Kinematic study of planetary nebulae in NGC 6822

By measuring precise radial velocities of planetary nebulae (which belong to the intermediate age population), H II regions, and A-type supergiant stars (which are members of the young population) in NGC 6822, we aim to determine if both types of population share the kinematics of the disk of H I found in this galaxy. Spectroscopic data for four planetary nebulae were obtained with the high spectral resolution spectrograph Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) on the Magellan telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Data for other three PNe and one H II region were obtained from the SPM Catalog of Extragalactic Planetary Nebulae which employed the Manchester Echelle Spectrometer attached to the 2.1m telescope at the Observatorio Astron\'omico Nacional, M\'exico. In the wavelength calibrated spectra, the heliocentric radial velocities were measured with a precision better than 5-6 km s$^{-1}$. Data for three additional H II regions and a couple of A-type supergiant stars were collected from the literature. The heliocentric radial velocities of the different objects were compared to the velocities of the H i disk at the same position. From the analysis of radial velocities it is found that H II regions and A-type supergiants do share the kinematics of the H I disk at the same position, as expected for these young objects. On the contrary, planetary nebula velocities differ significantly from that of the H I at the same position. The kinematics of planetary nebulae is independent from the young population kinematics and it is closer to the behavior shown by carbon stars, which are intermediate-age members of the stellar spheroid existing in this galaxy. Our results are confirming that there are at least two very different kinematical systems in NGC 6822

Condrosarcoma metatarsiano: aportación de un caso

Se presenta un caso de condrosarcoma de bajo grado de malignidad, de localización y evolución inusual. Se revisa la literatura y los criterios disponibles en la actualidad para el diagnóstico de estas lesiones controvertidas tanto histológica como clínicamente.We report a low grade chondrosarcoma with atypical behaviour and localitation. The main histologic features in the diagnosis of these controversial lesion are discussed

Universal prototype for adapting from conventional centrifugal fertilizer to variable-rate spreader

Congreso Agroingeniería 2015. Orihuela (Alicante). 1 a 3 de junio de 2015La Agricultura de Precisión constituye un nuevo paradigma en la agricultura de hoy. A objetivos como el aumento de la productividad o de la eficiencia económica, se les unen otros en auge como el respeto medioambiental y un riguroso control en la seguridad alimentaria. En general las técnicas de agricultura de precisión requieren de un mejor conocimiento de las necesidades del cultivo y del suelo, y también del empleo de la maquinaria más adecuada que tenga en cuenta la variabilidad espacial y temporal en las necesidades de los cultivos. En este contexto, este estudio tiene como objetivo principal, el diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de una plataforma universal para controlar una abonadora centrífuga convencional mediante un monitor comercial inicialmente diseñado para el control de barras de pulverización de productos líquidos, lo que permite la adaptación dinámica de la cantidad de fertilizante sólido según las necesidades reales del cultivo. Para el desarrollo del sistema de control fue necesario realizar una caracterización de la abonadora mediante pruebas de calibración del sistema dosificador. También se han desarrollado los distintos módulos de hardware (módulo para el control de los discos, interacción con el sistema de control de líquidos comercial, etc.) necesarios para automatizar las acciones que se realizan durante el funcionamiento de la máquina. Para la gestión del sistema se utiliza la plataforma de hardware libre de bajo coste Arduino que resulta fácilmente adaptable para otras abonadoras, desarrollando un software capaz de gestionar el resto de componentes. Finalmente se monta todo el conjunto a bordo del tractor y se realizan las pruebas de funcionamiento. Se comprobó que el sistema trabaja correctamente, con una respuesta adecuada, consiguiendo automatizar el proceso de variar la dosis durante la marcha de forma eficaz.Como se observa en estos primeros resultados, la utilización de este equipo como elemento importante en una aplicación variable de insumos, puede suponer una reducción económica y del impacto medioambiental de la operación, además de permitir una distribución mas racional del nitrógeno u otros fertilizantes en campo, algo sin duda de especial relevancia en sistemas modernos de producción.Precision Agriculture represents a new paradigm in modern agriculture. To objective such as increasing productivity and economic efficiency, are joined other arising objective as the environmental concern. Precision agriculture techniques require a better understanding of crop and soil needs, and the use of precise machinery that take into account the spatial-temporal variability across fields. In these terms, the goal of this study was the design, development and evaluation of a universal platform to control a conventional disc fertilizer spreader, and thus able to manage the amount of fertilizer on the go. A specific on-field calibration was necessary to determine the spreader settings for a given type of fertilizer. The components of the hardware modules (control system of disks, interaction with sections control system, etc.) capable of automating actions performed in operation of the spreader were developed. The control system was developed based on an open-source and low-cost microcontroller-board (Arduino), which could be adapted easily to other spreader model, and a firmware capable to control the hardware components. Once installed on-board, field tests were provided to investigate the proper functioning and response time (approx. 1 sec) of the control system and achieve automate the process of varying the fertilizer dose on the go. As noted these preliminary results, the utilization of this prototype as an essential part of a variable input application may found an economic reduction in fertilizer operation and environmental impact, and allows the control of nitrogen or other fertilizer in fields, techniques that definitely significant in modern agriculture production systems

