[研究論文]Paideia as Dialetheia?

In celebration of Professor Nishihira, who retires this year, this piece examines to what his extent his work may be understood as dialetheism. In providing a view of paideia as dialetheia, we may elaborate the educational dimensions of a view of reality as contradictory, as captured in the key phrase Double Eyes. In this way, we may be able to connect long-standing traditions in clinical-philosophical pedagogy with a wider range of recent intellectual projects and problématiques worldwide

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationThe development of electroanalytical techniques in multianalyte molten salt mixtures, such as those found in used nuclear fuel electrorefiners, would enable in situ, real-time concentration measurements. Such measurements are beneficial for process monitoring, optimization and control, as well as for international safeguards and nuclear material accountancy. Electroanalytical work in molten salts has been limited to single-analyte mixtures with a few exceptions. This work builds upon the knowledge of molten salt electrochemistry by performing electrochemical measurements on molten eutectic LiCl-KCl salt mixture containing two analytes, developing techniques for quantitatively analyzing the measured signals even with an additional signal from another analyte, correlating signals to concentration and identifying improvements in experimental and analytical methodologies. Five binary-analyte mixtures are studied with varying degrees of signal overlap; two mixtures are simulated and three are experimentally investigated. The two simulated mixtures are: UCl3-PuCl3-LiCl-KCl and UCl3-ThCl4-LiCl-KCl. The simulated data demonstrates the capabilities of multivariate analysis in determining concentration, even when electrochemical signals almost completely overlap. The three experimentally measured mixtures are: GdCl3-LaCl3-LiCl-KCl, LaCl3-ThCl4-LiCl-KCl, and UCl3-MgCl2-LiCl-KCl. In all three mixtures signals were able to be separated, analyzed and correlated strongly with concentration. Standard apparent potentials and diffusion coefficients are also determined for each analyte in the mixtures from measured data. Multivariate analysis was applied to the experimental data, as well, and is particularly valuable at higher degrees of signal overlap. The experimental setup included both stationary and rotating electrodes. A rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) was designed and developed for high-temperature molten salt studies. The RCE was used to perform hydrodynamic electrochemical measurements in UCl3-MgCl2-LiCl-KCl mixtures. No similar studies have been found in the literature. Necessary improvements in experimental methods are also identified, specifically measurement of electrode area and development of a stable reference electrode. These improvements will reduce experimental error and improve the accuracy of the concentrations determined from electrochemical measurements

Lustre Performance Analysis with SystemTap

No abstract availabl

Reverse genetics through random mutagenesis in Histoplasma capsulatum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The dimorphic fungal pathogen <it>Histoplasma capsulatum </it>causes respiratory and systemic disease in humans and other mammals. Progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying the biology and the pathogenesis of <it>Histoplasma </it>has been hindered by a shortage of methodologies for mutating a gene of interest.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We describe a reverse genetics process that combines the random mutagenesis of <it>Agrobacterium</it>-mediated transformation with screening techniques to identify targeted gene disruptions in a collection of insertion mutants. Isolation of the desired mutant is accomplished by arraying individual clones from a pool and employing a PCR-addressing method. Application of this procedure facilitated the isolation of a <it>cbp1 </it>mutant in a North American type 2 strain, a <it>Histoplasma </it>strain recalcitrant to gene knock-outs through homologous recombination. Optimization of cryopreservation conditions allows pools of mutants to be banked for later analysis and recovery of targeted mutants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This methodology improves our ability to isolate mutants in targeted genes, thereby facilitating the molecular genetic analysis of <it>Histoplasma </it>biology. The procedures described are widely applicable to many fungal systems and will be of particular interest to those for which homologous recombination techniques are inefficient or do not currently exist.</p

