L'action sociale des catholiques en France (1871-1901).

Kat.1

Autour des méthodes quantitatives, numériques et informatiques (Méthodologie en histoire des sciences)

Dans ce chapitre, sept points sont abordés : - Première approche ; - Les pièges ; - Un article programmatique en histoire des mathématiques ; - Choisir de constituer une base de données ; - Étude de cas n°1 : l'exemple du Répertoire bibliographique des sciences mathématiques - Étude de cas n°2 : la base de données des auteurs des Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques ; - Étude de cas n°3 : l'exemple de la philosophie des sciences entre 1870 et 1930

Assessment of consequences of sediment deficit on a gravel river bed downstream of dams in restoration perspectives: application of a multicriteria, hierarchical and spatially explicit diagnosis

International audienceAs regards river restoration, it is fundamental to better link human pressures and environmental responses and to take into consideration not only target species or habitat but diverse ecological elements. This permits to assess sustainable restoration plan, especially concerning sediment augmentation below dams. The use of a hierarchical multicriteria approach on the Ain River permits us to assess a diagnosis of sediment deficit impact integrating several morphological (channel shifting, river bed degradation and river bed coarsening) and ecological components (Riparian and floodplain lake and fish communities). Our diagnosis also integrates a temporal and spatial approach better to link human pressures and environmental responses and to identify the dam effects amongst other drivers (e.g. grazing decline and channel regulation). The results confirm causality links between sediment deficit and slight channel bed degradation (0.01m.year-1) or channel bed paving and thus highlight the impact of the dam on the drying of the riparian forest and on former channel community. However, the relationship between incision and reduction in active channel lateral mobility is more difficult to establish. The role of sediment deficit in the current variability of the riparian regeneration capacity and, thereby, landscape diversity along the lower valley remains unclear. This study also confirms the relevance of using different ecological indicators, notably because all components present different adjustment time scales, whereas some of them are more sensitive to other impacts

Méthodologie en histoire des sciences

Cette ressource de méthodologie en histoire des sciences comprends 6 parties : - Les journaux scientifiques : Philippe Nabonnand - Université de Lorraine - Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie -Archives Poincaré (UMR 7117) ; - Archives orales : entretien, corpus, récit : Pierre Teissier - Maître de conférences en histoire des sciences et des techniques - Université de Nantes - Réalisation : PAM : Pôle Audiovisuel & Multimédia ; - Les correspondances scientifiques : Philippe Nabonnand, Olivier Bruneau, Alexandre Hoquet, Laurent Rollet - Université de Lorraine - UFR SHS Département de philosophie - Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie - Archives Poincaré (UMR 7117) ; - Les images comme sources en histoire des sciences et des techniques : Pierre Teissier - Maître de conférences en histoire des sciences et des techniques - Université de Nantes - Remerciements à Jenny Boucard, Anaël Marrec et à Gérard Meyer pour leurs conseils avisés ; - Autour des méthodes quantitatives, numériques et informatiques : Jules Henri Greber, Philippe Nabonnand, Laurent Rollet - Université de Lorraine – Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie - Archives Poincaré (UMR 7117) ; - Lire et utiliser une édition critique : Stéphane Tirard - Université de Nantes - Centre François Viète - Épistémologie et histoire des sciences et des techniques- Entretien avec Jenny Boucard - Historienne des sciences. La question centrale de la formation est celle de la source : comment la chercher, la traiter, et développer un esprit critique dans ce traitement. L’autre aspect de la formation concerne les productions scientifiques : rédaction et exposés. L’objectif est donc de former de futurs chercheurs en histoire des sciences, et/ou d’accompagner de jeunes chercheurs en histoire des sciences.

Structure and dynamics in yttrium-based molten rare earth alkali fluorides

International audienc

Sn-based alloys synthesized in an ionic liquid at room temperature : Cu6Sn5 as a case study

International audienceSn‐based alloys are increasingly investigated owing to possible electronic/structural modulations of interest for electrocatalysis and energy storage applications. Here, we report on the use of a chemical system consisting of an ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐ methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide: [EMIm+][TFSI−]) and Sn‐based precursor Sn(TFSI)2 both featuring similar anionic groups. This strategy increases the solubility of the cationic precursor in the IL and avoids the formation of side‐products during the precipitation of Sn‐nanoparticles formed upon reaction with a reducing agent (NaBH4). Using NMR relaxometry, we further established that these nanoparticles are stabilized by specific interactions with the cationic group of the IL. Targeting the composition Cu6Sn5, we further demonstrated that this approach can be used to prepare Sn‐based alloys which could not be prepared using conventional chloride‐based precursors

Sn-based alloys synthesized in an ionic liquid at room temperature : Cu6Sn5 as a case study

Sn‐based alloys are increasingly investigated owing to possible electronic/structural modulations of interest for electrocatalysis and energy storage applications. Here, we report on the use of a chemical system consisting of an ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐ methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide: [EMIm+][TFSI−]) and Sn‐based precursor Sn(TFSI)2 both featuring similar anionic groups. This strategy increases the solubility of the cationic precursor in the IL and avoids the formation of side‐products during the precipitation of Sn‐nanoparticles formed upon reaction with a reducing agent (NaBH4). Using NMR relaxometry, we further established that these nanoparticles are stabilized by specific interactions with the cationic group of the IL. Targeting the composition Cu6Sn5, we further demonstrated that this approach can be used to prepare Sn‐based alloys which could not be prepared using conventional chloride‐based precursors