Calidad de aceite de pulpa de Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart: alternativa para la producción de biodiesel en México

Objetivo: Caracterizar fisicoquímicamente aceite de pulpa de coyol como materia prima potencial para la producción de biodiesel. Diseño / metodología: Los frutos fueron colectados en ocho localidades entre las regiones de Chiapas y Oaxaca. Estos fueron procesados y separados en cascara, pulpa y almendra, colocados en bolsas y almacenados a 4°C. Para la caracterización fisicoquímica se utilizaron los métodos estandarizados y recomendados por las normas nacionales e internacionales. Los experimentos fueron realizados por triplicado, se realizó un análisis de varianza y comparación múltiple de medias con la prueba de Scott-Knott (p? 0.05) utilizando el programa R. Resultados: Se determinó el contenido de humedad y contenido de aceite de ocho colectas de Acrocomia aculeta. Además, se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente el aceite de pulpa de coyol de las ocho colectas, obteniendo valores altos en los ácidos grasos, que representa un parámetro que puede afectar el rendimiento para la obtención de biodiesel. Limitaciones/implicaciones: Los frutos de coyol recién cosechados deben ser almacenados inmediatamente para evitar la formación de ácidos grasos libres. Conclusiones: Los análisis fisicoquímicos del aceite de pulpa indican que son comparables a los aceites vegetales de buena calidad como soya, moringa, colza, dado el predominio de los ácidos grasos monoinsaturados, en particular del ácido oleico. La pulpa de A. aculeata de las colectas analizadas, son una excelente fuente de lípidos y con alto contenido de aceite y poseen buenas características fisicoquímicas, lo que representa su viabilidad como materia prima para la producción de biodiesel

Comportamiento productivo inicial del mangostán (Garcinia mangostana L.) en el Soconusco, Chiapas, México

Objective: To evaluate the initial productive behavior of mangosteen plantation in order to have reference elements on the productivity of this fruit tree in the region of Soconusco, Chiapas. Design/ Methodology: Mangosteen plantation was established during the year 2010 in the experimental station Rosario Izapa, Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas. From the beginning of the production stage and during four production cycles corresponding to the years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, production was quantified as the individual production of each of the 196 trees that make up the plantation. The start date of the flowering, beginning and end of the harvest, number of fruits / tree and weight of fruits / tree and yield were recorded. The analysis of variance was performed for the variables fruit / tree and fruit / tree weight, by means of an experimental design of blocks of chance with three repetitions. Results: The plantation began its productive stage at five years and six months of age. Flowering occurs during the January-February period. The harvest begins in the months of May-June and ends in the month of September. The highest volume of production is obtained during the month of August. At the first harvest a yield of 26.3 kg/ ha was obtained and an average of 11 fruits / tree that increases 1.6 ton / ha per year of establishment, with an average of 146 fruits / tree. Predominated the fruits whose weight range is 60 to 80 grams. Limitations of the study/Implications: It is necessary to carry on the evaluation in subsequent years. Findings/Conclusions: It is concluded that the mangosteen represents a viable alternative to diversify fruit growing in the region of Soconusco, Chiapas.Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento productivo inicial del mangostán Garcinia mangostana L., para disponer de elementos de referencia sobre la productividad de dicho frutal en la Región del Soconusco, Chiapas. Diseño/metodología: La plantación de mangostán se estableció en el año 2010 en el Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas. Desde el inicio de la etapa productiva y durante cuatro ciclos de producción correspondientes a los años 2015, 2016, 2017 y 2018, se registró la fecha de inicio de floración, inicio y término de cosecha, número de frutos árbol-1, peso de los frutos árbol-1 y rendimiento de cada uno de los 196 árboles que conforman la plantación. Se realizó el análisis de varianza para la variable frutos árbol-1 mediante un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Resultados: La plantación inició su etapa productiva a los 5.5 años de edad. La cosecha inicia en mayo-junio y concluye en septiembre. El mayor volumen de producción se obtiene durante agosto. A la primera cosecha el rendimiento fue de 26.3 kg ha-1 con promedio de 11 frutos árbol-1 que se incrementa a 1.6 ton ha-1 al año 8 del establecimiento de la plantación, con un promedio de 146 frutos árbol-1. Predominaron frutos con rango de peso de 60 a 80 g. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Es necesario continuar con la evaluación en años subsiguientes. Hallazgos/conclusiones: El mangostán representa una alternativa productiva viable para diversificar la fruticultura en la región del Soconusco, Chiapas