I/O Performance Characterization of Lustre and NASA Applications on Pleiades

In this paper we study the performance of the Lustre file system using five scientific and engineering applications representative of NASA workload on large-scale supercomputing systems such as NASA s Pleiades. In order to facilitate the collection of Lustre performance metrics, we have developed a software tool that exports a wide variety of client and server-side metrics using SGI's Performance Co-Pilot (PCP), and generates a human readable report on key metrics at the end of a batch job. These performance metrics are (a) amount of data read and written, (b) number of files opened and closed, and (c) remote procedure call (RPC) size distribution (4 KB to 1024 KB, in powers of 2) for I/O operations. RPC size distribution measures the efficiency of the Lustre client and can pinpoint problems such as small write sizes, disk fragmentation, etc. These extracted statistics are useful in determining the I/O pattern of the application and can assist in identifying possible improvements for users applications. Information on the number of file operations enables a scientist to optimize the I/O performance of their applications. Amount of I/O data helps users choose the optimal stripe size and stripe count to enhance I/O performance. In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of this tool on Pleiades for five production quality NASA scientific and engineering applications. We compare the latency of read and write operations under Lustre to that with NFS by tracing system calls and signals. We also investigate the read and write policies and study the effect of page cache size on I/O operations. We examine the performance impact of Lustre stripe size and stripe count along with performance evaluation of file per process and single shared file accessed by all the processes for NASA workload using parameterized IOR benchmark

Involvement of fatty acid pathways and cortical interaction of the pronuclear complex in Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic polarity.

BACKGROUND: Cell polarity is essential for many decisions made during development. While investigation of polarity-specific factors has yielded great insights into the polarization process, little is known on how these polarity-specific factors link to the basic cellular mechanisms that function in non-polarity aspects of the cell. To better understand the mechanisms that establish embryonic polarity, we investigated genes required for polarity in the one-cell C. elegans embryo that are also required for other non-polarity functions. This has led to the identification of the Pod-class of mutants that are characterized by osmosensitive embryos and defects in anterior-posterior polarity. RESULTS: Mutation in either of two loci of this class, emb-8 and pod-2, disrupts embryonic polarization and results in osmotically-sensitive embryos. Loss of emb-8, a previously uncharacterized polarity gene, causes mislocalization of PAR-3 and PAR-2 that molecularly mark the anterior and posterior cortices. emb-8 encodes NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, a protein supplying electrons to cytochrome P450-family enzymes, some of which catalyze fatty acid modifications. Cloning of the previously characterized polarity gene pod-2 reveals it encodes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Depletion of fatty acid synthase, the next enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway, by RNA-interference (RNAi) also causes similar loss of one-cell polarity. Furthermore, pod-2 polarity defects can be rescued by addition of exogenous fatty acids. By following the behavior of the pronucleus in emb-8 and pod-2 mutant embryos, we demonstrate that loss of polarity correlates with impaired interaction between the pronucleus-centrosome complex and the posterior cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The characterization of emb-8 and pod-2 mutant embryos suggests that the pronucleus-centrosome complex interaction with the cortex plays a direct role in establishing polarity and that fatty acid pathways are important for this polarizing event.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

HIM-10 is required for kinetochore structure and function on Caenorhabditis elegans holocentric chromosomes.

Macromolecular structures called kinetochores attach and move chromosomes within the spindle during chromosome segregation. Using electron microscopy, we identified a structure on the holocentric mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Caenorhabditis elegans that resembles the mammalian kinetochore. This structure faces the poles on mitotic chromosomes but encircles meiotic chromosomes. Worm kinetochores require the evolutionarily conserved HIM-10 protein for their structure and function. HIM-10 localizes to the kinetochores and mediates attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. Depletion of HIM-10 disrupts kinetochore structure, causes a failure of bipolar spindle attachment, and results in chromosome nondisjunction. HIM-10 is related to the Nuf2 kinetochore proteins conserved from yeast to humans. Thus, the extended kinetochores characteristic of C. elegans holocentric chromosomes provide a guide to the structure, molecular architecture, and function of conventional kinetochores