Customer preferences versus managerial decision-making in open innovation communities: the case of Starbucks

Customers can participate in open innovation communities posting innovation ideas, which in turn can receive comments and votes from the rest of the community, highlighting user preferences. However, the final decision about implementing innovations corresponds to the company. This paper is focused on the customers’ activity in open innovation communities. The aim is to identify the main topics of customers’ interests in order to compare these topics with managerial decision-making. The results obtained reveal first that both votes and comments can be used to predict user preferences; and second, that customers tend to promote those innovations by reporting more comfort and benefits. In contrast, managerial decisions are more focused on the distinctive features associated with the brand imageJunta de Andalucia. Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo P12-SEJ-328Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2013-43856-

Actividad física durante embarazo, su relación con la edad gestacional materna y el peso de nacimiento

Históricamente la relación entre la actividad física y el embarazo no ha estado completamente clara. La gran cantidad de estudios científicos no han producido suficientes hallazgos que otorguen información clara y concreta sobre la dosis adecuada de ejercicio durante la gestación. El presente trabajo pretende conocer la relación entre los hábitos de actividad física durante el embarazo y la edad gestacional materna al momento del parto, así como el peso del recién nacido. Se ha utilizado un estudio de tipo transversal, de casos y controles, retrospectivo, 473 mujeres del área de Madrid han sido entrevistadas, edad entre 17 y 41 años, (media= 31,9±4). Todas ellas caucásicas y de origen hispano. Nuestros resultados muestran en el grupo de casos una edad gestacional similar (273±9,1 días) al de control (278±9,5), y recién nacidos con pesos inferiores (3171±443) que las que no desarrollan ningún tipo de actividad física regular o programada (3289±583) (p=0,01). El ejercicio físico desarrollado durante el embarazo reduce aparentemente el peso del recién nacido y no tiene influencia en la edad gestacional matern

Estudos de validade da escala de percepções positivas e negativas sobre efeitos do álcool

OBJECTIVE To describe the process of elaboration and validation of the Scale of Perceptions about Alcohol Consumption in Higher Education Students in a Portuguese sample, considering the relationship between alcohol use rates and students' perceptions about the effects of this consumption. METHODS The validation study included 531 Portuguese college freshmen who answered the instrument, which is composed of five items that express positive perceptions and five items that express negative perceptions about the effects of alcohol consumption. RESULTS Evidence of content validity, internal structure and external variables were obtained. The results of the factor analysis confirm the distribution of positive and negative perceptions by two different factors according to the theoretical model. Adequate internal consistency indexes were obtained for each dimension. The data obtained showed expected correlations between the perceptions and consumption behaviors of the students, indicating evidence of criterion validity of the scale. Moreover, the study showed that different consumption patterns between men and women, with higher alcohol consumption in the students' households and restaurants or cafés by male students, in addition to the similarity in the consumption pattern between the two genders in parties and bars or nightclubs. CONCLUSION The data obtained show the validity of the instrument. In the discussion, the article presents considerations about the responsibility of higher education institutions in the prevention and reduction in consumption rates among their students.OBJETIVO: Considerando a relação entre as taxas de uso de álcool e as percepções dos estudantes sobre os efeitos desse consumo, descrever o processo de elaboração e validação da Escala de Percepções sobre o Consumo de Álcool em Estudantes do Ensino Superior em uma amostra portuguesa. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo de validade 531 estudantes portugueses do primeiro ano do ensino superior que responderam ao instrumento, composto por cinco itens que expressam percepções positivas e cinco itens que expressam percepções negativas sobre os efeitos do consumo de álcool. RESULTADOS: Evidências de validade de conteúdo, de estrutura interna e baseadas em variáveis externas foram obtidas. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmam a distribuição das percepções positivas e negativas por dois fatores diferenciados em acordo com o modelo teórico de partida. Índices adequados de consistência interna foram obtidos para cada dimensão. Os dados obtidos mostraram correlações esperadas entre as percepções e os comportamentos de consumo dos estudantes, indicando evidências de validade de critério da escala. Em acréscimo, o estudo indicou haver padrões de consumo diferenciados entre os sexos, registando-se maior consumo de álcool nas residências e nos restaurantes ou cafés por parte dos homens, além de similaridade entre os dois sexos no padrão de consumo em festas e bares ou discotecas. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos evidenciam a validade do instrumento. Na discussão dos dados, o artigo apresenta considerações sobre a responsabilidade das instituições de ensino superior na prevenção e redução das taxas de consumo entre a sua população estudantil. DESCRITORES: Adulto Jovem. Educação Superior. Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas, psicologia. Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde. Inquéritos e Questionários. Estudos de Validação.This study is funded by CIEd - Centro de Investigacao em Educacao, project UID/CED/01661/2019, Institute of Education, Universidade de Minho, through national funds of FCT/MCTES-PT. Joana R. Casanova receives funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology, through a doctoral fellowship with the reference SFRH/BD/117902/2016