Composición nutricional en hojas de 20 genotipos de Moringa oleifera Lam

Objective: Determine the nutritional composition of fresh and dehydrated leaves of 20 Moringa oleifera Lam genotypes. Design/morphology/approach: The vegetative material was obtained from three-year-old trees of 20 genotypes of Moringa oleifera, stablished in the Experimental station Rosario Izapa of INIFAP. For the proximal analysis, the standardized methods recommended by national and international standards were used. Results: The highest nutrient content was found in the dehydrated leaves, in which high average contents of crude protein were found (26.9 g/100g); calcium (2560.8 mg/100g); iron (12.5 mg/100g) and potassium (1976 mg/100g), as well as acceptable average crude fiber contents (9.5 g/ 100/g); fat (5.7 g/100g); carbohydrates (42.9 g/100g); energy value (330.4 kcal/ 100g); zinc (4.9 mg/100g); sodium (95.1 mg/100g); magnesium (408.3 mg/100g) and phosphorus (271.6 mg/100g). The highest contents of crude protein, zinc, potassium and phosphorus, iron and calcium were registered in the genotypes RIMOR10 and RIMOR 6. Limitations on the study /implications:  It is necessary to verify the nutritional content of moringa leaves in other environmental conditions different from the study area. Findings/conclusions: Dehydrated moringa leaves have a high content of crude protein, iron, calcium and potassium, as well as acceptable contents of crude fiber, fat, carbohydrates, energy value, zinc, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus, higher than other foods, so that its consumption is considered a viable alternative to complement the traditional diet to reduce the problem of malnutrition in Mexico.Objetivo: Determinar la composición nutricional de hojas frescas y deshidratadas de 20 genotipos de Moringa Moringa oleifera Lam. Diseño/metodología/: El material vegetal se obtuvo de árboles de tres años de edad de 20 genotipos de Moringa oleifera, establecidos en el Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa del INIFAP. Para el análisis proximal se utilizaron los métodos estandarizados y recomendados por las normas nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: El mayor contenido de nutrientes se encontró en las hojas deshidratadas, con contenidos promedio altos de proteína cruda (26.9 g/100/g); calcio (2560.8 mg/100g); hierro (12.5 mg/100g) y potasio (1976 mg/100g), así como contenidos promedio aceptables de fibra cruda (9.5 g/100/g); grasa (5.7 g/100g); carbohidratos (42.9 g/100/g); valor energético (330.4 Kcal/100g); zinc (4.9 mg/100g); sodio (95.1 mg/100g); magnesio (408.3 mg/100g) y fósforo (271.6 mg/100g). Los mayores contenidos de proteína cruda, zinc, potasio y fósforo, hierro y calcio se registraron en los genotipos RIMOR 10 y RIMOR 6. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Se considera necesario verificar el contenido nutricional de hojas de moringa, en otras condiciones de ambiente diferentes a las del área de estudio. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Las hojas deshidratadas de moringa poseen un alto contenido de proteína cruda, hierro, calcio y potasio, así como contenidos aceptables de fibra cruda, grasa, carbohidratos, valor energético, zinc, sodio, magnesio y fósforo, superior al de otros alimentos, por lo que su consumo se considera una alternativa viable como complemento de la dieta tradicional para reducir el problema de desnutrición en México

Effectiveness of autologous lipoinjection into the hand to improve function in patients with scleroderma: pilot study

Background: Scleroderma is a rare disease of the tissues that is characterized for being inflammatory and developing fibrosis in the skin. Typically, this disease affects middle-aged women.Methods: A study was conducted in which 10 patients with scleroderma with involvement in the sclerotic stage were included. One of the hands was chosen randomly for treatment with fatty graft processed by Coleman technique and the other hand, physiological solution was placed. Patients were evaluated at 45 and 90 days after the procedure using the Cochin Hand Functional Scale (CHFS) questionnaire, modified Rodnan scale for the skin (mRSS), grip strength with dynamometer and measurement of fingertip to palm of hand in flexion.Results: The average of CHFS before treatment was 42.30 and 25.70 at 90 days p=0.007. The average strength in the experimental hand before treatment was 11.67 and 14.58 at 90 days p=0.007, in the control hand p=0.873. The mean finger-palm tip distance before treatment was 44.80 and from 36.00 to 90 days p=0.019, in the control hand p=0.149. There is a significant difference in the degree of severity at 90 days of the mRSS of the back of the hands p=0.011 and phalanges p=0.000 between the patients with lipoinjection and physiological solution.Conclusion: Significant improvement was observed in patients with scleroderma treated with autologous lipoinjection

Caracterización morfoagronómica de coyol (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.) para determinar su potencial productivo de aceite para biodiesel

