Ariadna en naxos sobre el signo de la metamorfosis. Una contribución mitocrítica y educacional

El presente estudio realiza un análisis mitocrítico de Ariadna en Naxos (Ariadne auf Naxos) de Richard Strauss (1916), con un doble objetivo. El primero, comprobar la pertinencia de la tesis de Gilbert Durand sobre la permanencia, derivación y usura del mito cuando se aplica a textos literarios, libretos musicales, textos fundamentales de la cultura, de la ciencia y del arte, así como en soporte iconográfico, fílmico y musical. Nuestro segundo objetivo es reflexionar, desde el punto de vista de la hermenéutica simbólica, sobre el mensaje antropológico, psicológico y espiritual contenido en la ópera de Strauss.This study is a critical myth analysis of Ariadna of Naxos (Ariadne auf Naxos) of Richard Strauss (1916). It intends at discussing the pertinence, derivation and use of myth when applied to literary texts, musical compositions, cultural, scientific and artistic fundamental documents, including also iconographic, film and musical texts. It also wishes to reflect from the point of view of the symbolic hermeneutics upon the anthropological, psychological and spiritual message of the opera of Strauss

Comparison of multisensory and strength training for postural control in the elderly

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of multisensory versus muscle strengthening to improve postural control in healthy community-dwelling elderly. Participants: We performed a single-blinded study with 46 community-dwelling elderly allocated to strength (GS, n = 23; 70.18 +/- 4.8 years 22 women and 1 man) and multisensory exercises groups (GM, n = 23; 68.8 +/- 5.9 years; 22 women and 1 man) for 12 weeks. Methods: We performed isokinetic evaluations of muscle groups in the ankle and foot including dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, inversion, and eversion. The oscillation of the center of pressure was assessed with a force platform. Results: The GM group presented a reduction in the oscillation (66.8 +/- 273.4 cm(2) to 11.1 +/- 11.6 cm(2); P = 0.02), which was not observed in the GS group. The GM group showed better results for the peak torque and work than the GS group, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: Although the GM group presented better results, it is not possible to state that one exercise regimen proved more efficacious than the other in improving balance control

A Tecelagem de um Antropólogo do Trabalho [Entrevista]

Entrevista comJosé Sérgio Leite Lopes da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro               Entrevista concedida àMurilo Leal Pereira Neto da Universidade Federal de São PauloFelipe Augusto dos Santos Ribeiro da Universidade Estadual do PiauíLucas Porto Marchesini Torres da Universidade Estadual de Campina

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Ileal Intussusception in Calf

Background: Intussusception, characterized by invagination of an intestinal segment into the lumen of the adjacent segment, is one of the main causes of intestinal obstruction in cattle, and occurs more frequently in calves. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the history, clinical examination, and complementary exams, which are a challenge in this species, especially in calves, in which transrectal palpation is limited. As it is a non-invasive, effective, and low-cost test, ultrasonography could be an important tool in the diagnosis of intestinal obstructions, in which time is essential for the prognosis. Therefore, the objective was to report a case of intussusception in a calf diagnosed by ultrasound.Case: A 4-month-old calf, weaned at 3 months and raised intensively, was treated at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE), with a history of apathy, anorexia, and dyschezia for 3 days. On physical examination, fever, moderate dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea with polypnea, bilaterally bulging abdomen, sound of fluid on ballottement, ruminal and intestinal hypomotility, and melena were observed. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia (degenerate neutrophils), hypoproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The analysis of the ruminal fluid showed compromised microbiota and increased chloride content. The transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated, in the right ventral region, hypermotile and full small bowel loops and an increase in the volume of the peritoneal fluid. In addition, there was a segment of the small intestine which, in cross-section, showed multiple concentric rings (“onion rings”, “target pattern”, or “bull’s eye”) and adherence to adjacent loops, compatible with intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Due to the seriousness of the clinical condition and the ultrasound findings, the animal was euthanized and the necropsy revealed focal fibrinous peritonitis and intestinal obstruction due to intussusception in ileum intestinal segments.Discussion: Intussusception has previously been reported in calves, however this is the first report of ultrasound diagnosis of the disease in Brazil. Although the etiology is rarely confirmed, the age group and recent changes in diet (weaning) were predisposing factors. The history, clinical signs, and laboratory tests were similar to those described in cattle with intussusception, however they may be present in other gastrointestinal illnesses. Other authors have also reported that the nonspecificity of the signs and the impossibility of performing transrectal palpation made it difficult to diagnose intestinal obstruction in calves without the use of other diagnostic tools. As it is a non-invasive and accurate technique, ultrasound has been used in ruminants for diagnostic purposes, including intestinal obstructions. In the present case, the main findings are described as the presence of a lesion with the appearance of multiple concentric rings, hypermotile, dilated, and full intestinal loops. The pathological findings were compatible with the ultrasound images and similar to those described by other authors, confirming the diagnosis. The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in cattle should be expanded, aiming at the early determination of diagnosis and prognosis, to reduce producer costs and animal discomfort. In cases of intussusception, late diagnosis makes treatment unfeasible

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO3- leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO3 inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO3 solutions (4.2% and 8.4%). METHODS:An experimental, prospective, open-label, pilot, clinical study was conducted with 12 CF volunteer participants over 18 years of age with bronchiectasis and pulmonary functions classified as mildly to severely depressed. Sputum rheology, pH, and microbiology were examined as well as spirometry, exercise performance, quality-of-life assessments, dyspnea, blood count, and venous blood gas levels. RESULTS:Sputum pH increased immediately after inhalation of NaHCO3 at each clinical visit and was inversely correlated with rheology when all parameters were evaluated: [G' (elasticity of the mucus) = - 0.241; G″ (viscosity of the mucus) = - 0.287; G* (viscoelasticity of the mucus) = - 0.275]. G* and G' were slightly correlated with peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and quality of life; G″ was correlated with quality of life; sputum pH was correlated with oxygen consumption (VO2) and vitality score in quality of life. No changes were observed in blood count, venous blood gas, respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature, or incidence of dyspnea. No adverse events associated with the study were observed. CONCLUSION:Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation appears to be a safe and well tolerated potential therapeutic agent in the management of CF. Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation temporarily elevates airway liquid pH and reduces sputum viscosity and viscoelasticity

Abstracts, Résumés, Resúmenes

Tradução para as línguas Inglesa, Francesa e Castelhana dos resumos dos artigos publicados nesta ediçã

Detección y caracterización de enterobacterias resistentes a múltiples fármacos, portadoras del gen modificador de aminoglucósidos en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, durante tres décadas

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, particularly those resistant to gentamicin, have become one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections.Objective: We sought to investigate the presence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, specially to gentamicin, in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli multidrug-resistant strains isolated from different clinical materials among patients hospitalized in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials and methods: Ten colonization strains and 20 infection strains were evaluated during three decades (1980 to 2010) using selective media containing 8 μg/ml of gentamicin. Thirty strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Twenty two strains were subjected to plasmid DNA extraction and 12 to hybridization assays using as probe a 1.9 kb plasmid DNA fragment from one of the K. pneumoniae strains isolated from faecal samples. This fragment was sequenced and assigned to the GQ422439 GenBank record. PCR was also performed using oligonucleotides designed for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.Results: An accC2 acetylase, besides transposons and insertion sequences, were evidenced. Twenty-four (80%) of the isolates were positive for the aacC2 gene in agreement with antibiotic susceptibility testing profiles, indicating the persistent presence of this gene throughout the three decades. We detected high molecular weight plasmids in 54,5% of the strains. Of the tested strains, 91% showed positive signal in the hybridization assays.Conclusion: A gene codifying for one specific aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme was detected all throughout the three decades. Our data back the adoption of preventive measures, such as a more conscious use of antimicrobial agents in hospital environments, which can contribute to control the dissemination of microorganisms harboring resistance gene plasmids.Introducción. Las enterobacterias resistentes a la gentamicina se asocian frecuentemente a infecciones hospitalarias.Objetivo. Verificar la presencia de los genes que confieren resistencia a los aminoglucósidos, específicamente a la gentamicina, en cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli multirresistentes, obtenidas de pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron y evaluaron 10 cepas de colonización y 20 de infección entre 1980 y 2010, utilizando medios selectivos enriquecidos con gentamicina (8 μg/ml). Se obtuvieron 30 cepas en las que se determinó la resistencia a los antibióticos por medios fenotípicos. Veintidós muestras se sometieron a extracción de ADN plasmídico y se hicieron ensayos de hibridización en 12 de ellas, usando como sonda un fragmento de ADN plasmídico de 1,9 kb obtenido de una cepa de K. pneumoniae aislada de muestra fecal. Este fragmento fue secuenciado y correspondió al registro GQ422439 del GenBank. Se verificó la presencia de genes de enzimas modificadoras de aminoglucósidos mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.Resultados. En las cepas analizadas se evidenció la presencia de la acetilasa accC2, además de transposones y secuencias de inserción. Veinticuatro aislamientos (80 %) fueron positivos para el gen aacC2 en concordancia con los perfiles de sensibilidad a los antibióticos, lo que indicó su persistencia a lo largo de las tres décadas. Se detectaron plásmidos de alto peso molecular en 54,5 % de las cepas. El 91 % de las cepas analizadas mostró signos positivos en las pruebas de hibridación.Conclusión. Se detectó la persistencia de un gen codificador de una enzima modificadora de aminoglucósidos a lo largo de las tres décadas. Los resultados indican que las medidas de prevención, tales como un uso más responsable de los agentes antimicrobianos en el ambiente hospitalario, pueden contribuir al control de la diseminación de microorganismos que albergan plásmidos de genes de resistencia

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE INDIVÍDUOS QUE VIVENCIARAM O ÊXODO RURAL EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA FRONTEIRA-OESTE DO RS

The increasing migration of people from countryside to the cities, registered in the past century, caused a series of difficulties to these workers and required their adaptation to urban conditions. The quantitative and descriptive research, case study, carried out in São Gabriel City, western border of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the southern half of the state, was developed amongst citizens who moved from countryside to the urban area. Results showed that the enterviewed people nowadays develop actitivies as autonomous workers and as employees. Results also showed that, although part of the enterviewed people have informal jobs and face difficulties to find schools for their children, most of them own their own houses. The data confirms the difficulties faced by these people, but also demonstrates the efforts to minimize inequalities imposed by society.A crescente migração campo-cidade registrada no século passado impôs uma serie de dificuldades a estes trabalhadores e uma adaptação as condições urbanas. A pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, estudo de caso, realizada e município São Gabriel, Fronteira-Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, pertencente à Metade Sul do estado foi desenvolvida junto a cidadãos que abandonaram o campo. Os resultados demonstraram que os entrevistados hoje desenvolvem atividades tanto como empregados e como autônomos. Ainda é percebido o emprego informal e a dificuldade de escolas para os filhos, porém a maioria possui casa própria. Os dados confirmam as dificuldades enfrentadas por estes migrantes, mas também os esforços empreendidos para atenuar as desigualdades impostas pela sociedade