"Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg": The Multiple Forms of University-Industry Collaborative Linkages

Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy 2009This presentation was part of the session : Policy Actors and RelationshipsAndalusian Regional Governmen

A value creation model from science-society interconnections: Archetypal analysis combining publications, survey and altmetric data

The interplay between science and society takes place through a wide range of intertwined relationships and mutual influences that shape each other and facilitate continuous knowledge flows. Stylised consequentialist perspectives on valuable knowledge moving from public science to society in linear and recursive pathways, whilst informative, cannot fully capture the broad spectrum of value creation possibilities. As an alternative we experiment with an approach that gathers together diverse science-society interconnections and reciprocal research-related knowledge processes that can generate valorisation. Our approach to value creation attempts to incorporate multiple facets, directions and dynamics in which constellations of scientific and societal actors generate value from research. The paper develops a conceptual model based on a set of nine value components derived from four key research-related knowledge processes: production, translation, communication, and utilization. The paper conducts an exploratory empirical study to investigate whether a set of archetypes can be discerned among these components that structure science-society interconnections. We explore how such archetypes vary between major scientific fields. Each archetype is overlaid on a research topic map, with our results showing the distinctive topic areas that correspond to different archetypes. The paper finishes by discussing the significance and limitations of our results and the potential of both our model and our empirical approach for further research.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (EXTRA project, grant CSO2013-48053-R)Oslo Institute for Research on the Impact of Science (OSIRIS, grant 256240)Ramo´n y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC2019- 027886-I

Presencia de la documentación parlamentaria en las páginas web españolas

Se aborda el tema de la presencia de las publicaciones oficiales de las Cortes Generales en las páginas web de nuestro país desde dos ángulos diferentes. En primer lugar, se describe y valora su aparición en las páginas web del Congreso y el Senado, lo que permite determinar las principales características desde el lado de la «oferta». Considerando este contexto, el análisis se complementa, en segundo lugar, con una visión empírica externa centrada en la presencia de dicha documentación en otras páginas diferentes, con lo que se calibra la importancia y el peso específico que tiene en Internet y, por tanto, su «demanda» o recepción social.Se aborda el tema de la presencia de las publicaciones oficiales de las Cortes Generales en las páginas web de nuestro país desde dos ángulos diferentes. En primer lugar, se describe y valora su aparición en las páginas web del Congreso y el Senado, lo que permite determinar las principales características desde el lado de la «oferta». Considerando este contexto, el análisis se complementa, en segundo lugar, con una visión empírica externa centrada en la presencia de dicha documentación en otras páginas diferentes, con lo que se calibra la importancia y el peso específico que tiene en Internet y, por tanto, su «demanda» o recepción social

¿Hacia dónde va la política científica y tecnológica en España?

155 páginas.-- Estudios politicos, económicos y sociales sobre la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación.-- Descargable en: http://works.bepress.com/manuel_fernandez_esquinas/17Este documento reúne los contenidos del Encuentro Nacional de Política Científica y Tecnológica, celebrado en Cáceres entre los días 21 y 23 de Mayo de 2008, organizado por la Red CTI/CSIC de “Estudios políticos, económicos y sociales de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación” del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y la Fundación para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología de Extremadura (FUNDECYT).Red CTI/CSIC, FUNDECYT, la Junta de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura Y Cáceres 2016.Peer reviewe

EU governments must avoid scapegoating the public sector for Europe’s economic problems

How have different European countries implemented austerity measures since the financial crisis? Andrea Müller, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Werner Schmidt, Annette Thörnquist and Christer Thörnqvist write on developments within four countries: Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK. They argue that there is little evidence to suggest that the failure to modernise the public sector in these countries was a key driver in the economic problems caused by the crisis

Lokale Faktoren formen die Arbeitsbeziehungen des öffentlichen Sektors im Krisenkontext: Ein Vergleich spanischer Kommunalverwaltungen

