MEDICAL STUDENT IN THE FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY ON THE FIRST YEARS OF COLLEGE: PERCEPTION OF GRADUATES

Considerando o desconhecimento do efetivo significado da vivência de estudantes de medicina ao serem inserido Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em séries iniciais do curso por meio de estratégias de ensino baseadas na problematizaçao da realidade, propôs-se a compreender tal inserção na ótica dos egressos. Estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevistas com egressos formados nos anos de 2009, 2010 e 2011. A análise dos dados teve como referência a técnica da hermenêutica-dialética. Os egressos consideram que essa inserção possibilitou o conhecimento da organização e funcionamento do serviço de saúde e do contexto de vida dos usuários, facilitou a relação médico paciente, o desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico e o vínculo. Destacam, no entanto, que a imaturidade do estudante impede maior aproveitamento da vivência. Embora essa trajetória esteja permeada por avanços e desafios, conclui-se que ela se mostra capaz de sedimentar elementos imprescindíveis à formação médica.Considerando el desconocimiento del efectivo significado de la vivencia de estudiantes de medicina al ser inserido Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en series iniciales del curso por medio de estrategias de enseñanza basadas en la problematización de la realidad, se propuso a comprender tal inserción en la óptica de los egresos. Estudio cualitativo realizado por medio de entrevistas con egresos formados en los años de 2009, 2010 y 2011. El análisis de los datos tuvo como referencia la técnica de la hermenéutica-dialéctica. Los egresos consideran que esa inserción posibilitó el conocimiento de la organización y funcionamiento del servicio de salud y del contexto de vida de los usuarios, facilitó la relación médico paciente, el desarrollo del raciocinio clínico y el vínculo. Destacan, aunque, que la inmadurez del estudiante impide mayor aprovechamiento de la vivencia. Sin embargo esa trayectoria esté permeada por avances y desafíos, se concluye que ella se muestra capaz de sedimentar elementos imprescindibles a la formación médica.There is a lack of knowledge about the effective value of the experience gained by medical students who participate in the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF)) during the early stages of their medical training. This teaching strategy is based on learning by experiencing the problems that exist in real life. This study proposed to understand the value of this teaching strategy from the viewpoint of the students who had participated, after their graduation. The method adopted was a qualitative study conducted through interviews with students who graduated in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. The data analysis used the hermeneutic dialectic technique as its model. The graduates considered that this experience enabled them to understand the organization and functioning of the health service and the context of the daily life of the users. This experience facilitated the doctor patient relationship, the development of clinical reasoning and the bond with the user. However the students emphasized that a lack of maturity prevented them gaining a higher level of benefit from the experience. Therefore, although the structure of the course is permeated by advances and challenges, it was concluded that this experience contributed to the student's learning of certain essential elements of medical training

A arte no combate do estigma da doença mental INcluir – OficINas para todos e para cada um

As pessoas com doença mental (DM) são frequentemente confrontadas com o estigma e preconceito e sujeitas à exclusão social. Atento a essa realidade, o Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Distrital de Santarém (SPHDS) desenvolveu um projeto piloto de inclusão social para pessoas com DM. Na sua fase inicial agora retratada, estudo epidemiológico de tipo observacional, o objetivo consistiu em aferir na comunidade o estigma na DM através da aplicação de um questionário a 414 indivíduos. Foram avaliadas questões sociodemográficas, psicossociais e de estereótipos associados à DM. Resultados: 18% dos inquiridos referiram sofrer ou já ter sofrido de uma DM e 40% já ter tido contacto com alguém da família com DM. Perante o cenário de na comunidade haver um doente com DM grave, 59,2% diz ser a favor do tratamento médico compulsivo e 44,5% pelo seu internamento hospitalar. Conclusão: o estudo revela não indiferença a esta patologia e existência de estigma.N/

The Interaction between Tribolium castaneum and Mycotoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Maize Flour

Tribolium castaneum is one of the most common insect pests of stored products. Its presence makes cereals more susceptible to the spread of the fungi Aspergillus flavus, which may produce mycotoxins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of T. castaneum adults on the development of a mycotoxigenic A. flavus strain in maize flour as well as the influence of this fungus on the insects. Maize flour was exposed to T. castaneum, spores of A. flavus or to both. The results revealed an interaction between T. castaneum and A. flavus as the flour exposed to both organisms was totally colonized by the fungus whereas almost all the insects were killed. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) revealed a significantly higher concentration in the flour inoculated with both organisms (18.8 g/kg), being lower when exposed only to A. flavus, suggesting that the presence of insects may trigger fungal development and enhance mycotoxin production. The ability of these organisms to thrive under the same conditions and the chemical compounds they release makes the interaction between them a subject of great importance to maintain the safety of stored maize. This is the first work evaluating the interaction between T. castaneum and A. flavus mycotoxin productioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise comparativa da radiopacidade do MTA e cimento Portland nos sistemas radiográficos digitais e convencionais

Introduction: The present study aimed evaluates objectively the radiopacity of MTA and Portland Cement (PC) in conventional and digital radiographic systems. Methods: Five test specimens for each material had been confectioned with 10mm of diameter and 2mm of thickness and exposed on a E/F Kodak Insight film together with a lead plate and step wedge in a focus-film distance of 40cm, device of 70kVp, 8mA and time of exposition of 0,4 and 0,2 second for the conventional and digital system respectively. The optic densities were measured in the radiograph and the values of pixels, in the digital images. For each exposure a graph was made of the measured values versus mmAl, to generate a radiopacity curve of the step wedge steps, obtaining the correspondence in equivalence of mmAl of the studied materials. Results: The statistical test of Mann-Whitney showed statistical significant difference between the radiopacity of MTA and PC, whereas it did not between the gotten results in the radiographical systems. Conclusions: MTA can be used in odontologic clinic because showed radiopacity inside of the standards demanded by specification N○ 57 of the American National Standards/ American Dental Association, whereas PC, not. Therefore, it is necessary the addition of radiopacificators in PC in attempt to increase its radiopacity which is an essential property of odontologic cements.Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a radiopacidade do Agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) e Cimento Portland (PC) em imagens radiográficas convencionais e digitais a fim de verificar se estão em conformidade com a especificação ANSI / ADA. Materiais e Métodos: Cinco corpos de prova para cada material com 10mm de diâmetro, 1mm de espessura e um penetrômetro foram expostos a 70kVp, 8mA a uma distância foco-filme de 30cm. Os tempos de exposição foram 0,4 e 0,2 s para o filme Insight Kodak e sistema digital CR Kodak 7400, respectivamente. A densidade óptica foi medida na radiografia através de um fotodensitômetro e o valor de pixel foi obtido para as imagens digitais. Um gráfico dos valores obtidos versus mmAl foi elaborado a fim de gerar uma curva de radiopacidade dos degraus do penetrômetro, obtendo a correspondência em equivalência de mmAl dos materiais estudados Um gráfico foi feito para os valores medidos em comparação mmAl, a fim de gerar uma curva de radiopacidade dos passos penetrômetro, obtendo-se a correspondência de equivalência de mmAl dos materiais estudados. Resultados: O teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney mostrou diferença estatística significativa na radiopacidade entre MTA e PC, tanto no sistema convencional (valor p = 0,009) e digital(valor p = 0,009). O mesmo teste também mostrou diferença estatística significativa entre os sistemas convencionais e digitais em ambos os materiais (p = 0,016 valueMTA-e p-valuecp = 0,009). Conclusões: MTA e CP não apresentaram radiopacidade dentro dos padrões exigidos pela especificação N ○ 57 do American National Standards / American Dental Association

Satisfaction of Family Members with Treatment in Psychosocial Care Services on Alcohol and Other Drugs

