Antibiotic use in post-adenotonsillectomy morbidity: a randomized prospective study

A tonsilectomia, associada ou não à adenoidectomia, continua a ser um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mais realizados mundialmente, incidindo principalmente sobre a população pediátrica. OBJETIVO: Investigar o impacto do uso da amoxacilina por 7 dias na recuperação pós adenoamigdalectomia, comparando os resultados com um grupo controle. Tipo de Estudo: Estudo prospectivo randomizado controlado com 120 pacientes. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram randomizados ao tempo da cirurgia para receber um curso de 7 dias de amoxacilina associada a analgésicos ou apenas analgésicos. Durante a primeira semana de pós-operatório foram avaliados o grau de dor, aceitação da via oral, náuseas e vômitos, febre e retorno às atividades. RESULTADOS: Somente no 4º pós-operatório o grupo recebendo antibiótico teve uma diferença estatística significante no grau de dor. Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos para outros dados analisados. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando os resultados do nosso estudo e revisando a literatura sobre o uso de antibióticos, nós concordamos que não há nenhuma melhora na recuperação dos pacientes submetidos à adenoamigdalectomia após o uso de amoxicilina por 7 dias.Tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy still is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world, mostly in the pediatric population. AIM: to study the impact of amoxicillin for 7 days in post-adenotonsillectomy recovery, comparing results with a control group. Study type: prospective, randomized, controlled study with 120 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: the patients were randomized according to surgery time to receive 7 days of amoxicillin associated with pain killers, or analgesic alone. During the first week of postoperative, we assessed the level of pain, oral intake acceptance, nausea and vomits, fever and return to daily activities. RESULTS: It was only in the fourth post-operative day that the group receiving antibiotic agents showed a statistically significant difference as far as pain is concerned. There was no difference between the two groups for other data analyzed. CONCLUSION: considering the results from our study and reviewing the literature on the use of antibiotic agents, we agree that there is no improvement in patient recovery after adenotonsillectomy with the use of amoxicillin for 7 days in the postoperative

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of SNOT-20 in Portuguese

Introduction. Chronic rhinosinusitis is a highly prevalent disease, so it is necessary to create valid instruments to assess the quality of life of these patients. The SNOT-20 questionnaire was developed for this purpose as a specific test to evaluate the quality of life related to chronic rhinosinusitis. It was validated in the English language, and it has been used in most studies on this subject. Currently, there is no validated instrument for assessing this disease in Portuguese. Objective. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of SNOT-20 in Portuguese. Patients and Methods. The SNOT-20 questionnaire underwent a meticulous process of cross-cultural adaptation and was evaluated by assessing its sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Results. The process resulted in an intelligible version of the questionnaire, the SNOT-20p. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91, P < .001), reliability testing-retesting (r = 0.994, P < .001), content validity, validity of discrimination of patients without chronic rhinosinusitis (U = 44, P < .0001) and assessment of sensitivity to change (SRM = 1.53 and 1.09) were evaluated. Conclusion. We conducted a successful process of cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SNOT-20 questionnaire into Portuguese

Nasal polyposis : more than a chronic inflammatory disorder : a disease of mechanical dysfunction : the São Paulo position

Introduction The importance of our study lies in the fact that we have demonstrated the occurrence of mechanical dysfunction within polypoid tissues, which promotes the development of polyps in the nasal cavity. Objective To change the paradigm of nasal polyposis (NP). In this new conception, the chronic nasal inflammatory process that occurs in response to allergies, to pollution, to changes in the epithelial barrier, or to other factors is merely the trigger of the development of the disease in individuals with a genetic predisposition to an abnormal tissue remodeling process, which leads to a derangement of the mechanical properties of the nasal mucosa and, consequently, allows it to grow unchecked. Data Synthesis We propose a fundamentally new approach to intervening in the pathological process of NP, addressing biomechanical properties, fluid dynamics, and the concept of surface tension. Conclusion The incorporation of biomechanical knowledge into our understanding of NP provides a new perspective to help elucidate the physiology and the pathology of nasal polyps, and new avenues for the treatment and cure of NP

Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis by household surveys in the city of São Paulo

