37 research outputs found
Uso de lacto suero en Sinergia con Sacharomyces Cerevisae como materia prima para la producción de Etanol a escala piloto, en el Laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química, UNAN-Managua, Julio 2014-Agosto 2015
El tema “Uso de lacto suero en sinergia con Saccharomyces cerevisiae como materia prima para la producción de etanol a escala piloto, en el laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química, UNAN-Managua, Julio 2014 - Agosto 2015” ha sido seleccionado ante la problemática contaminante que presenta el lacto suero para el medio ambiente.La Cooperativa Láctea Masiguito ubicada en el municipio de Camoapa cuenta con 5 tinas de desuerado, de las cuales se extrajo 1 litro de muestra por tina, almacenándolas en bolsas de plástico para determinar los parámetros físico-químicos del lacto suero. Las muestras se preservaron y trasladaron al Laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica (pabellón 11) donde se realizó su tratamiento e implementó la hidrólisis ácida y simultáneamente se preparó el inóculo de levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcurrida la hidrólisis se enriquecieron las muestras con fosfato de sodio monobásico monohidratado y se inocularon procediendo a la etapa fermentativa.
La cuantificación del etanol obtenido en la fermentación del lacto suero se realizó por cromatografía de gas con detector de ionización de llama, la diferencia en los resultados de los análisis entre cada muestra es significativa, estos resultados se relacionan con el pH corroborando la dependencia del mismo con respecto a la generación de etanol, descartando relación posible al contenido de sustrato y cantidad de levadura. Por lo antes mencionado el proceso de producción explicado por los autores demuestra que se puede obtener etanol a partir de lacto suero hidrolizado ácidamente en sinergia con Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Adenopatía inguinal a estudio: ¿debemos incluir siempre el linfogranuloma venéreo en el diagnóstico diferencial?
Lymphogranuloma venereum is a disease with a significant increase in prevalence in Spain in recent years, so it must be taken into account in the screening of sexually transmitted diseases. In this case, a patient with the presence of a unilateral inguinal adenopathy that denied risky sexual relations is shown. After the histological study of the adenopathy, which shows granulomatosis, and discarding tuberculosis, among other entities, Chlamydia trachomatis serology was requested, being positive, with a good clinical and serological response to the treatment.El linfogranuloma venéreo es una enfermedad con un importante aumento de prevalencia en España en los últimos años, de forma que debe tenerse en cuenta en el cribado de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. En este caso, se muestra un paciente con presencia únicamente de una adenopatía inguinal unilateral que negaba relaciones sexuales de riesgo. Tras el estudio histológico de la adenopatía, que mostraba granulomatosis, y tras descartar tuberculosis, entre otras entidades, se solicitó serología de Chlamydia trachomatis, que resultó positiva, con buena respuesta clínica y serológica al tratamiento.
Supervised Sentiment Analysis Algorithms
Sentiment analysis is used to analyse customer sentiment by the process of using natural language processing, text analysis, and statistics. A good customer survey understands the sentiment of their customers—what, how and why they’re saying it. Sentiment dataset can be found mainly in tweets, comments and reviews. Sentiment Analysis understands emotions with the help of software, and it is playing an inevitable role in today’s workplaces.
Sentiment analysis for opinion mining has become an emerging area where more research and innovations are done. Sentiment or opinion analysis based on a domain is done using several algorithms. Machine learning is a concept among this area. In this, the main focus is on the supervised sentiment analysis or opinion mining algorithms. Supervised learning is a division coming under machine learning. Different methods of supervised learning and sentiment analysis algorithms are considered and their mode of functioning is studied. Main focus of this paper is on the recent trends of research and studies for sentiment classification, taking into consideration the accuracy of different algorithmic techniques that can be implemented for accurate prediction in sentiment AnalysisCampus Lima Centr
Reflexión Política. Volumen 7 No. 14 de 2005
En el debate electoral venidero se va a practicar en Colombia la reforma política que en parte fue expedida por el Congreso tres años atrás (acto legislativo No. 1 de 2003), y la que zanjó la Corte Constitucional recientemente echando la base de un cambio indudablemente importante, al aprobar la reelección inmediata del Presidente de la República. Así se practica en
no pocos Estados que ponen de presente su madurez democrática. Cabe esperar, a juzgar por las tentativas conocidas, que en lo futuro tengamos también reelección de alcaldes municipales y de gobernadores seccionales, proyecto que aún carece de suficiente opinión favorable.In the upcoming electoral debate, the political reform that was partially issued by Congress three years ago (legislative act No. 1 of 2003) and which was recently settled by the Constitutional Court will be practiced in Colombia, laying the foundation for an undoubtedly change. important, by approving the immediate re-election of the President of the Republic. This is how it is practiced in not a few States that show their democratic maturity. It is to be expected, judging by the known attempts, that in the future we will also have re-election of municipal mayors and sectional governors, a project that still lacks sufficient favorable opinion
Identidad territorial : globalización y patrimonio
El presente libro analiza la relación entre los tres con¬ceptos que dan cuerpo a su nombre, con el fin parti¬cular de examinar los impactos que la globalización ha traído sobre el patrimonio construido. Con ello busca explorar los posibles caminos que, para la re¬flexión académica, la investigación aplicada o la polí¬tica pública, pudieran derivarse de las reflexiones que al respecto concentra aquí la mirada de numerosos investigadores provenientes de distintos países.
Sobre el particular, el trabajo ofrece un marco con¬ceptual desde donde se ha abordado el fenóme¬no, y a partir del cual se analizan temas como el pensamiento en red; los conflictos socio espaciales que genera el turismo; la relación entre identidad y memoria histórica, así como entre patrimonio y de¬rechos humanos; las tensiones y dilemas que sobre la identidad y el patrimonio trae la globalización y, finalmente, el tema del, denominado en el trabajo, “pensar situado”, como condición a la hora de estu¬diar y entender lo que frente al tema ocurre en cada contexto. Enfoque desde el cual se analizan casos en España, Portugal, Italia, Colombia, Perú, Ecuador, Brasil, Uruguay, Argentina, México, Croacia y, entre otros, Turquía, país, este último, donde los investiga¬dores en pleno efectuaron un trabajo de campo que, junto con las exploraciones en otros contextos, per¬mitió contrastar la teoría con la práctica y extrapolar desde aquí sus conclusiones.Resumen-Abstract.
CAPÍTULO 1. Identidad territorial: Elementos transversales y temas críticos, a manera de preámbulo y marco científico.
CAPÍTULO 2. Identidad territorial y globalización: Pensar en red. Un reto y un compromiso.
CAPÍTULO 3. Morir de éxito. Conflictos socioespaciales del turismo globalizado en ciudades patrimoniales.
CAPÍTULO 4. El patrimonio industrial y su compleja puesta en valor: Identidades y memorias en disputa.
CAPÍTULO 5. Patrimônio e direitos humanos: A ação do icomos no caso de Bento Rodrigues.
CAPÍTULO 6. Tensiones y dilemas de la identidad y el patrimonio en tiempos de globalización
CAPÍTULO 7. Identidad territorial, globalización y patrimonio en el valle del Colca, Arequipa, Perú.
CAPÍTULO 8. O dilema da patrimonialização em tempos de globalização: Cidade de Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
CAPÍTULO 9. Territorialización del paisaje cultural mexicano. Imaginarios y realidades ante la globalización.
CAPÍTULO 10. Temas críticos en la relación entre identidad territorial, globalización y patrimonio.
CAPÍTULO 11. Pensar situado, identidad territorial y patrimonio.
CAPÍTULO 12. Tensiones y desafíos para las relaciones entre lo local y lo global1a
Un examen actualizado de la percepción de las barreras para la implementación de la farmacogenómica y la utilidad de los pares fármaco/gen en América Latina y el Caribe
La farmacogenómica (PGx) se considera un campo emergente en los países en desarrollo. La investigación sobre PGx en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) sigue siendo escasa, con información limitada en algunas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, las extrapolaciones son complicadas, especialmente en poblaciones mixtas. En este trabajo, revisamos y analizamos el conocimiento farmacogenómico entre la comunidad científica y clínica de ALC y examinamos las barreras para la aplicación clínica. Realizamos una búsqueda de publicaciones y ensayos clínicos en este campo en todo el mundo y evaluamos la contribución de ALC. A continuación, realizamos una encuesta regional estructurada que evaluó una lista de 14 barreras potenciales para la aplicación clínica de biomarcadores en función de su importancia. Además, se analizó una lista emparejada de 54 genes/fármacos para determinar una asociación entre los biomarcadores y la respuesta a la medicina genómica. Esta encuesta se comparó con una encuesta anterior realizada en 2014 para evaluar el progreso en la región. Los resultados de la búsqueda indicaron que los países de América Latina y el Caribe han contribuido con el 3,44% del total de publicaciones y el 2,45% de los ensayos clínicos relacionados con PGx en todo el mundo hasta el momento. Un total de 106 profesionales de 17 países respondieron a la encuesta. Se identificaron seis grandes grupos de obstáculos. A pesar de los continuos esfuerzos de la región en la última década, la principal barrera para la implementación de PGx en ALC sigue siendo la misma, la "necesidad de directrices, procesos y protocolos para la aplicación clínica de la farmacogenética/farmacogenómica". Las cuestiones de coste-eficacia se consideran factores críticos en la región. Los puntos relacionados con la reticencia de los clínicos son actualmente menos relevantes. Según los resultados de la encuesta, los pares gen/fármaco mejor clasificados (96%-99%) y percibidos como importantes fueron CYP2D6/tamoxifeno, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioides, DPYD/fluoropirimidinas, TMPT/tiopurinas, CYP2D6/antidepresivos tricíclicos, CYP2C19/antidepresivos tricíclicos, NUDT15/tiopurinas, CYP2B6/efavirenz y CYP2C19/clopidogrel. En conclusión, aunque la contribución global de los países de ALC sigue siendo baja en el campo del PGx, se ha observado una mejora relevante en la región. La percepción de la utilidad de las pruebas PGx en la comunidad biomédica ha cambiado drásticamente, aumentando la concienciación entre los médicos, lo que sugiere un futuro prometedor en las aplicaciones clínicas de PGx en ALC.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region’s continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the “need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics”. Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%–99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC
RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true
Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities
Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery