Preventing Human Papilloma Virus through Community Education and Vaccination

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) affects many members of the community. To better educate the community in a participatory manner, engaging those outside of the health care arena is necessary. To prevent the spread of the disease in the United States, reaching the parents of children at the vulnerable age of 9–11 years of age is critical. The barriers to education of parents and children around the spread of a sexually transmitted disease are vast and difficult to overcome. However, the use of proven vaccinations give healthcare providers and community advocates the main tool for prevention of the spread of the disease. It is often taboo to discuss anything related to sexual promiscuity or sexual activity in the United States in the public schools. The biggest myth includes the fear parents and grandparents have is that if HPV is talked about, then the child may become sexually active sooner. This myth needs to be challenged with science and reality including taking on the those vehemently opposed to vaccines, known as “Anti-Vaxers” that obstruct vaccine education. The strategies utilized in public health outreach to the community should be reviewed and uniquely developed for each diverse community to overcome the challenges in the prevention of HPV

Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities

With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyze species' potential resistance to future mining and perform meta-analyses on population density and diversity recovery after disturbances most similar to mining: volcanic eruptions at vents, fisheries on seamounts, and experiments that mimic nodule mining on abyssal plains. We report wide variation in recovery rates among taxa, size, and mobility of fauna. While densities and diversities of some taxa can recover to or even exceed pre-disturbance levels, community composition remains affected after decades. The loss of hard substrata or alteration of substrata composition may cause substantial community shifts that persist over geological timescales at mined sites. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under the MIDAS project; FCT [IF/00029/2014/CP1230/CT0002, SFRH/ BPD/110278/2015]; Spanish RTD project NUREIEV [CTM2013-44598-R]; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SGR 1068]; Generalitat de Catalunya autonomous government; European Union Horizon research and innovation programme [689518]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID/MAR/04292/2013]; German Ministry of Research (BMBF) [03F0707A-G]; Program Investigador FCT [IF/01194/2013/CP1199/CT0002]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography

Arctic Ocean properties and processes are highly relevant to the regional and global coupled climate system, yet still scarcely observed, especially in winter. Team OCEAN conducted a full year of physical oceanography observations as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), a drift with the Arctic sea ice from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the program to characterize the Arctic Ocean system in unprecedented detail, from the seafloor to the air-sea ice-ocean interface, from sub-mesoscales to pan-Arctic. The oceanographic measurements were coordinated with the other teams to explore the ocean physics and linkages to the climate and ecosystem. This paper introduces the major components of the physical oceanography program and complements the other team overviews of the MOSAiC observational program. Team OCEAN’s sampling strategy was designed around hydrographic ship-, ice- and autonomous platform-based measurements to improve the understanding of regional circulation and mixing processes. Measurements were carried out both routinely, with a regular schedule, and in response to storms or opening leads. Here we present alongdrift time series of hydrographic properties, allowing insights into the seasonal and regional evolution of the water column from winter in the Laptev Sea to early summer in Fram Strait: freshening of the surface, deepening of the mixed layer, increase in temperature and salinity of the Atlantic Water. We also highlight the presence of Canada Basin deep water intrusions and a surface meltwater layer in leads. MOSAiC most likely was the most comprehensive program ever conducted over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. While data analysis and interpretation are ongoing, the acquired datasets will support a wide range of physical oceanography and multi-disciplinary research. They will provide a significant foundation for assessing and advancing modeling capabilities in the Arctic Ocean

Einsatz von behandelten Saatwickenkörnern (Vicia sativa L.) als eiweißreiches Futtermittel für Monogastrier im ökologischen Landbau (Verbundvorhaben)

Das Projekt Wickeiweiß hatte die Förderung der Körnerleguminose Saatwicke (Vicia sativa L.) als Ei-weißkomponente in der ökologischen Fütterung monogastrischer Nutztiere zum Ziel. Es wurden drei-jährige Anbauversuche mit den Sorten Berninova, Ina, Jaga, Slovena und Toplesa in Reinsaat und im Gemenge mit Sommerweizen, - triticale (2 Jahre) und -roggen (1 Jahr) durchgeführt. Die Slovena-Som-merweizen-Gemenge erzielten dabei meist die höchsten Gesamtkorn- (34-37 dt ha-1) und -rohprotei-nerträge (2017 & 2019 10,7 dt ha-1), welche meist bei Wickenanteilen von 30-50 %, in der Aussaatmi-schung erreicht wurden. Die Rohproteingehalte der Wicken betrugen 319-338 g kg-1, die Methio-nin+Cysteingehalte 5,2-5,8 g kg-1. Die Analytik der aufgrund ihrer starken antinutritiven Wirkung rele-vanten Cyanoalanintoxine wurde am Thünen-Institut für Ökologischen Landbau etabliert und zeigte Sortenunterschiede auf, mit γ-Glutamyl-ß-Cyanoalanin-Gehalten von 9,6 (Slovena) bis 12,9 g kg-1 (Jaga). Das Pyrimidinglycosid Convicin zeigte ebenfalls Sortenunterschiede, mit niedrigen Gehalten in den Hell-samigen (Toplesa 0,23, Ina 0,30 g kg-1), und den höchsten in der dunkelsamigen Slovena (1,1 g kg-1). Als Optionen zur Verbesserung des Futterwerts wurden die Keimung und Silierung der Saatwickenkörner untersucht. Die Silierung führte zu einer Reduktion antinutritiver Faktoren, die in vivo Verdaulichkeit bei Masthuhn und -schwein wurde dadurch aber nicht verbessert. Masthühner, Legehennen und Vor-mastschweine bevorzugten in Fütterungsversuchen mit der Sorte Slovena die behandelten Wicken, die freiwillige Aufnahme blieb aber moderat (Rationsanteile 9-13 % Keimgut, 7,7-10 % Silage). Bei Einmi-schung in pelletiertes Masthuhn-Futter konnten rohe Wicken bis zu 12,5 % eingesetzt werden. Zusam-menfassend kann die Verfütterung von rohen Saatwickenkörnern (Slovena) an monogastrische Nutz-tiere bei moderaten Rationsanteilen empfohlen werden, der Aufwand der Keimung oder Silierung er-scheint nicht gerechtfertigt

Einsatz von behandelten Saatwickenkörnern (Vicia sativa L.) als eiweißreiches Futtermittel für Monogastrier im ökologischen Landbau (Verbundvorhaben)

Das Projekt Wickeiweiß hatte die Förderung der Körnerleguminose Saatwicke (Vicia sativa L.) als Ei-weißkomponente in der ökologischen Fütterung monogastrischer Nutztiere zum Ziel. Es wurden drei-jährige Anbauversuche mit den Sorten Berninova, Ina, Jaga, Slovena und Toplesa in Reinsaat und im Gemenge mit Sommerweizen, - triticale (2 Jahre) und -roggen (1 Jahr) durchgeführt. Die Slovena-Som-merweizen-Gemenge erzielten dabei meist die höchsten Gesamtkorn- (34-37 dt ha-1) und -rohprotei-nerträge (2017 & 2019 10,7 dt ha-1), welche meist bei Wickenanteilen von 30-50 %, in der Aussaatmi-schung erreicht wurden. Die Rohproteingehalte der Wicken betrugen 319-338 g kg-1, die Methio-nin+Cysteingehalte 5,2-5,8 g kg-1. Die Analytik der aufgrund ihrer starken antinutritiven Wirkung rele-vanten Cyanoalanintoxine wurde am Thünen-Institut für Ökologischen Landbau etabliert und zeigte Sortenunterschiede auf, mit γ-Glutamyl-ß-Cyanoalanin-Gehalten von 9,6 (Slovena) bis 12,9 g kg-1 (Jaga). Das Pyrimidinglycosid Convicin zeigte ebenfalls Sortenunterschiede, mit niedrigen Gehalten in den Hell-samigen (Toplesa 0,23, Ina 0,30 g kg-1), und den höchsten in der dunkelsamigen Slovena (1,1 g kg-1). Als Optionen zur Verbesserung des Futterwerts wurden die Keimung und Silierung der Saatwickenkörner untersucht. Die Silierung führte zu einer Reduktion antinutritiver Faktoren, die in vivo Verdaulichkeit bei Masthuhn und -schwein wurde dadurch aber nicht verbessert. Masthühner, Legehennen und Vor-mastschweine bevorzugten in Fütterungsversuchen mit der Sorte Slovena die behandelten Wicken, die freiwillige Aufnahme blieb aber moderat (Rationsanteile 9-13 % Keimgut, 7,7-10 % Silage). Bei Einmi-schung in pelletiertes Masthuhn-Futter konnten rohe Wicken bis zu 12,5 % eingesetzt werden. Zusam-menfassend kann die Verfütterung von rohen Saatwickenkörnern (Slovena) an monogastrische Nutz-tiere bei moderaten Rationsanteilen empfohlen werden, der Aufwand der Keimung oder Silierung er-scheint nicht gerechtfertigt

Evaluating the sustainability of differentiated service delivery interventions for stable ART clients in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review protocol

Introduction In 2015, WHO recommended immediate treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIV). As a result, the number of PLHIV needing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) doubled from 12 million to over 25 million. This put a strain on already weak health systems and inspired the exploration of innovative service delivery models-differentiated service delivery (DSD). In DSD, services are tailored according to client clinical type and offer much-needed improvement in efficiency. The potential of achieving good outcomes for both clients and the health system plus the promise of sustainability motivates DSD promotion especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This review aims to evaluate the sustainability of DSD interventions. Methods and analysis We will systematically review peer-reviewed English literature published between 2000 and 2019 identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases. Main inclusion criteria comprise studies describing DSD interventions conducted in SSA focused on stable adult ART clients, whether described alone or compared with clinic-based service delivery. Quality of included studies will be assessed employing the Down and Black's and Joanne Briggs Institute checklists for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. We will apply a comprehensive sustainability framework including 40 individual constructs to evaluate, score and rank each intervention for sustainability. Narrative and quantitative synthesis will be conducted as appropriate. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required for this study as it is a review of published or publicly available data. Review results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019120891

Treatment of advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia, are we on the way to personalised medicine?

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (GEPNEN) comprises clinically as well as prognostically diverse tumour entities often diagnosed at late stage. Current classification provides a uniform terminology and a Ki67-based grading system, thereby facilitating management. Advances in the study of genomic and epigenetic landscapes have amplified knowledge of tumour biology and enhanced identification of prognostic and potentially predictive treatment subgroups. Translation of this genomic and mechanistic biology into advanced GEPNEN management is limited. 'Targeted' treatments such as somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are treatment options but predictive tools are lacking. The inability to identify clonal heterogeneity and define critical oncoregulatory pathways prior to therapy, restrict therapeutic efficacy as does the inability to monitor disease status in real time. Chemotherapy in the poor prognosis NEN G3 group, though associated with acceptable response rates, only leads to short-term tumour control and their molecular biology requires delineation to provide new and more specific treatment options.The future requires an exploration of the NEN tumour genome, its microenvironment and an identification of critical oncologic checkpoints for precise drug targeting. In the advance to personalised medical treatment of patients with GEPNEN, clinical trials need to be based on mechanistic and multidimensional characterisation of each tumour in order to identify the therapeutic agent effective for the individual tumour.This review surveys advances in NEN research and delineates the current status of translation with a view to laying the basis for a genome-based personalised medicine management of advanced GEPNEN

Binding of phosphatidylserine-positive microparticles by PSPRINGER NATURE classifies disease severity in COVID-19 patients

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with thromboinflammation, involving thrombotic and inflammatory responses, in many COVID-19 patients. In addition, immune dysfunction occurs in patients characterised by T cell exhaustion and severe lymphopenia. We investigated the distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker of dying cells, activated platelets and platelet-derived microparticles (PMP), during the clinical course of COVID-19. We found an unexpectedly high amount of blood cells loaded with PS+ PMPs for weeks after the initial COVID-19 diagnosis. Elevated frequencies of PS+PMP+ PSPRINGER NATUREs correlated strongly with increasing disease severity. As a marker, PS outperformed established laboratory markers for inflammation, leucocyte composition and coagulation, currently used for COVID-19 clinical scoring. PS+ PMPs preferentially bound to CD8+ T cells with gene expression signatures of proliferating effector rather than memory T cells. As PS+ PMPs carried programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), they may affect T cell expansion or function. Our data provide a novel marker for disease severity and show that PS, which can trigger the blood coagulation cascade, the complement system, and inflammation, resides on activated immune cells. Therefore, PS may serve as a beacon to attract thromboinflammatory processes towards lymphocytes and cause immune dysfunction in COVID-19