INTRODUÇÃO: A rinossinusite crônica (RSC) é uma doença comum na população, com documentada repercussão na qualidade de vida e com alto custo direto em saúde pública que engloba consultas médicas, exames complementares e radiológicos, internações hospitalares, cirurgias e tratamento medicamentoso. Apresenta também custos indiretos como diminuição da produtividade no trabalho e absenteísmo. Os dados epidemiológicos sobre rinossinusite crônica são escassos; e as definições de rinossinusite crônica estabelecidas, as metodologias das pesquisas e as taxas de respostas diferem muito entre si. A pesquisa epidemiológica da RSC é importante para avaliar sua distribuição, analisar seus fatores de risco e fornecer dados para promoção de políticas de saúde pública, entretanto não existem dados epidemiológicos sobre a prevalência desta doença em nossa população. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um inquérito transversal de base populacional (survey) com plano de amostragem complexo realizado em dois estágios: setor censitário e domicílio. Entrevistas foram conduzidas pessoalmente, através de entrevistadores treinados, em 2003 indivíduos com idade de 12 anos ou mais, residentes da cidade de São Paulo. O questionário incluiu o diagnóstico de rinossinusite crônica segundo os critérios epidemiológicos estabelecido pelo EP3OS. Dados demográficos, diagnóstico médico autorreferido de doenças respiratórias (asma, sinusite, rinite), tabagismo, renda familiar, nível educacional e características do domicílio também foram incluídas. RESULTADOS: A taxa de resposta total foi de 87,8%. A idade média foi de 39,8 anos (DP= 21, 12-92), 45,33% do sexo masculino. A prevalência da rinossinusite crônica na cidade de São Paulo foi de 5,51% (IC 95%=3,99-7,58). Não existiu uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência segundo o sexo. Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa do diagnóstico de RSC com o diagnóstico de asma (OR=3.88), de rinite (OR=5,02) e com o subgrupo de baixa renda (OR=2,28) As prevalências de RSC segundo o estado tabágico (p=0,43), consumo tabágico em anos.maço (p=0,26) e tabagismo passivo intradomiciliar (p=0,18) não apresentaram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência estimada de RSC na população da cidade de São Paulo é de 5,51% (aproximadamente 500.000 indivíduos). Foi encontrada associação com rinite, asma e com o subgrupo de baixa renda. Não houve associação com tabagismoINTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with proven repercussions on quality of life and a high burden of direct costs to public health, which included physician visits, laboratory tests and medical imaging, hospital admissions, surgical intervention, and medical treatment. It also carries indirect costs, such as decreased productivity in the workplace and absenteeism. Epidemiological data on CRS are scarce, and the established definitions of CRS, study methods, and response rates vary widely. Epidemiological research into CRS is important to assess its distribution, analyze its risk factors, and provide data to subsidize public health policies; however, there are no epidemiological data on the prevalence of this disease in our population. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional population-based survey with a complex cluster sampling plan carried out in two stages: census sector and household. Interviews of 2,003 individuals, aged 12 years or older and living in the city of São Paulo, were conducted face-to-face by trained investigators. The questionnaire included diagnosis of CRS according to the epidemiological criteria established by EP3OS. Demographic data, a self-reported history of physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases (asthma, sinusitis, rhinitis), smoking, family income, educational attainment, and household characteristics were also included. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 87.8%. The mean age was 39.8 years (SD = 21 years; range = 12-92), and 45.33% were male. The prevalence of CRS in the city of São Paulo was 5.51% (95%CI = 3.99-7.58). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between the sexes. Statistically significant associations were found between diagnosis of CRS and diagnosis of asthma (OR=3.88), of rhinitis (OR=5.02), and belonging to the low-income subgroup (OR=2.28) The prevalences of CRS according to smoking status (p=0.43), tobacco intake in pack years (p=0.26) or exposure to passive smoking in the household (p=0.18) did not exhibit a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: The estimated population-wide prevalence of CRS in the city of São Paulo is 5.51% (approximately 500,000 individuals). Associations were found with rhinitis, asthma, and low income. There was no association with smokin

