LA IMAGEN DEL TERRORISTA EN LA NOVELA ESPAÑOLA ACTUAL

International audienceThe present article explores the figure of the terrorist in the contemporary Spanish novel. A variety of forms of terrorism are illustrated in the corpus, from anarchists to members of the ETA. The terrorist is examined both in terms of his membership in a group and as an individual. Former terrorists are also discussed, as well as the viewpoint of victims of terrorism. Terrorist groups are studied in terms of their leaders, the members of the commando squad and internal conflicts. The discussion of the terrorist as an individual focuses on how he or she became a terrorist, the role of the environment, the reasons for his or her entrance in the group and the way in which he or she was integrated. The picture that emerges is one of a broken person, a failure.Este trabajo se propone analizar la figura del terrorista en la narrativa actual española. Nuestro corpus ofrece una variada tipología del terrorismo, desde los anarquistas hasta los actuales etarras. Se estudia su figura como miembro de un grupo y como ser individual. Interesa también la figura del ex-terrorista y la imagen que del verdugo tienen las víctimas. Por lo que respecta al grupo, se hace hincapié en la figura del líder, de los miembros del comando y en los conflictos que se originan en su seno. Como individuo, se analiza la génesis del terrorista privilegiando el ambiente familar, la razón del ingreso y la socialización dentro del grupo. La imagen resultante es la de un ser fracasado y destruíd

Dynamics of DNA replication during premeiosis and early meiosis in wheat

Meiosis is a specialised cell division that involves chromosome replication, two rounds of chromosome segregation and results in the formation of the gametes. Meiotic DNA replication generally precedes chromosome pairing, recombination and synapsis in sexually developing eukaryotes. In this work, replication has been studied during premeiosis and early meiosis in wheat using flow cytometry, which has allowed the quantification of the amount of DNA in wheat anther in each phase of the cell cycle during premeiosis and each stage of early meiosis. Flow cytometry has been revealed as a suitable and user-friendly tool to detect and quantify DNA replication during early meiosis in wheat. Chromosome replication was detected in wheat during premeiosis and early meiosis until the stage of pachytene, when chromosomes are associated in pairs to further recombine and correctly segregate in the gametes. In addition, the effect of the Ph1 locus, which controls chromosome pairing and affects replication in wheat, was also studied by flow cytometry. Here we showed that the Ph1 locus plays an important role on the length of meiotic DNA replication in wheat, particularly affecting the rate of replication during early meiosis in wheat.This research was supported by grant ERC-StG- 243118 from the FP7 and The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) from the European Union.Peer Reviewe

Kinetics of the combustion of olive oil. A semi-global model

Support for this work was provided by PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER of Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) and CTQ2008-05520 (Spanish MCI/research)

PCDD/F Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles Operated under Highway Conditions and a Diesel-Engine Based Power Generator

PCDD/F emissions from three light-duty diesel vehicles–two vans and a passenger car–have been measured in on-road conditions. We propose a new methodology for small vehicles: a sample of exhaust gas is collected by means of equipment based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) method 23A for stationary stack emissions. The concentrations of O2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2 and SO2 have also been measured. Six tests were carried out at 90-100 km/h on a route 100 km long. Two additional tests were done during the first 10 minutes and the following 60 minutes of the run to assess the effect of the engine temperature on PCDD/F emissions. The emission factors obtained for the vans varied from 1800 to 8400 pg I-TEQ/Nm3 for a 2004 model year van and 490-580 pg I-TEQ/Nm3 for a 2006 model year van. Regarding the passenger car, one run was done in the presence of a catalyst and another without, obtaining emission factors (330-880 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) comparable to those of the modern van. Two other tests were carried out on a power generator leading to emission factors ranging from 31 to 78 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. All the results are discussed and compared with literature.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Education which supported the research project CTQ2008-05520 and the Valencian Community Government (Spain) for the support provided under PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER

España: Mater Dolorosa / Mater Victoriosa. Del teatro clásico al teatro alegórico de la Guerra de la Independencia

La representación de España como Mater dolorosa no es un un signo distintivo de los liberales ni de su visión política. Cohabita con la representación de España como matrona en majestad tanto en el siglo XIX como anteriormente. La Mater dolorosa ha sido una iconografía constante en el teatro. Para demostrarlo analizamos las obras de teatro alegóricas escritas durante la guerra de la Independencia española (1808-1814), textos poéticos de Quintana y Espronceda así como obras de teatro clásicas : El último rey godo y El mejor mozo de España de Lope de Vega , más La Numancia de Cervante

El arte de la memoria en "Una belleza convulsa" de J. M. Fajardo

La memoria, el recuerdo, el olvido son componentes esenciales de la novela Una belleza convulsa de J. M. Fajardo. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar que en este texto se encuentra recogida toda la tipología de la memoria y las claves de su funcionamiento. La memoria es vida para el individuo y materia de la narració

Muros y posterrorismo en Los Gondra y Los otros Gondra de Borja Ortiz de Gondra

We analyse the representation of the end of ETA’s terrorism in thecontemporary self-fiction theatre. Therefore we study the importance of the physicalwalls considering the symbolical values they represent and the social, mental andemotional barriers that lead the characters to repeat political struggles, generation aftergeneration. The vision of reconciliation and forgiveness may be dark if it becomespossible only when those walls and their cultural background are knocked down, or itcan be bright if it is considered as an emancipation from that background.Analizamos la representación del fin del terrorismo etarra en el teatrocontemporáneo autofictivo. Para ello estudiamos el alcance de los muros físicos, consus valores simbólicos, y de las barreras sociales, mentales y emocionales que llevan alos personajes a luchas repetidas de naturaleza política generación tras generación. Lavisión de la reconciliación y el perdón puede ser sombría, ya que estos son solo posiblescuando esos muros y los fundamentos culturales que representan se abaten, o puedeser luminosa, si se interpreta como una emancipación de dichos fundamentos.We analyse the representation of the end of ETA’s terrorism in thecontemporary self-fiction theatre. Therefore we study the importance of the physicalwalls considering the symbolical values they represent and the social, mental andemotional barriers that lead the characters to repeat political struggles, generation aftergeneration. The vision of reconciliation and forgiveness may be dark if it becomespossible only when those walls and their cultural background are knocked down, or itcan be bright if it is considered as an emancipation from that background

Study and characterization of the Ph1 locus as tool to promote interspecific chromosome associations between wheat and barley species

Interspecific hybridization is used to introduce desirable characters from related species into allopolyploids such as wheat. The development of substitution and addition lines of related species in bread wheat can be useful as a genetic tool to transfer agronomic traits in the background of bread wheat. However, there is a low level of pairing and recombination between wheat chromosomes and those from the relative species. Different approaches have been carried out to promote pairing and recombination between related chromosomes such as the ph1b mutant, ionizing radiations and gametocidal genes. However, the most important discovery has been the Ph1 locus which regulates pairing and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis in wheat. Thus, in its absence, related chromosomes could associate and recombine. Chapter 2 of this work examines the dynamic of DNA replication during premeiosis and early meiosis in wheat using flow cytometry, which has allowed the quantification of the amount of DNA in wheat anther in each stage meiotic stage. Chromosome replication was detected in wheat during premeiosis and early meiosis until the stage of pachytene, when chromosomes are associated in pairs to further recombine and correctly segregate in the gametes. Also, an important role of the Ph1 locus on the length of meiotic DNA replication in wheat was shown using flow cytometry. Chapter 3 deals with chromosome manipulation to induce meiotic recombination between barley and wheat in the absence of the Ph1 locus. Genetic crosses between the ph1b mutant and both wild and cultivated barley substitution and addition lines in wheat were carried out. More than..