Objective: To assess the satisfaction of family members who had relatives in Psychosocial Care Services on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) and the variables associated with the score of satisfaction. Method: Evaluative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory research. Data collection was performed with the SATIS-BR instrument, which had been validated for use in Brazil, and sampling was performed by simple randomization, according to a pilot study. The Ethics Research Committee (Protocol 1,001/2011) approved this study. Independent variables included socioeconomic characteristics about the participation of the person at CAPSad and the mean global score of Scale of Perceived Change (SPC); the dependent variable was overall satisfaction. Regression testing was performed using the method of ordinary least squares. Results: In the multivariate analysis, the overall score variables of SPC and family members monitoring to Psychosocial Care Services were positively correlated with overall satisfaction (p ≤ .05). Conclusions: The most family members with relatives receiving services from CAPSad were satisfied. Knowledge of the factors correlated with increased satisfaction might enable the construction of action plans aimed to include the family, during the care process, in these services.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synthesis of pure stereoisomers of benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanines by Suzuki cross-coupling : preliminary studies of antimicrobial activity

Several benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanines were synthesized from pure stereoisomers of the methyl ester of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-beta-bromodehydrophenylalanine as an extension of our previously reported method for the synthesis of dehydrotryptophan analogues to dehydrophenylalanine derivatives. The latter were obtained in high yields by N-deprotection and bromination of N,N-bis-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(Z)-dehydrophenylalanine using TFA and NBS. This was carried out in two steps or in a one pot procedure resulting in different E/Z ratios. These compounds were coupled under Suzuki cross-coupling conditions [Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3, DME/H2O] with several boronic benzo[b]thienyl acids in good to high yields maintaining the stereochemistry of the starting materials. The best yields were obtained when the boronic acid was in position 7 of the benzo[b]thiophene and with the E isomer of the brominated dehydrophenylalanine. In some cases it was possible to increase the lower yields by changing the Pd source to PdCl2(PPh)2. A model dipeptide was prepared coupling a benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanine with the methyl ester of alanine. Preliminary antimicrobial studies were performed with both isomers of one of the beta,beta-diaryldehydroalanines obtained. The results show that the compounds are selective and very active (very low MICs) against Gram positive bacteria (B. cereus and B. subtilis) the Z-isomer being more active. The compounds are also active against Candida albicans presenting similar MICs.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - POCTI/1999/QUI/32689, SFRH/BD/4709/2001

3-D Evaluation of temporary skeletal anchorage sites in the maxilla

The selection of temporary anchorage device (TAD) site can be a challenging task since one should not only consider the 2-D distances between roots, but also the entire 3-D space. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior maxillary regio

Reduction of Inflammation and Colon Injury by a Spearmint Phenolic Extract in Experimental Bowel Disease in Mice

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) encompasses both Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, known to be connected to an enlarged risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is a Mediterranean plant used as an aromatic agent, and studies have mainly focused on the essential oil suggesting an anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to perform a preliminary screening of the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a spearmint phenolic extract in an acute inflammation model, in a chronic inflammation model of colitis, and also study the effects in vitro on a colon cancer model. Methods: Spearmint extract was administered to rats of a paw oedema model (induced by carrageenan) and to mice from a TNBS-induced colitis model in parallel with studies using HT-29 CRC cells. Results: Administration of the extract led to reduced paw inflammation, reduction of colon injury and inflammation, with attenuation of histological markers, and reduction of iNOS expression. It repressed the in vitro movement of HT-29 cells in a wound healing assay. Conclusions: These findings suggest that spearmint extract exhibits acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity and is able to inhibit migration of cancer cells, suggesting a potential role in the supplementary therapy of IBD patients.publishe

RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: PRÁTICA DE IMUNOLOGIA PARA ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a experiência das estratégias e ações adotadas para inserção de atividades teórico-práticas na disciplina Imunologia para estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, de atividades desenvolvidas com estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior pública do interior paulista, no período de agosto a setembro de 2015. Resultados: até 2014 a disciplina Imunologia adotava métodos expositivos para abordar o seu conteúdo. Em 2015 foi implementada uma atividade simulada na estrutura curricular do curso, que proporcionou uma proposta pedagógica mais dinâmica, inovadora e proativa, favorecendo o trabalho em grupo e a participação do estudante na construção de seu próprio conhecimento. Conclusão: concluiu-se, pela experiência vivenciada, que a articulação e integração de conteúdos em atividades teórico-práticas favorecem o processo ensino-aprendizagem e possibilitam o fortalecimento de novas posturas metodológicas a serem utilizadas no cotidiano da prática curricular para a formação de Enfermagem