Las Creencias de los Consumidores de la Ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, México, 2018

Esta investigación pretende profundizar sobre las creencias de los consumidores jóvenes de nivel socioeconómico medio C+ y C, de la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila, para así determinar el impacto que pueden llegar a tener dichas creencias difundidas de generación en generación y que los especialistas en marketing pueden utilizar para la creación de estrategias. Es una investigación de “corte transversal” donde se realizan estudios en un momento determinado del grupo que se investiga (Hernández Sampieri, Fernandez Collado, & Baptista Lucio, 2006). Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con alcance cualitativo y se estableció el grupo de enfoque como técnica directa. Los resultados no pueden generalizarse, pues el objetivo de esta investigación es de diagnóstico y de hallazgo; sin embargo, a partir de los mismos es posible concluir que las creencias son una variable subyacente al sujeto en lo que respecta a las decisiones de compra. This paper focuses on deepening the beliefs of young consumers of medium socioeconomic status, C + and C, in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila, in Mexico. The impact that these beliefs have and how it spreads fromgeneration to generation was also determined. Marketing specialists can also use it for the creation of strategies. It is a "cross-sectional" investigation where studies are carried out at a specific moment with the group under investigation (Hernández Sampieri, Fernandez Collado, & Baptista Lucio, 2006). An exploratory study with a qualitative scope was also carried out, and the focus group was established as a direct technique. The results cannot be generalized since their objective is difficult to diagnose and find. This therefore leads to the conclusion that beliefs are an underlying variable for the subject in regards to purchasing decisions

Extracción de pectina a partir de la hidrólisis ácida del cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) y su aplicación en la obtención de biopelículas

Diferentes condiciones experimentales fueron empleadas para evaluar el tipo de ácido y el pH adecuados para la extracción de pectina a partir de cáscaras de cacao y su aplicación en la obtención de una biopelicula. Se estudió tipo de ácido: clorhídrico y cítrico, y el pH a niveles 2, 3 y 4 a una temperatura constante de 90°C, las variables respuestas fueron: rendimiento de pectina, % de metoxilo % de esterificación, % de ácido galacturónico y % de acidez. En las extracciones de pectina, se reportó un rendimiento promedio de ácido cítrico para un pH de 2.0 de 2.17%; para un pH 3.0 de 2.56% y el pH de 4.0 de 1.03%; para el ácido clorhídrico se reportó un rendimiento promedio con pH 2.0 de 2.68%; para un pH de 3.0 de 2.13% y para un pH de 4.0 un rendimiento de 0.83%.  La pectina fue caracterizada mediante la técnica de Owens para evaluar variables de acidez libre, peso equivalente y grado de esterificación, adicionalmente se realizó un análisis FTIR para conocer los grupos funcionales. Basados en el análisis del diseño experimental utilizado, se seleccionó la pectina de mejores características para la fabricación de la biopelícula mediante la mezcla de pectina con glicerina como agente plastificante. Se sometió la biopelícula a prueba de biodegradabilidad aerobia, según lo expuesto en la norma ISO 17556 de 2019 donde se obtuvo una pérdida de peso del 18,8% y producción de 53 mg de en 5 días, mostrando una buena capacidad de biodegradabilidad

“Cuidando del que nos olvida”

El presente estudio consiste en una investigación cualitativa en el que se estudia los diferentes recursos y servicios que existen para enfermos y familiares de personas con Alzheimer y otras demencias en la Comarca del Bajo Aragón, haciendo énfasis en la adecuación de los recursos a las necesidades que las familias, en especial los cuidadores principales, experimentan a la hora de cuidar a enfermos de Alzheimer. Se profundiza en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, recogiendo los principales efectos y consecuencias de la está sobre el paciente y su núcleo familiar. Así mismo se realiza una investigación sobre los recursos y servicios que desde la administración pública y privada de la zona se ofrecen para afrontar la enfermedad, con el objetivo de conocer la eficacia y eficiencia de estos recursos respecto a las necesidades que las personas enfermas experimentan.<br /

Riesgos de caídas en los ancianos, un evento multifactorial evitable

Falls in the elderly represent important alterations in functionality and are given by intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, which constitute an increase in morbidity and mortality, so a preventive care plan must be carried out. Objective: To describe the risk factors associated with falls of the elderly in a vulnerable community. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. Population universe formed by N. 81 older adults who attend the community cafeteria in the San Sebastian neighborhood to receive food for lunch, and the sample obtained was n. 41. Simple random sampling with older adults of both sexes. The instrument that was applied was the Tinetti scale and Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB). Results: The analysis of the Tinetti scale was observed balance and gait with an average of 24 points, meaning that older adults have little risk of having a fall, in the SPPB an average of 9 points was obtained, so there is minimal probability of suffering a fall