Objective: To characterize morphologically natural populations of Acrocomia aculeata to determine the potential production of oil for biodiesel. Design/morphology/approach: Eight natural populations of the species were selected in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. As descriptors 25 quantitative and qualitative characters were selected. The analysis of the main components and hierarchical conglomerates was performed with the PRINCOMP and PROC CLUSTER procedures of SAS, respectively. The dendrogram of groups of populations with morphological similarities was generated. Results: The first three main components explain 69.4% of the total morphological variation. CP1 explained 29.6% of the total variation with the characters stem diameter, mesocarp thickness, seed length, seed width, seed length-width ratio, seed thickness and seed weight. CP2 explained 26.1% of the variation, with the characters fruit width, fruit length, mesocarp color, and oil content in the mesocarp. CP3 explained 13.7% of the variation with the length of the rachis, epicarp color and endocarp color. The eight populations were integrated into five morphologically distinct groups. Limitations on the study/implications: It is necessary to expand the number of populations for greater precision on the diversity of the species in Mexico. Findings/conclusions: A wide genetic diversity of A. culeata was found. The variables that mostly explain this diversity correspond to the fruit and seed. The species represents a viable alternative for obtaining inputs for the production of biodiesel in Mexico.Objetivo: Caracterizar morfológicamente poblaciones naturales de Acrocomia aculeata para determinar su potencial para la producción de aceite para biodiesel. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se seleccionaron ocho poblaciones naturales de la especie en los estados de Chiapas y Oaxaca. Como descriptores se seleccionaron 25 caracteres cuantitativos y cualitativos. El análisis de componentes principales y conglomerados jerárquico se realizó con los procedimientos PRINCOMP y PROC CLUSTER de SAS, respectivamente. Se generó el dendograma de grupos de poblaciones con similitudes morfológicas. Resultados: Los tres primeros componentes principales explican el 69.4% de la variación morfológica total. El CP1 explicó el 29.6% de la variación total con los caracteres diámetro del tallo, grosor del mesocarpio, longitud de semilla, ancho de semilla, relación longitud-ancho de semilla, grosor de la semilla y peso de semilla. El CP2 explicó el 26.1% de la variación, con los caracteres ancho del fruto, largo del fruto, color del mesocarpio y contenido de aceite en el mesocarpio. El CP3 explicó el 13.7% de la variación con los caracteres longitud de raquis, color de epicarpio y color de endocarpio. Las ocho poblaciones se integraron en cinco grupos morfológicamente distintos. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Es necesario ampliar el número de poblaciones para una mayor precisión sobre la diversidad de la especie en México. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Se encontró una amplia diversidad genética en A. aculeata. Las variables que mayormente explican dicha diversidad corresponden al fruto y semilla. La especie representa una opción viable para la obtención de aceite para la producción de biodiesel en México

A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex-determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX/XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. The fshr gene displayed differential expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 nonsynonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testisEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (AQUA-FAANG). Grant Number: 81792. Junta de Andalucía-FEDER Grant. Grant Number: P20-00938. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER Grants. Grant Numbers: RTI2018-096847-B-C21, RTI2018-096847-B-C22S

Bioavailability and systemic transport of oleanolic acid in humans, formulated as a functional olive oil

14 Páginas.-- 6 Figuras.-- 2 TablasEvidence of the pharmacological activity of oleanolic acid (OA) suggests its potential therapeutic application. However, its use in functional foods, dietary supplements, or nutraceuticals is hindered by limited human bioavailability studies. The BIO-OLTRAD trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled study with 22 participants that received a single dose of 30 mg OA formulated as a functional olive oil. The study revealed that the maximum serum concentration of OA ranged from 500 to 600 ng mL-1, with an AUC0-∞ value of 2862.50 ± 174.50 ng h mL-1. Furthermore, we discovered a physiological association of OA with serum albumin and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). UV absorption spectra showed conformational changes in serum albumin due to the formation of an adduct with OA. Additionally, we demonstrated that TRL incorporate OA, reaching a maximum concentration of 140 ng mL-1 after 2-4 hours. We conjecture that both are efficient carriers to reach target tissues and to yield high bioavailability.This research is part of the R+D+i project PID2019-107837RB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Spanish National Research Agency, grant number MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. A. G.-G. is grateful for funding received from the “Next Generation EU” funds, the European Union through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan and by the Ministry of Universities, in the framework of the Margarita Salas, Maria Zambrano grants for the Requalification of the Spanish University System 2021–2023, organized by the Pablo de Olavide University, Seville. J. J. R.-M. obtained an Erasmus+ scholarship (No. 2021-1-IT02-KA131-HED-000008483) from the University of Sassari (ITALY), for a stay at the Department of Food and Health of the Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC. The authors especially thank the ACESUR Group (Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain), which donated the commercial olive oil for the trial. This collaborator had no role in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Peer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Aprendizajes y prácticas educativas en las actuales condiciones de época: COVID-19

“Esta obra colectiva es el resultado de una convocatoria a docentes, investigadores y profesionales del campo pedagógico a visibilizar procesos investigativos y prácticas educativas situadas en el marco de COVI-19. La misma se inscribe en el trabajo llevado a cabo por el equipo de Investigación responsable del Proyecto “Sentidos y significados acerca de aprender en las actuales condiciones de época: un estudio con docentes y estudiantes de la educación secundarias en la ciudad de Córdoba” de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. El momento excepcional que estamos atravesando, pero que también nos atraviesa, ha modificado la percepción temporal a punto tal que habitamos un tiempo acelerado y angustiante que nos exige la producción de conocimiento provisorio. La presente publicación surge como un espacio para detenernos a documentar lo que nos acontece y, a su vez, como oportunidad para atesorar y resguardar las experiencias educativas que hemos construido, inventado y reinventando en este contexto. En ella encontrarán pluralidad de voces acerca de enseñar y aprender durante la pandemia. Este texto es una pausa para reflexionar sobre el hacer y las prácticas educativas por venir”.Fil: Beltramino, Lucia (comp.). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Archivología; Argentina

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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