Alliance free and alliance cover sets

A \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance} in $\Gamma=(V,E)$ is a set $S\subseteq V$ such that every $v$ in $S$ (in the boundary of $S$) has at least $k$ more neighbors in $S$ than it has in $V\setminus S$. A set $X\subseteq V$ is \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance free,} if for all defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance $S$, $S\setminus X\neq\emptyset$, i.e., $X$ does not contain any defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance as a subset. A set $Y \subseteq V$ is a \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) $k$-\emph{alliance cover}, if for all defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance $S$, $S\cap Y\neq\emptyset$, i.e., $Y$ contains at least one vertex from each defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance of $\Gamma$. In this paper we show several mathematical properties of defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance free sets and defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance cover sets, including tight bounds on the cardinality of defensive (offensive) $k$-alliance free (cover) sets

Blends of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) with Fruit Pulp Biowaste Derived Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate-co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate) for Organic Recycling Food Packaging

[EN] In the present study, a new poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx)] terpolyester with approximately 68 mol% of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 17 mol% of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 15 mol% of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) was obtained via the mixed microbial culture (MMC) technology using fruit pulps as feedstock, a processing by-product of the juice industry. After extraction and purification performed in a single step, the P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx) powder was melt-mixed, for the first time, in contents of 10, 25, and 50 wt% with commercial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Thereafter, the resultant doughs were thermo-compressed to obtain highly miscible films with good optical properties, which can be of interest in rigid and semirigid organic recyclable food packaging applications. The results showed that the developed blends exhibited a progressively lower melting enthalpy with increasing the incorporation of P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx), but retained the PHB crystalline morphology, albeit with an inferred lower crystalline density. Moreover, all the melt-mixed blends were thermally stable up to nearly 240 degrees C. As the content of terpolymer increased in the blends, the mechanical response of their films showed a brittle-to-ductile transition. On the other hand, the permeabilities to water vapor, oxygen, and, more notably, limonene were seen to increase. On the overall, this study demonstrates the value of using industrial biowaste derived P(3HB-co-3HV-co-3HHx) terpolyesters as potentially cost-effective and sustainable plasticizing additives to balance the physical properties of organic recyclable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based food packaging materialsThis research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICI) project RTI2018-097249-B-C21 and by the EU H2020 BBI JU project USABLE PAKAGING (reference number 836884)Melendez-Rodriguez, B.; Torres-Giner, S.; Reis, MAM.; Silva, F.; Matos, M.; Cabedo, L.; Lagarón, JM. (2021). Blends of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) with Fruit Pulp Biowaste Derived Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate-co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate) for Organic Recycling Food Packaging. Polymers. 13(7):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071155S11913

Energy Consumption Analysis Of Machining Centers Using Bayesian Analysis And Genetic Optimization

Responding to the current urgent need for low carbon emissions and high efficiency in manufacturing processes, the relationships between three different machining factors (depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle rate) on power consumption and surface finish (roughness) were analysed by applying a Bayesian seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model. For the analysis, an optimization criterion was established and minimized by using an optimization algorithm that combines evolutionary algorithm methods with a derivative-based (quasi-Newton) method to find the optimal conditions for energy consumption that obtains a good surface finish quality. A Bayesian ANOVA was also performed to identify the most important factors in terms of variance explanation of the observed outcomes. The data were obtained from a factorial experimental design performed in two computerized numerical control (CNC) vertical machining centers (Haas UMC-750 and Leadwell V-40iT). Some results from this study show that the feed rate is the most influential factor in power consumption, and the depth of cut is the factor with the stronger influence on roughness values. An optimal operational point is found for the three factors with a predictive error of less than 0.01% and 0.03% for the Leadwell V-40iT machine and the Haas UMC-750 machine, respectively