Estudio refractométrico y conoscópico de las gemas facetadas transparentes birrefringentes de la colección del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona

This work is a revision of faceted transparent birrefringent gems detailed in the catalogue of the collection of the Museu de Geologia published in 2000. The process use figures of interference as especially convincing method for a correct identification of these kind of gems. The Conoscope Figueras 93 is especially suitable for a clear and correct observation of figures of interference. The gemmological refractometer has been used for refractometric readings. Key words: Faceted gems, Figures of interference, Conoscope, Birrefringence, Refractometry, Catalogue, Museu de Geologia, Barcelona, Spain.Este trabajo recoge una revisión de las gemas facetadas birrefringentes del Museo de Geología de Barcelona, detalladas en un catálogo publicado en el año 2000. En el proceso de revisión se utilizan las figuras de interferencia como método más convincente para la correcta identificación de este tipo de gemas, estando el conoscopio Figueras 93 especialmente indicado para la mejor observación de estas figuras. Para las lecturas refractométricas se ha usado el refractómetro gemológico. Palabras clave: Gemas facetadas, Figuras de interferencia, Conoscopio, Birrefringencia, Refractometría, Catálogo, Museu de Geologia, Barcelona, España

Swinging Atwood's Machine: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

A Swinging Atwood Machine (SAM) is built and some experimental results concerning its dynamic behaviour are presented. Experiments clearly show that pulleys play a role in the motion of the pendulum, since they can rotate and have non-negligible radii and masses. Equations of motion must therefore take into account the inertial momentum of the pulleys, as well as the winding of the rope around them. Their influence is compared to previous studies. A preliminary discussion of the role of dissipation is included. The theoretical behaviour of the system with pulleys is illustrated numerically, and the relevance of different parameters is highlighted. Finally, the integrability of the dynamic system is studied, the main result being that the Machine with pulleys is non-integrable. The status of the results on integrability of the pulley-less Machine is also recalled.Comment: 37 page

Low-lying magnetic loops in the solar internetwork

The aim of this work is to study the structure of the magnetic field vector in the internetwork and search for the presence of small-scale loops. We invert 1.56 micron spectropolarimetric observations of internetwork regions at disc centre by applying the SIR code. This allows us to recover the atmospheric parameters that play a role in the formation of these spectral lines. We are mainly interested in the structure of the magnetic field vector. We find that many opposite polarity elements of the internetwork are connected by short (2-6''), low-lying (photospheric) loops. These loops connect at least the 10-20 % of the internetwork flux visible in our data. Also we have some evidence that points towards a dynamic scenario which can be produced by the emergence of internetwork magnetic flux.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A letter

Association of shivering threshold time with body composition and brown adipose tissue in young adults