Evaluation of Anthocyanin Production in White and Purple Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Methyl Jasmonate, Phosphorus Deficiency and High Concentration of Sucrose

Anthocyanins are plants metabolites that are recognized by its red/purple coloration produced in flowers, seeds and leaves. These molecules are potentially important to the industry for its antioxidant capacity, disease prevention and as a natural dye. Currently, the production of anthocyanins is carried out using in vitro culture of Vitis vinifera and its yield is increased by using elicitors or stress factors. Zea mays is relevant due to its high content of cyanidin-3-β-glucoside anthocyanin. In the present study the production of cyanidin-3-β-glucoside was evaluated with different mechanisms of elicitation using in vivo and in vitro culture of purple and white maize varieties. The highest callus induction (85%) for white maize was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, while for purple maize (93%) was obtained in N6 medium with 2 mg/L of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, using germinated seed as explant for both varieties. Methyl jasmonate was evaluated as an elicitation tool, however no cyanidin-3-β-glucoside was found to be accumulated or produced in vitro. In contrast, using germinated seeds and radicle tissue, elicitation using phosphorus deficiency treatment produced the highest cyanidin-3-β-glucoside accumulation (0.06 mg g−1) in white maize. No elicitation and further production of anthocyanins was found when purple maize were used using this method. Therefore, in vivo elicitation in white maize is a potential method to produce a stable anthocyanin that could be optimized for future applications

A Perspective on CRN Proteins in the Genomics Age:Evolution, Classification, Delivery and Function Revisited

Plant associated microbes rely on secreted virulence factors (effectors) to modulate host immunity and ensure progressive infection. Amongst the secreted protein repertoires defined and studied in pathogens to date, the CRNs (for CRinkling and Necrosis) have emerged as one of only a few highly conserved protein families, spread across several kingdoms. CRN proteins were first identified in plant pathogenic oomycetes where they were found to be modular factors that are secreted and translocated inside host cells by means of a conserved N-terminal domain. Subsequent localization and functional studies have led to the view that CRN C-termini execute their presumed effector function in the host nucleus, targeting processes required for immunity. These findings have led to great interest in this large protein family and driven the identification of additional CRN-like proteins in other organisms. The identification of CRN proteins and subsequent functional studies have markedly increased the number of candidate CRN protein sequences, expanded the range of phenotypes tentatively associated with function and revealed some of their molecular functions toward virulence. The increased number of characterized CRNs also has presented a set of challenges that may impede significant progress in the future. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the CRNs and re-assess some basic assumptions regarding this protein family. We will discuss the latest findings on CRN biology and highlight exciting new hypotheses that have emanated from the field. Finally, we will discuss new approaches to study CRN functions that would lead to a better understanding of CRN effector biology as well as the processes that lead to host susceptibility and immunity

Understanding the complexity of disease-climate interactions for rice bacterial panicle blight under tropical conditions

Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) caused by Burkholderia glumae is one of the main concerns for rice production in the Americas since bacterial infection can interfere with the grain-filling process and under severe conditions can result in high sterility. B. glumae has been detected in several rice-growing areas of Colombia and other countries of Central and Andean regions in Latin America, although evidence of its involvement in decreasing yield under these conditions is lacking. Analysis of different parameters in trials established in three rice-growing areas showed that, despite BPB presence, severity did not explain the sterility observed in fields. PCR tests for B. glumae confirmed low infection in all sites and genotypes, only 21.4% of the analyzed samples were positive for B. glumae. Climate parameters showed that Montería and Saldaña registered maximum temperature above 34°C, minimum temperature above 23°C, and Relative Humidity above 80%, conditions that favor the invasion model described for this pathogen in Asia. Our study found that in Colombia, minimum temperature above 23°C during 10 days after flowering is the condition that correlates with disease incidence. Therefore, this correlation, and the fact that Montería and Saldaña had a higher level of infected samples according to PCR tests, high minimum temperature, but not maximum temperature, seems to be determinant for B. glumae colonization under studied field conditions. This knowledge is a solid base line to design strategies for disease control, and is also a key element for breeders to develop strategies aimed to decrease the effect of B. glumae and high night-temperature on rice yield under tropical conditions