Estudio in vivo de la oxidación mitocondrial en pacientes obesos tratados mediante restricción calórica

La restricción calórica es la terapia nutricional más frecuente en el tratamiento de la obesidad, cuya eficacia depende de la respuesta oxidativa del organismo para evitar la modificación del peso corporal. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinarin vivo la oxidación mitocondrial de voluntarios obesos, antes y después de adelgazar, utilizando el test en aliento con 2-ceto[1-13C]isocaproato. El estudio se realizó en 32 voluntarios de ambos sexos: 16 controles (índice de masa corporal: 19,0-27,0 kg/m2), y 16 obesos (índice de masa corporal: 30,0-41,6 kg/m2) que siguieron un período de restricción calórica (-500 kcal) durante 10 semanas. El test con 2-ceto[1-13C]isocaproato se realizó antes y después del tratamiento, a partir de la ingestión de 1 mg/kg de trazador y 20 mg/kg de L-leucina, disueltos en 200 mL de zumo de naranja. Antes y después de la ingestión (cada 10 minutos durante 2 horas), se tomaron muestras de aliento en las que se midió el enriquecimiento en13C mediante espectrometría de masas de relación isotópica. A partir de estas determinaciones se calculó el porcentaje de trazador oxidado en las mitocondrias (%13C). Los obesos tendieron a oxidar un porcentaje menor de trazador que los controles (25,1 ± 5,5% vs 27,5 ± 4,0% p = 0,175). Tras el período de intervención, la pérdida de peso medio fue -7,8 ± 3% (p < 0,001), y se acompañó de un aumento significativo en la oxidación del trazador (25,1 ± 5,5% vs 34,3 ± 5,2% p < 0,001). De hecho, el peso corporal y el porcentaje de 2-ceto[1-13C]isocaproato oxidado fueron inversamente proporcionales (r = -0,34, p = 0,018). Por tanto, el test en aliento con 2-ceto[113-C]isocaproato detectó in vivo la adaptación de la oxidación mitocondrial en obesos tratados mediante restricción calórica, ofreciendo una información complementaria sobre la pérdida de peso

We have good control of the patiens treated with acenocoumarol

Introducción: el INR (cociente normalizado internacional) es el examen estandarizado para expresar el tiempo de protrombina, valida la eficacia de la anticoagulación oral. Objetivo conocer el TRT (tiempo en rango terapéutico). MATERIAL y métodos: realizado en Bolbaite, área rural. Variables: edad, sexo, diagnóstico y TRT directo y de Rosendaal. Estadística: la media en variables cualitativas y porcentaje en cuantitativas. RESULTADOS: los pacientes en control de la anticoagulación son 27. El TRT directo el 51.85% mal controlado, el TRT de Rosendaal 55,5% están inadecuadamente controlados. CONCLUSIONES: Control de TRT directo y TRT de Rosendaal bajo segun recomendaciones de los órganos institucionales.Introduction: the INR (International Normalized Ratio) is the test standardized to express the time of prothrombin, valid the efficacy of the anticoagulation oral. Objective to know the TRT (time in therapeutic range). MATERIAL and method: accomplished in Bolbaite, area rural. Variables: age, sex, diagnosis and TRT direct and the of Rosendaal. Statistics the average percentages in qualitative and quantitative variables. RESULTS: patients in control of anticoagulation are 27. The TRT direct the 51.85% poorly controlled, the TRT of Rosendaal the 55.5% are inadequately controlled. CONCLUSIONS: The direct TRT Control and TRT of Rosendaal low with institutional bodies recommendations

The rise in Climate-Smart Agriculture strategies, policies, partnerships and investments across the globe

Since the term ‘climate-smart agriculture’ (CSA) was coined in 2010, a growth in strategies, policies, partnerships and investments in the area has been observed. Here we have summarised key CSA efforts globally and in South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Africa, West Africa, and Latin America. We have interpreted CSA in the broad sense, including efforts which may not mention CSA but implicitly contribute to CSA pillars. We note that many international and regional organisations, and countries, are implementing policies and programmes promoting and upscaling CSA. While the growth in strategies, policies, partnerships and investments is positive and creates a favourable enabling environment for CSA, these need to be complemented with targeted implementation on the ground, sustainable financing, institutional coordination and metrics to measure the efficacy of interventions