grades, postgraduate and masters and specialization of doctorates. The educational potential of social responsibility and sustainability prevents compartmentalization and contributes to the integral formation of university students.La proyección en la docencia universitaria del progreso social y las demandas ciudadanas deriva en la Responsabilidad Social como estrategia de innovación educativa. La Universidad del siglo XXI se enfrenta a los retos de un nuevo modelo educativo acorde a las expectativas sociales y basado en los valores de sostenibilidad, igualdad, solidaridad...La reorientación del aprendizaje universitario a la educación ambiental exige, sin embargo, nuevas metodologías y formación previa del profesorado en el desarrollo de las competencias para la capacitación socialmente responsable del alumnado. La transversalidad de la Responsabilidad Social y de la sostenibilidad facilita su generalización en los grados, postgrados y máster, así como en la especialización de los doctorados. El potencial educativo de la Responsabilidad Social y de la sostenibilidad impide su compartimentación disciplinar y contribuye a la formación integral del alumnado universitario

    Reforma de la administración local y problemática jurídico-constitucional

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    El derecho autonómico de participación ciudadana: un enfoque constitucional y su desarrollo legislativo

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    In recent years we have witnessed an effort to revitalize the citizens’ participation in the making of decisions in Spain’s autonomies in order to build up a direct and interactive democracy that should make an efficient complement to the representative democracy. The reactivation of the constitutional law to take part in the public matters constitutes a priori the precise response to the expectations and civil demands in the current context of social indifference. The present text analyzes the right of civil participation from the vision of the constitutional jurisprudence, as well as the most important legislative innovations. Keywords: Citizen participation. Constitutional jurisprudence. Autonomic community.En los últimos años estamos asistiendo a un intento de revitalizar la participación ciudadana en el nivel territorial autonómico, con el objeto de configurar una democracia directa y participativa que sirva de complemento eficaz a la democracia representativa. La reactivación del derecho constitucional a participar en los asuntos públicos constituye a priori la respuesta precisa a las expectativas y demandas ciudadanas en el actual contexto de desafección social. El presente trabajo analiza el derecho de participación ciudadana desde la visión de la jurisprudencia constitucional, así como las novedades legislativas más importantes. Palabras clave: Participación ciudadana. Jurisprudencia constitucional. Comunidades Autónomas

    La participación en el espacio público y su problemàtica constitucional. Breves consideraciones en torno a los «escraches» y a las sentencias sobre el denominado «asedio» al Parlamento de Cataluña

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    La actual crisis de la representación y de los partidos políticos tradicionales trae causa de la profunda desafección imperante hacia el sistema político, debido tanto a la gestión de la crisis económica e institucional como a la reiteración de episodios de corrupción. En este contexto, los derechos fundamentales de manifestación, reunión y expresión han actuado como vehículo de expresión de no pocas demandas y frustraciones sociales. En concreto, el desplazamiento hacia el espacio público de buena parte de las reclamaciones ciudadanas en forma de "escraches" o de insólitas y multitudinarias protestas ante la institución parlamentaria no sólo revela la deficiente canalización de la participación por conductos institucionalizados sino que ha intensificado la conflictividad política y generado una problemática constitucional que es la que aborda el presente trabajo

    Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

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    This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

    Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

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    Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

    La transparencia en el derecho autonómico: Un análisis constitucional.

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    The development of the public information in the autonomous area across laws of transparency presents a constitutional dimension. The possible maladjustment to the Constitution and to the near Law of state Transparency they raise a problematics concerning the ownership of the rights of information, the restrictions of his area of application and with regard to the limits and guarantees established by the autonomous legislator. The deficiencies and controversies that the autonomous legislation of transparency generates are analyzed from a constitutional perspective.El desarrollo de la información pública en el ámbito autonómico a través de leyes de transparencia presenta una dimensión constitucional. La posible desadaptación a la Constitución y a la próxima Ley de Transparencia estatal plantean una problemática en torno a la titularidad de los derechos de información, las restricciones de su ámbito de aplicación y respecto de los límites y garantías establecidos por el legislador autonómico. Las deficiencias y controversias que genera la legislación autonómica de transparencia se analizan desde una perspectiva constitucional
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