Retinyl palmitate polymeric nanocapsules as carriers of bioactives

Nanocapsules containing poly(D,L-lactide) shell and retinyl palmitate core have been prepared by the preformed polymer interfacial deposition method. Dynamic light scattering measurements yielded an average hydrodynamic diameter of similar to 220 nm and a polydispersity index of similar to 0.12. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments revealed the presence of two populations of nanocapsules of core diameters similar to 192 and 65 nm. Freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy showed a polydisperse population of nanocapsules (NC), with a poly(D,L-lactide) shell thickness between 11 and 3 nm. for comparison purposes, nanoemulsions (NE, no polymer) and nanospheres (NS, polymer matrix) were also prepared. Each type of nanoparticles exhibited a different morphology (when examined by electron microscopy), in particular NC showed deformability by capillary adhesion. All three types of nanoparticles successfully encapsulated the poorly water-soluble molecules baicalein and benzophenone-3. the thermal behavior of the various nanoparticles was different to a physical mixture of its individual components. Cytotoxicity and phototoxicity assays, performed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and murine fibroblasts (BALB/c3T3), showed that the NC were only cytotoxic at high concentrations. in vitro release studies of benzophenone-3, by the dialysis bag method using NC and NS, showed a sustained release; however, permeation studies using plastic surgery human abdominal skin in Franz diffusion cells showed that a higher amount of benzophenone-3 from NC penetrated into the skin, most probably due to the deformable nature of these nanoparticles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, BrazilKings Coll London, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, London SE1 9NH, EnglandRutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS STFC, Chilton OX11 0QX, Oxon, EnglandUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Farm, BR-90610000 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Häufigkeiten muskuloskelettaler Symptome und Erkrankungen in der bevölkerungsbezogenen NAKO Gesundheitsstudie

Background Musculoskeletal diseases and symptoms are very common in the general population. They lead to high healthcare costs and pose a significant burden to the national economy. Objectives Based on data from the population-based German National Cohort (GNC), frequencies of musculoskeletal symptoms and diseases are reported, including back pain, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and arthritis. Materials and methods Data were collected from March 2014 to March 2017 in adults aged 20-75 years during the first half of the baseline survey of the GNC. The sample comprised 101,779 interviewed subjects, including 9370 subjects who underwent clinical musculoskeletal examinations. The interview included questions about specific musculoskeletal disorders. A clinical examination of the hand provided information about palpable swollen joints and pressure-sensitive joints. Resting pain of the knees and hips was also assessed by a clinical examination. Frequencies were standardized to the German standard population of the year 2011. Results Having ever been diagnosed with recurrent back pain (22.5%) or osteoarthritis (20.6%) were the most common complaints reported in the interview; osteoporosis (2.9%) and rheumatoid arthritis (1.9%) were stated more seldom. According to the hand examination, 6.0% of all participants experienced pain in at least one finger joint. Resting pain was present in at least one knee among 8.2% and in at least one hip among 5.1% of the participants as assessed during the clinical examination. Women were more likely to report musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms than men. The proportion of adults affected by musculoskeletal diseases increased strongly with age. Conclusion Musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms occur frequently. The burden of complaints and diagnoses is comparable to previous population-based surveys

[Frequencies of musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in the population-based German National Cohort (GNC)].

Background: Musculoskeletal diseases and symptoms are very common in the general population. They lead to high healthcare costs and pose a significant burden to the national economy. Objectives: Based on data from the population-based German National Cohort (GNC), frequencies of musculoskeletal symptoms and diseases are reported, including back pain, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and arthritis. Materials and methods: Data were collected from March 2014 to March 2017 in adults aged 20-75 years during the first half of the baseline survey of the GNC. The sample comprised 101,779 interviewed subjects, including 9370 subjects who underwent clinical musculoskeletal examinations. The interview included questions about specific musculoskeletal disorders. A clinical examination of the hand provided information about palpable swollen joints and pressure-sensitive joints. Resting pain of the knees and hips was also assessed by a clinical examination. Frequencies were standardized to the German standard population of the year 2011. Results: Having ever been diagnosed with recurrent back pain (22.5%) or osteoarthritis (20.6%) were the most common complaints reported in the interview; osteoporosis (2.9%) and rheumatoid arthritis (1.9%) were stated more seldom. According to the hand examination, 6.0% of all participants experienced pain in at least one finger joint. Resting pain was present in at least one knee among 8.2% and in at least one hip among 5.1% of the participants as assessed during the clinical examination. Women were more likely to report musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms than men. The proportion of adults affected by musculoskeletal diseases increased strongly with age. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms occur frequently. The burden of complaints and diagnoses is comparable to previous population-based surveys