3,373 research outputs found
Weak Interaction Studies with 6He
The 6He nucleus is an ideal candidate to study the weak interaction. To this
end we have built a high-intensity source of 6He delivering ~10^10 atoms/s to
experiments. Taking full advantage of that available intensity we have
performed a high-precision measurement of the 6He half-life that directly
probes the axial part of the nuclear Hamiltonian. Currently, we are preparing a
measurement of the beta-neutrino angular correlation in 6He beta decay that
will allow to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model in the form of
tensor currents.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, proceedings for the Eleventh Conference on the
Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2012
N/P ratio in the PEI2-GNP-DNA complex affects transgene delivery in the human cornea in vitro
Recently, we discovered that polyethylenimine-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI2- GNP) could be used as gene therapy vector for the cornea. It was hypothesized that DNA concentration, incubation timing and PEI monomer amount in transfection solution affect gene transfer efficiency and toxicity. The aims of this study were to test whether molar ratio of PEI2 nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) of DNA in PEI2-GNP transfection solution regulates transgene delivery in human corneal fibroblasts in vitro, and examine PEI2-GNP toxicity, uptake and clearance for the cornea in vivo."National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda for RO1EY017294 (RRM), Diversity (RRM) and Veteran Health Affairs Merit (RRM) grants and Unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York
Impact of EMA regulatory label changes on systemic diclofenac initiation, discontinuation, and switching to other pain medicines in Scotland, England, Denmark, and The Netherlands
Purpose: In June 2013 a European Medicines Agency referral procedure concluded that diclofenac was associated with an elevated risk of acute cardiovascular events and contraindications, warnings, and changes to the product information were implemented across the European Union. This study measured the impact of the regulatory action on the prescribing of systemic diclofenac in Denmark, The Netherlands, England, and Scotland. Methods: Quarterly time series analyses measuring diclofenac prescription initiation, discontinuation and switching to other systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), topical NSAIDs, paracetamol, opioids, and other chronic pain medication in those who discontinued diclofenac. Absolute effects were estimated using interrupted time series regression. Results: Overall, diclofenac prescription initiations fell during the observation periods of all countries. Compared with Denmark where there appeared to be amore limited effect, the regulatory action was associated with significant immediate reductions in diclofenac initiation in The Netherlands (−0.42%, 95% CI, −0.66% to −0.18%), England (−0.09%, 95% CI, −0.11% to −0.08%), and Scotland (−0.67%, 95% CI, −0.79% to −0.55%); and falling trends in diclofenac initiation in the Netherlands (−0.03%, 95% CI, −0.06% to −0.01% per quarter) and Scotland (−0.04%, 95% CI, −0.05% to −0.02% per quarter). There was no significant impact on diclofenac discontinuation in any country. The regulatory action was associated with modest differences in switching to other pain medicines following diclofenac discontinuation. Conclusions: The regulatory action was associated with significant reductions in overall diclofenac initiation which varied by country and type of exposure. There was no impact on discontinuation and variable impact on switching
A massive proto-cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z {\approx} 5.3
Massive clusters of galaxies have been found as early as 3.9 Billion years
(z=1.62) after the Big Bang containing stars that formed at even earlier
epochs. Cosmological simulations using the current cold dark matter paradigm
predict these systems should descend from "proto-clusters" - early
over-densities of massive galaxies that merge hierarchically to form a cluster.
These proto-cluster regions themselves are built-up hierarchically and so are
expected to contain extremely massive galaxies which can be observed as
luminous quasars and starbursts. However, observational evidence for this
scenario is sparse due to the fact that high-redshift proto-clusters are rare
and difficult to observe. Here we report a proto-cluster region 1 billion years
(z=5.3) after the Big Bang. This cluster of massive galaxies extends over >13
Mega-parsecs, contains a luminous quasar as well as a system rich in molecular
gas. These massive galaxies place a lower limit of >4x10^11 solar masses of
dark and luminous matter in this region consistent with that expected from
cosmological simulations for the earliest galaxy clusters.Comment: Accepted to Nature, 16 Pages, 6 figure
Exponential Metric Fields
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission will use advanced
technologies to achieve its science goals: the direct detection of
gravitational waves, the observation of signals from compact (small and dense)
stars as they spiral into black holes, the study of the role of massive black
holes in galaxy evolution, the search for gravitational wave emission from the
early Universe. The gravitational red-shift, the advance of the perihelion of
Mercury, deflection of light and the time delay of radar signals are the
classical tests in the first order of General Relativity (GR). However, LISA
can possibly test Einstein's theories in the second order and perhaps, it will
show some particular feature of non-linearity of gravitational interaction. In
the present work we are seeking a method to construct theoretical templates
that limit in the first order the tensorial structure of some metric fields,
thus the non-linear terms are given by exponential functions of gravitational
strength. The Newtonian limit obtained here, in the first order, is equivalent
to GR.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, 17 page
Magnetism and transport in transparent high-mobility BaSnO3 films doped with La, Pr, Nd, and Gd
We have explored the effect of magnetic rare-earth dopants substitutionally incorporated on the Ba sites of BaSnO3 in terms of electronic transport, magnetism, and optical properties. We show that for Ba0.92R0.08SnO3 thin films (where R=La,Pr,Nd,Gd), there is a linear increase of mobility with carrier concentration across all doping schemes. La-doped films have the highest mobilities, followed by Pr- and Nd-doped films. Gd-doped samples have the largest ionic size mismatch with the Ba site and correspondingly the lowest carrier concentrations and electron mobilities. However, crystallinity does not appear to be a strong predictor of transport phenomena; our results suggest that point defects more than grain boundaries are key ingredients in tuning the conduction of BaSnO3 films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Pronounced, nonhysteretic x-ray magnetic dichroism signals are observed for Pr-, Nd-, and Gd-doped samples, indicating paramagnetism. Finally, we probe the optical constants for each of the BaSnO3 doping schemes and note that there is little change in the transmittance across all samples. Together these results shed light on conduction mechanisms in BaSnO3 doped with rare-earth cations
Alpha scattering and capture reactions in the A = 7 system at low energies
Differential cross sections for He- scattering were measured in
the energy range up to 3 MeV. These data together with other available
experimental results for He and H scattering were
analyzed in the framework of the optical model using double-folded potentials.
The optical potentials obtained were used to calculate the astrophysical
S-factors of the capture reactions HeBe and
HLi, and the branching ratios for the transitions into
the two final Be and Li bound states, respectively. For
HeBe excellent agreement between calculated and
experimental data is obtained. For HLi a value
has been found which is a factor of about 1.5 larger than the adopted value.
For both capture reactions a similar branching ratio of has been obtained.Comment: submitted to Phys.Rev.C, 34 pages, figures available from one of the
authors, LaTeX with RevTeX, IK-TUW-Preprint 930540
Complete solutions to the metric of spherically collapsing dust in an expanding spacetime with a cosmological constant
We present semi-analytical solutions to the background equations describing
the Lema\^itre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) metric as well as the homogeneous Friedmann
equations, in the presence of dust, curvature and a cosmological constant
Lambda. For none of the presented solutions any numerical integration has to be
performed. All presented solutions are given for expanding and collapsing
phases, preserving continuity in time and radius. Hence, these solutions
describe the complete space time of a collapsing spherical object in an
expanding universe. In the appendix we present for completeness a solution of
the Friedmann equations in the additional presence of radiation, only valid for
the Robertson-Walker metric.Comment: 23 pages, one figure. Numerical module for evaluation of the
solutions released at
http://web.physik.rwth-aachen.de/download/valkenburg/ColLambda/ Matches
published version, published under Open Access. Note change of titl
Weak Interaction Studies ith \u3csup\u3e6\u3c/sup\u3eHe
The 6He nucleus is an ideal candidate to study the weak interaction. To this end we have built a high-intensity source of 6He delivering ∼1010 atoms/s to experiments. Taking full advantage of that available intensity we have performed a high-precision measurement of the 6He half-life that directly probes the axial part of the nuclear Hamiltonian. Currently, we are preparing a measurement of the beta-neutrino angular correlation in 6He beta decay that will allow to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model in the form of tensor currents. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC
The physical scale of the far-infrared emission in the most luminous submillimetre galaxies II: evidence for merger-driven star formation
We present high-resolution 345 GHz interferometric observations of two
extreme luminous (L_{IR}>10^{13} L_sun), submillimetre-selected galaxies (SMGs)
in the COSMOS field with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Both targets were
previously detected as unresolved point-sources by the SMA in its compact
configuration, also at 345 GHz. These new data, which provide a factor of ~3
improvement in resolution, allow us to measure the physical scale of the
far-infrared in the submillimetre directly. The visibility functions of both
targets show significant evidence for structure on 0.5-1 arcsec scales, which
at z=1.5 translates into a physical scale of 5-8 kpc. Our results are
consistent with the angular and physical scales of two comparably luminous
objects with high-resolution SMA followup, as well as radio continuum and CO
sizes. These relatively compact sizes (<5-10 kpc) argue strongly for
merger-driven starbursts, rather than extended gas-rich disks, as the preferred
channel for forming SMGs. For the most luminous objects, the derived sizes may
also have important physical consequences; under a series of simplifying
assumptions, we find that these two objects in particular are forming stars
close to or at the Eddington limit for a starburst.Comment: 9 pages, 3 Figures, submitted to MNRA
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