Perforation of nasal septum: etiology and diagnosis

Introduction: The nasal septum perforation is an occasional finding of rhinoscopy and most patients are asymptomatic. However, there are several possible etiologies of this condition, making necessary a thorough investigation. Objective: To review the literature the main causes of septal perforation and describe the diagnostic tests currently used. Method: A systematic literature review of journals indexed identifiable until December 2008. Final Comments: The main causes are the traumatic / iatrogenic nasal drug use, exposure to toxic gases, inflammatory and infectious diseases and neoplasms. The diagnosis is based on detailed medical history, focusing on occupation and origin of the patient, observation of the characteristics of mucosal injury on biopsy and collection of additional tests such as ANCA, guided by the main suspect

Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in São Paulo

INTRODUCTION: Studies designed to investigate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology play an important role to assess population`s distribution and risk factors to result in the development and promotion of public health policies. METHOD: This study design is a survey carried out with a complex two-stage cluster sampling plan. Personal interviews were carried out with 2,003 individuals. The questionnaire included the epidemiological criteria for CRS. Demographic data, history of physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases (asthma, sinusitis, rhinitis), smoking, family income, educational attainment, and household characteristics were also evaluated. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 93.9% of the households. Mean age was 39.8 +- 21 years; 45.33% were male. The overall prevalence of CRS in the city of Sao Paulo was 5.51%. We found a significant association between diagnosis of CRS and diagnosis of asthma and CRS and diagnosis of rhinitis and a significant association between presence of CRS and belonging to the low-income subgroup. CONCLUSION: The municipality of Sao Paulo has an urban population of 11 million. According to the present study, the prevalence of CRS is 5.51%, which represents more than 500,000 individuals affected by this condition in the city

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Quality of Life questionnaire: The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire

Background:The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) instrument is a disease-specific questionnaire for assessing the outcome of an intervention in nasal obstruction in trials. This instrument is only available in the English language and cross-culturally valid questionnaires are very important for all research, including nasal obstruction. The aim of the current study was to reproduce the cross-cultural adaptation process for the NOSE questionnaire in the Portuguese language (NOSE-p). Methodology: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument were divided into two stages. Stage I involved four bilingual professionals, an expert committee and the author of the original instrument. In Stage 2, the NOSE-p was tested on 33 patients undergoing septoplasty for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity. discriminant validity, criterion validity, and response sensitivity. Results: The cross-cultural adaptation process was completed and the NOSE-p was demonstrated to be a valid instrument with satisfactory construct validity. It showed an adequate internal consistency reliability and adequate test-retest reliability. It could discriminate between patients with and without nasal obstruction and it has a high response sensitivity to change. Conclusions: The cross-cultural adaptation and validation process demonstrated to be valid and the NOSE-p proved to be applicable in Brazil.Brazilian Association of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ABORLCCF, Brazil)National Research Council (CNPQ, Brazil)Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil

Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Introduction Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease associated with impairment of mucociliary transport and, consequently, with a high incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis. For patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who remain symptomatic despite medical treatment, endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe and effective therapeutic option. However, to date, no studies have been found evaluating the effect of surgery on the quality of life associated with the effect on olfaction and nasal endoscopy findings of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and chronic rhinosinusitis

Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in Sao Paulo

Introduction: Studies designed to investigate chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology play an important role to assess population's distribution and risk factors to result in the development and promotion of public health policies. Method: This study design is a survey carried out with a complex two-stage cluster sampling plan. Personal interviews were carried out with 2,003 individuals. The questionnaire included the epidemiological criteria for CRS. Demographic data, history of physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases (asthma, sinusitis, rhinitis), smoking, family income, educational attainment, and household characteristics were also evaluated. Results: The overall response rate was 93.9% of the households. Mean age was 39.8 +/- 21 years; 45.33% were male. The overall prevalence of CRS in the city of Sao Paulo was 5.51%. We found a significant association between diagnosis of CRS and diagnosis of asthma and CRS and diagnosis of rhinitis and a significant association between presence of CRS and belonging to the low-income subgroup. Conclusion: The municipality of Sao Paulo has an urban population of 11 million. According to the present study, the prevalence of CRS is 5.51%, which represents more than 500,000 individuals affected by this condition in the city.Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)Sao Paulo State Research Foundation - FAPESP [2009/00574-1]FAPESPFAPESPCNPq (National Research Council)National Research Council (CNPq)Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaringology and Head and Neck Surgery (ABORLCCF)Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaringology and Head and Neck Surgery (ABORL-CCF