[DE] Die Finanzkrise zog seit 2008 schwerwiegende ¿Krisenmaßnahmen¿ nach sich, die auf allen Verwaltungsebenen Spaniens darauf konzentriert waren, das Haushaltsdefizit zu verringern. In diesem Kontext versuchte die Zentralregierung die Ausgaben regionaler und lokaler Verwaltungen zu beschränken. Eines der zentralen Instrumente über welche die spanische Regierung verfügte, war die Reduktion der öffentlichen Beschäftigung. Der Beitrag untersucht, wie die zwei Lokalverwaltungen von Bilbao (Baskenland) und Parla (Madrid) 2010 bis 2015 auf die zentral auferlegten Maßnahmen reagierten, indem ein Varieties of Capitalism-Konzept zur Untersuchung sub-nationaler Institutionen angewandt wird. Es wird der Schluss gezogen, dass Prozesse wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Anpassung in Spanien auch durch verschiedene regionale und lokale politische und wirtschaftliche Arrangements beeinflusst werden. Es werden Schlüsselfaktoren der unterschiedlichen Folgen für die industriellen Beziehungen beschrieben und diskutiert. Die Befunde zeigen, dass verschiedene Typen und Grade der Koordination innerhalb einer dezentralisierten Ökonomie existieren können.[EN] The impact of the 2008 financial crisis led to the imposition of severe `crisis measures¿ focused on alleviating budget deficits at all levels of Spanish government. In this context, the central government sought to restrict regional and local government spending. One of the key mechanisms at the Spanish government¿s disposal was restricting public sector employment. This paper examines the responses to these centrally imposed measures in two local municipal governments, Bilbao (Basque Country) and Parla (Madrid) between 2010 and 2015. The paper applies a `varieties of capitalism¿ conceptual approach to investigate what it refers to as subnational institutional systems and suggests that processes of economic and social adjustment in Spain are also influenced by distinctive regional and local political economic arrangements. Key factors contributing to the different industrial relations outcomes observed in the two case study locations are described and discussed. The results show that different types and degrees of coordination can co-exist within a decentralised national political economy.Ramos-Vielba, IS.; Woolley, RD. (2018). Local factors shaping public sector industrial relations in a context of crisis: A comparison of municipal administrations in Spain. Industrielle Beziehungen. 25(3):343-362. https://doi.org/10.3224/indbez.v25i3.04S343362253Ayuntamiento de Parla (2014). Anuario Estadístico 2013. Retrieved from http://www.ayuntamientoparla.es/ficheros/anuario-estadistico-2013Bach, S. & Bordogna, L. (2016). Public Service Management and Employment Relations in Europe: Emerging from the Crisis. London: Routledge.Bassols Coma, M. (2014). La racionalización de la Administración local en el marco de la sostenibilidad financiera: panorama general. Cuadernos de Derecho Local, 34, 21‒48.Cerdá Aldeguer, B. (2014). Autonomía Local, equilibrio presupuestario y sostenibilidad financiera. Tendencias y perspectivas contemporáneas en las relaciones de tutela financiera y control presupuestario local en España (2008-2014). Cuadernos de Gobierno y Administración Pública, 1 (2), 181‒218. doi: 10.5209/rev_cgap.2014.v1.n2.47541Cinco Días (2014). Deuda viva de los ayuntamientos.Elola, A., Valdaliso, J. M., López, S. M. & Aranguren, M. J. (2012). Cluster life cycles, path dependency and regional economic development: Insights from a meta-study on Basque clusters. European Planning Studies, 20 (2), 257‒279. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.650902Fernández Leiceaga, X., Lago Peñas, S. & Vaquero, A. (2016). Spanish fiscal federalism at the crossroad: A survey. Vigo: Universidade de Vigo.Flyvbjerg, B. (2001). Making social science matter: Why social inquiry fails and how it can succeed again. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511810503García, E. R. & Fatou, B. L. (2015). Reforma local, servicios sociales y perspectiva de género. Investigaciones Feministas, 5, 129‒156. doi: 10.5209/rev_infe.2014.v5.47989Rodriguez-Ferrand, G. (2011). Spain: Proposed Constitutional Amendment to Include Debt Ceiling Provision. Global Legal Monitor. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/2n3GxRtGoicoechea Bilbao, I. & López Herrera, C. (2014). Overview of local entities debt: Evolution and expectations. Spanish Economic and Financial Outlook, 3 (4), 63‒70.Hall, P. A. (2014). Varieties of capitalism and the Euro crisis. West European Politics, 37 (6), 1223‒1243. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2014.929352Hall, P. A. & Soskice, D. (2001). Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/0199247757.001.0001Hancké, B., Rhodes, M. & Thatcher, M. (2007). Beyond varieties of capitalism: Conflict, contradictions, and complementarities in the European economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206483.001.0001Hassel, A. (2014). Adjustments in the Eurozone: Varieties of capitalism and the crisis in Southern Europe. LEQS Paper, 76. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2436454ILO (2014). 371st Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association. Case No. 2947. Geneva: International Labour Organization. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/2DflbqnInstituto Nacional de Estadística. (2016). Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero. Retrieved from http://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.html?padre=517&dh=1Köhler, H.-D. & Calleja Jiménez, J. P. (2013). Trade Unions in Spain. Organisation, Environment, Challenges. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.León, S. (2009). ¿Por qué el sistema de financiación autonómica es inestable? Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 128, 57‒87.Mellado Ruiz, L. (2015). La situación del personal al servicio de la Administración Local. Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica, (Extra). doi: 10.24965/reala.v0iExtra.10223Miguélez, F., Alós, R., Carrasquer, P., Lope, A., Molina, Ó., Pastor, A., Recio, A., Rodríguez-Soler, J., Verd, J. M. & Godino, A. (2015). Diagnóstico socio-económico sobre las políticas de empleo en España, 2012‒2014. Barcelona: QUIT.Molina, O. (2016). Rationalization without Modernization. Public Service Employment Relations under Austerity. In S. Bach & L. Bordogna (Eds.), Public Service Management and Employment Relations in Europe. Emerging from the crisis (pp. 57‒83). London: Routledge.Molina, O. & Miguélez, F. (2013). From negotiation to imposition: Social dialogue in austerity times in Spain. Geneva: International Labour Organization.Molina, O. & Rhodes, M. (2007). The political economy of adjustment in mixed market economies: A study of Spain and Italy. In B. Hancké, M. Rhodes & M. Thatcher (Eds.), Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, contradictions and complementarities in the European economy (pp. 223‒252). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206483.003.0008Montesinos, A., Pérez, J. J. & Ramos, R. (2014). El empleo de las Administraciones Públicas en España: caracterización y evolución durante la crisis. Madrid: Banco de España.Muñoz de Bustillo, R. & Antón, J. I. (2013). Those were the days, my friend: The public sector and the economic crisis in Spain. In D. Vaughan-Whitehead (Ed.), Public sector shock: The impact of policy retrenchment in Europe (pp. 511‒542). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; Geneva: International Labour Office.Royo, S. (2007). Varieties of capitalism in Spain: Business and the politics of coordination. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 13 (1), 47‒65. doi: 10.1177/0959680107073967Royo, S. (2008). Varieties of capitalism in Spain. Remaking the Spanish economy for the new century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Royo, S. (2009). The Politics of Adjustment and Coordination at the Regional Level: The Basque Country. CES Working Papers Series, 171. doi: 10.1215/10474552-2009-004Royo, S. (2013). A ship in trouble. The Spanish banking system in the midst of the global financial system crisis: The limits of regulation. In I. Hardie & D. Howarth (Eds.), Market-Based Banking, Varieties of Financial Capitalism and the Financial Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Ruano, J. M. & Álvarez, J. M. R. (2016). Local structure and municipal associations in Spain: Facts, trends and problems. In U. Sadioglu & K. Dede (Eds.), Comparative Studies and Regionally-Focused Cases Examining Local Governments (pp. 71‒90). Hershey: Information Science Reference.Schmidt, V. A. (2012). What happened to the state-influenced market economies (SMEs)? France, Italy, and Spain confront the crisis as the good, the bad, and the ugly. In W. Grant & G. K. Wilson (Eds.), The Consequences of the Global Financial Crisis (pp. 156‒186). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Téllez, M. D., Hernández de Cos, P., Hurtado, S. & Pérez, J. J. (2015). Los mecanismos extraordinarios de pago a proveedores de las Administraciones Públicas en España. Madrid: Banco de España.Wollmann, H. & Iglesias, Á. (2011). Transformación y cambio del gobierno local en Europa: un estudio comparativo. Barataria. Revista Castellano-Manchega de Ciencias Sociales (12), 81‒100.Yin, R. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. London: Sage

Knowledge intensive service activities that matter for industry innovation: evidences from a peripheral region

23 pages, 2 tables, 2 graphics.-- ANZRSAI / ARCNSISS Conference. Adelaide (Australia), 1st November 2008.IESA (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía and University of Western Sydney.Peer reviewe

Knowledge transfer activities in social sciences and humanities: Explaining the interactions of research groups with non-academic agents

The aim of this research is to achieve a better understanding of the processes underlying knowledge transfer (KT) in social sciences and humanities (SSH). The paper addresses: first, the extent of SSH research groups' engagement in KT and the formal KT activities used to interact with non-academic communities; and second, how the characteristics of research groups may influence engagement in various types of KT. The empirical analysis is at research group level using data derived from a questionnaire of SSH research groups belonging to the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). We find that KT activities are based on relational rather than commercial activities. The most frequent relational activities in which SSH research groups engage are consultancy and contract research. We find also that the characteristics of research groups (e.g. size and multidisciplinarity) and individuals (e.g. academic status and star scientist) are associated with involvement in KT activities and that a deliberate focus on the societal impacts and relevance of the research conducted is strongly related to active engagement of research groups in all the modes of KT considered in this study. From a managerial perspective, our findings suggest that measures promoting a focus on the societal impact of research could enhance research groups' engagement in KT activitiesOlmos-Peñuela, J.; Castro-Martinez, E.; Deste Cukierman, P. (2014). Knowledge transfer activities in social sciences and humanities: Explaining the interactions of research groups with non-academic agents. Research Policy. 43(4):696-706. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.12.004S69670643

Scientists' engagement in knowledge transfer and exchange: Individual factors, variety of mechanisms and users

[EN] This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the individual factors behind scientists' involvement in a wide variety of knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) activities. By doing so, the article addresses three major shortcomings in the literature. First, this article considers scientists' involvement in both formal and informal KTE activities. Secondly, the study focuses not only on KTE activities with the private sector, but also with other types of agents. Thirdly, the article adopts an individual approach to distinguish between three types of KTE predictors: individual capacities, training and career trajectories, and motivations. Overall, the results of the regression model applied to a sample of 1,295 researchers active in the largest public research organization in Spain (CSIC) suggest that, while some individual features are connected to some KTE activities, other individual predictors (e.g. multitasking and interdisciplinarity) are more evenly associated to a variety of KTE mechanisms and users. Based on those findings, the article offers policy recommendations to craft more accurate policies to encourage scientists' KTE engagement.The empirical activity of this work was supported by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) through the IMPACTO project [Ref. 200410E639]; the authors acknowledge CSIC and other IMPACTO project researchers (INGENIO and IESA) for their work and the CSIC researchers whose answers to the questionnaire enabled us to develop the database. The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref. CS02013-48053-R). The views expressed here are those of the authors and in no circumstance should be regarded as representing the official position of the European Commission.Llopis, O.; Sánchez-Barrioluengo, M.; Olmos-Peñuela, J.; Castro-Martínez, E. (2018). Scientists' engagement in knowledge transfer and exchange: Individual factors, variety of mechanisms and users. Science and Public Policy. 45(6):790-803. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scy020S79080345

A collaboratively derived international research agenda on legislative science advice

© 2019, The Author(s). The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers have been on the rise for decades. Yet little is known about how to provide science advice to legislatures, even though scientific information is widely acknowledged as valuable for decision-making in many policy domains. We asked academics, science advisers, and policymakers from both developed and developing nations to identify, review and refine, and then rank the most pressing research questions on legislative science advice (LSA). Experts generally agree that the state of evidence is poor, especially regarding developing and lower-middle income countries. Many fundamental questions about science advice processes remain unanswered and are of great interest: whether legislative use of scientific evidence improves the implementation and outcome of social programs and policies; under what conditions legislators and staff seek out scientific information or use what is presented to them; and how different communication channels affect informational trust and use. Environment and health are the highest priority policy domains for the field. The context-specific nature of many of the submitted questions—whether to policy issues, institutions, or locations—suggests one of the significant challenges is aggregating generalizable evidence on LSA practices. Understanding these research needs represents a first step in advancing a global agenda for LSA research