Purpose: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases metabolic heat production in response to cold exposure. Body size and composition are involved in the human cold response, yet the influence of BAT herein have not fully been explored. Here, we aimed to study the association of the cold-induced shivering threshold time with body composition, BAT, the perception of shivering and skin temperature in young adults. Methods: 110 young healthy adults (81 females; age = 21.7 ± 2.1 years, BMI = 24.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2) underwent 2 h of individualized cooling, followed by the quantification of BAT using a18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan. Body mass index (BMI), lean mass, fat mass and body surface area (BSA) were also measured. Shivering threshold time was defined as the time until shivering occurred using an individualized cooling protocol. Results: The shivering threshold time was on average 116.1 min for males and 125.8 min for females, and was positively associated to BMI (β = 3.106; R2 = 0.141; p = 0.001), lean mass (β = 2.295; R2 = 0.128; p = 0.001) and fat mass (β = 1.492; R2 = 0.121; p = 0.001) in females, but not in males (all p ≥ 0.409). The shivering threshold time was positively associated with BSA in males (p = 0.047) and females (p = 0.001), but it was not associated with BAT volume or [18F]FDG uptake nor with the perception of shivering and skin temperature perception in both sexes. Conclusion: The shivering threshold time is positively associated with whole-body adiposity and lean mass in females, but not in males. The shivering threshold time was positively associated with BSA, but no association was observed with BAT nor with the perception of shivering or skin temperature. Future research should consider the influence of body composition when applying cooling protocols among individuals with different phenotypical features.Spanish Government PI13/01393 PTA 12264-IRetos de la Sociedad DEP 2016-79512-REuropean CommissionSpanish Government FPU 13/03410Fundacion Iberoamericana de Nutricion (FINUT)Redes Tematicas de Investigacion Cooperativa RETIC Red SAMID RD16/0022AstraZenecaUniversity of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016 - Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Plan Propio de Investigacion 2018: Programa ContratosPuenteJunta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades (ERDF) SOMM17/6107/UGRFundacion Carolina C.2016-574,961Fundacion Alfonso Martin EscuderoMinisterio de Universidades y la Union Europea-NextGenerationEU RR_C_2021_0

Epidemiology and spatio‐temporal analysis of West Nile virus in horses in Spain between 2010 and 2016

During the last decade, West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks have increased sharply in both horses and human in Europe. The aims of this study were to evaluate characteristics and spatio‐temporal distribution of WNV outbreaks in horses in Spain between 2010 and 2016 in order to identify the environmental variables most associated with WNV occurrence and to generate high‐resolution WNV suitability maps to inform risk‐based surveillance strategies in this country. Between August 2010 and November 2016, a total of 403 WNV suspected cases were investigated, of which, 177 (43.9%) were laboratory confirmed. Mean values of morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 7.5%, 1.6% and 21.2%, respectively. The most common clinical symptoms were as follows: tiredness/apathy, recumbency, muscular tremor, ataxia, incoordination and hyperaesthesia. The outbreaks confirmed during the last 7 years, with detection of WNV RNA lineage 1 in 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016, suggest an endemic circulation of the virus in Spain. The spatio‐temporal distribution of WNV outbreaks in Spain was not homogeneous, as most of them (92.7%) were concentrated in western part of Andalusia (southern Spain) and significant clusters were detected in this region in two non‐consecutive years. These findings were supported by the results of the space–time scan statistics permutation model. A presence‐only MaxEnt ecological niche model was used to generate a suitability map for WNV occurrence in Andalusia. The most important predictors selected by the Ecological Niche Modeling were as follows: mean annual temperature (49.5% contribution), presence of Culex pipiens (19.5% contribution), mean annual precipitation (16.1% contribution) and distance to Ramsar wetlands (14.9% contribution). Our results constitute an important step for understanding WNV emergence and spread in Spain and will provide valuable information for the development of more cost‐effective surveillance and control programmes and improve the protection of horse and human populations in WNV‐endemic areas.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio