Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Nine Spanish Monovarietal Olive Oils: An Emphasis on Wax Esters

Olive oil is an essential part of the so-called “Mediterranean diet”, purportedly one of the healthiest gastronomic traditions in the world. The wax content in olive oil is regulated under European Union directives, and it is used as a purity parameter for extra-virgin and virgin olive oils. The wax profile may also help the characterization of monovarietal olive oils. In this study, monovarietal oils were extracted from the fruits of nine native Spanish olive varieties (‘Arbequina’, ‘Argudell’, ‘Empeltre’, ‘Farga’, ‘Manzanilla’, ‘Marfil’, ‘Morrut’, ‘Picual’ and ‘Sevillenca’), and their chemical and sensory attributes were determined. Total wax content in oil was cultivar-dependent and ranged widely between 26 (‘Manzanilla’) and 144 mg kg−1 (‘Arbequina’), while it was negligible in ‘Picual’ oil. The wax ester fraction was comprised largely of phytol-containing diterpene esters, with phytyl vaccinate and phytyl arachidate being the most common components of this non-polar fraction in all nine olive oils assessed. A direct relationship between phytyl esters and the sensory perception of “ripe fruit” notes was also observed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Salamanca, escuela de juristas: Estudios sobre la enseñanza del derecho en el Antiguo Régimen

Se reúne en este libro un conjunto de quince trabajos relacionados con los estudios jurídicos en la Universidad de Salamanca desde mediados del siglo XVI hasta los inicios del XIX. En su mayoría corresponden a una línea de investigación iniciada en 1991 por la autora con la publicación de unos tratados y prácticas procesales utilizados como materiales docentes en el siglo XVI, que ponían en cuestión la tradicional visión historiográfica (muy influenciada por la crítica de los reformistas ilustrados del siglo XVIII) acerca de la formación universitaria de los juristas en el Antiguo Régimen y el presunto carácter exclusivamente teórico y romanista de las enseñanzas jurídicas. Lejos de ese planteamiento, los resultados aquí expuestos ponen de manifiesto la plena adecuación de los métodos y contenidos de los estudios en Salamanca a la realidad jurídica del momento y la atención al derecho patrio y la práctica que se garantizaba en ellos. Cuestiones aquí tratadas son también las salidas profesionales de los juristas, los estudios universitarios de Manuel Belgrano y la respuesta de la Universidad de Salamanca a la Constitución de Cádiz

On the destruction of the vassalage symbols in Salamanca

Study of the genesis and implementation in Salamanca of the decree dated on May 26th, 1813 by which the Cortes generales y extraordinarias from Cádiz commanded the town halls to destroy the existing vassalage symbols in its own terms, as a consequence of the abolition of the feudal system (August 6th, 1811).Estudio de la génesis y aplicación en Salamanca del decreto de las Cortes generales y extraordinarias de Cádiz que, con fecha 26 de mayo de 1813, ordenó a los ayuntamientos destruir los signos de vasallaje existentes en sus términos, como consecuencia de la abolición del régimen señorial (decreto de 6 de agosto de 1811)

Prevalencia de prediabetes en adultos de la comunidad de Pueblo Nuevo, Acambay en el periodo de agosto 2011 a julio de 2012

Introducción: La prediabetes debería ser vista como un estado en La historia natural del metabolismo alterado de la glucosa, más que una entidad clínica distintiva, representando una condición interina y como un factor de riesgo, presagiando el desarrollo de diabetes (alto riesgo para diabetes) y un aumento en complicaciones cardiovasculares y posiblemente microvasculares. Objetivo: Determinar Ia prevalencia de prediabetes en adultos de la población de Pueblo Nuevo, Acambay. Material y método: Se revisaron Los expedientes del Centro de Salud Rural Disperso Pueblo Nuevo, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de nuestra investigación, se llenó la hoja de recolección de datos por cada paciente que se presentó, se tomó en cuenta edad, género, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura, glucosa en ayuno, posprandial, colesterol y triglicéridos. Resultados y conclusiones: No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre Las variables, se encontró que el género femenino presenta la alteración metabólica en mayor porcentaje que el género masculino; el rango de edad más afectado fue el de 50-59 años; el índice de masa corporal que más se asoció fue el de sobrepeso (25-29.9 Kg/rn2), el rango de circunferencia de cintura que se encontró con más frecuencia fue el de > 80 cm en mujeres, el tipo de dislipidemia que se presenta con mayor frecuencia fue La hipertrigliceridemia. La prevalencia de prediabetes en el rango de edad de 30-39 años se encontró en 0.4%, en el rango de 40-49 años fue de 1.2%, de 50-59 años de 3.4%, 60-69 años fue de 3% y finalmente, 3.6% en el rango de 70 y más

Caracterización geográfica de los aceites de oliva vírgenes de la denominación de origen protegida ’Les Garrigues’ por su perfil de ácidos grasos

Main fatty acid composition from Les Garrigues (Lleida. Spain) virgin olive oils were evaluated in three consecutive harvests (1995/96 to 1997/98). Results show that the variability is due to climate events and geographical area of production. Principal Components Analysis was applied to fatty acid composition of olive oil classified in two agroclimate geographical zones. The two first principal components accounting for 80 percent of the variance. A stepwise selection algorithm in discriminant analysis was used to obtain one discriminating function amongst the two zones. Above 83 % for the 188 observations used to fit the model were correctly classified. To verify the model, 20 additional oil samples from 1998/99 harvest were added to the data set and 84,6 % were correctly classified.Se ha analizado el perfil de ácidos grasos en 190 muestras de aceite de oliva virgen de la DOP Les Garrigues (Lleida) de tres campañas consecutivas (1995/96, 1996/97 y 1997/98). Se ha encontrado que la mayor variabilidad entre los ácidos grasos es debida a aspectos relacionados con la climatología de la campaña oleícola y con la procedencia de los aceites. El análisis de componentes principales ha permitido obtener dos componentes principales que explican más del 80 % de la variabilidad observada. La representación de los aceites según sus componentes principales, permite separar aceites procedentes de dos subzonas con diferencias agroclimáticas. Se ha aplicado un análisis discriminante paso a paso y se ha obtenido una función que ha permitido clasificar correctamente en la subzona de procedencia más del 83 % de los 188 aceites. El modelo ha sido validado con 20 muestras de aceites procedentes de la campaña 1998/99, habiéndose clasificado correctamente el 84,6 % de las muestras

El régimen jurídico de la abogacía en Castilla (siglos XIII-XVIII)

Reimpresión 2014Bajo este título se reedita un trabajo publicado en 1998 en los Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l´Histoire Comparative des Institutions (vol. LXV, L’assistance dans la résolution des conflicts. Quatrième partie, L’Europe médievale et moderne), en el que se traza un panorama de la evolución histórica de la abogacía y los abogados en la Corona de Castilla, considerando los requisitos personales y las condiciones de ingreso, la función y el ejercicio de la abogacía, la retribución, el régimen de la responsabilidad y los privilegios de los abogados. La edición se ha completado con un extenso apéndice normativo, en el que se recogen la gran mayoría de las disposiciones que recibió la abogacía en la Corona de Castilla a lo largo de su historia

Increased resting energy expenditure by fat-free mass in children and teenagers with constitutional leanness

Producción CientíficaTo compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and the REE/Fat-free-mass (FFM) quotient in children with constitutional leanness (CL) and children with normal body weight, and to describe the within-family clustering of CL. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: We have studied 18 children and teenagers with CL, 10 girls and 8 boys, and 18 gender and age matched normal controls, with the same pubertal stage. All were recruited from the outpatient pediatric clinic nutrition unit. None of the children with CL showed symptoms of chronic illness, they had normal laboratory results, they had a normal caloric food intake, and they did not agree with the DSM-IV-TR criteria for anorexia nervosa. We describe the body mass index (BMI) of children and their parents. The children were classified according to Cole's recently published BMI cut-offs for thinness: under 18.5 points in CL group, stable at least in the last year, and between 18.5 and 25 cutt-offs in the control group. The body composition was calculated by anthropometric methods (skinfold thickness measurements). In addition REE was measured using fasting indirect calorimetry. The CL group had a higher mean percentage of FFM, and a mean FM significantly less, relative to controls (p < 0.001). The average absolute REE was significantly lower in the CL group (1,106.55 ± 240.72 kcal) than the control group (1,353.33 ± 270.01 kcal/dia) (p < 0.01). However, the REE adjusted for FFM showed a mean significantly greater in the CL group (41.39 ± 2.26 kcal/kg FFM) (Mean confidence interval (CI) 95 %: 40.33-42.45) than the controls (37.37 ± 3.06 kcal/kg FFM) (Mean CI 95 %: 35.93-38.81) (p < 0.001). Finally, in the family study, the mean BMI of fathers of CL group was significantly lower (p < 0.01), but there were not any differences in the mean BMI of mothers. Among parents with BMI known, 8 of 35 parents of CL group had an BMI lower 18.5, and only 2 of 36 parents in the control group (p < 0.05). This increased energy expenditure-to-FFM ratio differentiates between CL and controls. These metabolic differences are probably genetically determined

Molecular and morphological characterization of local apple cultivars in Southern Spain

The number of local and traditional fruit cultivars in Andalusia (Southern Spain) has decreased dramatically since the 1970s when new commercial cultivars from breeding programs were introduced, replacing old varieties, and thus decreasing genetic diversity. The present study was included in a genetic resources project with the objective of identifying and preserving traditional fruit tree cultivars in Southern Spain. The goal of this study was to begin the characterization of 29 apple accessions (Malus x domestica Borkh) belonging to 13 traditional cultivar denominations. For molecular characterization studies, 12 simple sequence repeat markers previously developed for apple species were used. Morphological characterization was performed using 33 fruit traits. A total of 115 alleles were amplified for the 12 loci, ranging from 7 (CH01h01, CH01h10, and GD 12) to 13 alleles per locus (CH02c11). Forty-one alleles were unique to specific genotypes. The locus with the highest number of detected unique alleles was CH01f03b with 6 alleles. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.74 for CH01h10 to 0.88 for CH02c11, with an average of 0.82. Observed heterozygosity varied from 0.45 for CH01h01 to 1.0 for CH02d08, with an average of 0.86. Three homonyms were found for accessions belonging to varieties 'Maguillo', 'Pero Minguela', and 'Castellana'. The most discriminant morphological characters studied revealed no homonyms or synonyms among cultivar denominations, although they are useful for describing varietal characteristics that have not been previously definedFEDER RF-2007-00027-C06-0

Frailty, Complexity, and Priorities in the Use of Advanced Palliative Care Resources in Nursing Homes

Background and objectives: This study aimed to determine the frailty, prognosis, complexity, and palliative care complexity of nursing home residents with palliative care needs and define the characteristics of the cases eligible for receiving advanced palliative care according to the resources available at each nursing home. Materials and Methods: In this multi-centre, descriptive, and crosssectional study, trained nurses from eight nursing homes in southern Spain selected 149 residents with palliative care needs. The following instruments were used: the Frail-VIG index, the case complexity index (CCI), the Diagnostic Instrument of Complexity in Palliative Care (IDC-Pal), the palliative prognosis index, the Barthel index (dependency), Pfeiffer’s test (cognitive impairment), and the Charlson comorbidity index. A consensus was reached on the complexity criteria of the Diagnostic Instrument of Complexity in Palliative Care that could be addressed in the nursing home (no priority) and those that required a one-off (priority 2) or full (priority 1) intervention of advanced palliative care resources. Non-parametric tests were used to compare non-priority patients and patients with some kind of priority. Results: A high percentage of residents presented frailty (80.6%), clinical complexity (80.5%), and palliative care complexity (65.8%). A lower percentage of residents had a poor prognosis (10.1%) and an extremely poor prognosis (2%). Twelve priority 1 and 14 priority 2 elements were identified as not matching the palliative care complexity elements that had been previously identified. Of the studied cases, 20.1% had priority 1 status and 38.3% had priority 2 status. Residents with some kind of priority had greater levels of dependency (p < 0.001), cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), and poorer prognoses (p < 0.001). Priority 1 patients exhibited higher rates of refractory delirium (p = 0.003), skin ulcers (p = 0.041), and dyspnoea (p = 0.020). Conclusions: The results indicate that there are high levels of frailty, clinical complexity, and palliative care complexity in nursing homes. The resources available at each nursing home must be considered to determine when advanced palliative care resources are required