Plataforma de información financiera como herramienta de apoyo para la gestión y toma de decisiones en las Pymes

Las pymes se encuentran envueltas en problemas derivados en distorsiones del sistema empresarial, que incide en la mortalidad de las mismas: la falta de criterios para la toma de decisiones asertivas, lo cual tiene un impacto directo también en la economía en general, y contribuye al aumento del desempleo, la desaceleración económica y, finalmente, a la reducción de la calidad de vida de la sociedad -- El objetivo general de esta investigación consiste en proponer una plataforma de información financiera integral que se constituya en una herramienta de análisis para las pymes en Medellín, Colombia -- Para resolverlo, se desarrollan los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1. Diagnosticar la gestión empresarial en la toma de decisiones -- 2. Describir la información financiera necesaria para la toma de decisiones empresariales -- 3. Indicar los aspectos constitutivos de una plataforma financiera para la gestión empresarial -- Para mitigar esta problemática, la implementación del sistema de información financiero propuesto contribuye al entorno competitivo de las pymes, lo cual permite automatizar procesos, estabilidad laboral y empresarial, reducción de costos, accesibilidad a nuevas tecnologías y crear las bases para la toma de decisiones, con la finalidad de mejorar la competitividad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresa

Execution of co-planning and co-teaching processes based on english for specific purposes at Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) centro de diseño e innovación tecnológica industrial in Dosquebradas, Risaralda

This project corresponds to the modality of the Classroom Project, and it was carried out at the Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) Centro de Diseño e Innovación Tecnológica Industrial in Dosquebradas, Risaralda. In view of the institution’s needs, this project aimed at developing co-planning and co-teaching processes alongside the institution’s English instructors. Recent state tests results indicate that, compared to other institutes of similar nature, the SENA presented the largest number of students in the lowest levels of English performance (A1 and A2). We expected to contribute to the SENA’s efforts to meet the objectives set in its Bilingualism Plan, we intended to provide support in the design, materialization, and implementation of English workshops, final exams, and classes through co-planning and co-teaching. Moreover, to foster the communicative competence and the use of technical vocabulary particular to the learners’ field of work, we contributed to the design of new learning guides along with the SENA’s instructors. Furthermore, the expected outcome of this project was to aid future technologists in the process of learning technical language corresponding to their area of expertise and to contribute to the enhancement of SENA’s performance in institutional and national tests. The most significant implication of this project was to work with someone else since it is a challenge and a huge responsibility. This process depended on the prosperous students’ learning and therefore their learning outcomes. Moreover, the feedback given by the instructors was crucial for the practitioners to improve the quality of the class. One fact we can conclude is that there were some external factors that affected the normal development of the functions to perform; however, the alternatives to solve those situations allowed offering several opportunities for both, apprentices and instructors in terms of learning environment, new methodologies, and pedagogical strategies. In the final analysis that was shared in a meeting with all the members involved in this project, they agreed that the practitioners covered the proposed needs successfully.Este proyecto corresponde a la modalidad Proyecto de Aula, y se llevó a cabo en el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) Centro de Diseño e Innovación Tecnológica Industrial en Dosquebradas, Risaralda. Teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de dicha institución educativa, este proyecto tuvo como objetivo desarrollar procesos de co-planificación y co-enseñanza junto con los instructores de inglés de la institución. Los resultados de pruebas estatales recientes indican que, en comparación con otros institutos de similar naturaleza, el SENA presentó el mayor número de estudiantes en los niveles más bajos de desempeño en inglés (A1 y A2). En aras de contribuir a los esfuerzos del SENA para cumplir con los objetivos dispuestos en su Plan de Bilingüismo, pretendimos brindar apoyo en el diseño, materialización e implementación de talleres, exámenes finales y clases de inglés a través de co-planificación y co-enseñanza. Además, atendiendo a la necesidad de fomentar la competencia comunicativa mediante el uso de un vocabulario técnico propio del campo de trabajo de los alumnos, se desarrollaron nuevas guías de aprendizaje en conjunto con los instructores. Asimismo, el resultado esperado de este proyecto fue ayudar a los futuros tecnólogos en el proceso de aprendizaje del lenguaje técnico correspondiente a su área de especialización, y contribuir al mejoramiento del desempeño del SENA en pruebas institucionales y nacionales. Una de las implicaciones más significativas de este proyecto fue trabajar con alguien más ya que esto implica asumir un reto y una gran responsabilidad. El proceso anterior dependía de un próspero aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes y por consiguiente de sus resultados. Además, la etroalimentación dada por los instructores fue crucial para los practicantes para mejorar la calidad de las clases. Pudimos concluir que hubo algunos factores externos que afectaron el desarrollo normal de las funciones a realizar; sin embargo, las alternativas para solventar estas situaciones permitieron ofrecer diferentes oportunidades tanto para aprendices como instructores respecto a los ambientes de aprendizaje, nuevas metodologías y prácticas pedagógicas. En el análisis final que fue llevado a cabo en una reunión con todos los miembros que hicieron parte de este proyecto, ellos concordaron que los practicantes cubrieron satisfactoriamente las necesidades propuestas.PregradoLicenciado(a) en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en InglésTable of Content Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 3 Table of Content ............................................................................................................................. 4 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 6 Justification................................................................................................................................... 10 Conceptual Framework................................................................................................................. 30 English For Specific Purposes.......................................................................................... 30 A Framework to Plan Classes Based on English for Specific Purposes........................... 32 Stages or Steps in Planning Lessons with English for Specific Purposes ........................ 35 Designing Material in English for Specific Purposes....................................................... 37 Communicative Language Teaching. ............................................................................... 39 Classes Based on Communicative Language Teaching.................................................... 42 Planning academic events................................................................................................. 44 Co-teaching....................................................................................................................... 46 Methodology................................................................................................................................. 48 Context.............................................................................................................................. 48 Setting ............................................................................................................................... 49 Participants........................................................................................................................ 50 Institutions’ Needs............................................................................................................ 52 General Objective ............................................................................................................. 52 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................... 52 Expected impact............................................................................................................................ 53 Social impact..................................................................................................................... 53 Educational impact............................................................................................................ 53 Professional impact........................................................................................................... 53 Institutional impact ........................................................................................................... 54 Internship Results.......................................................................................................................... 55 February ............................................................................................................................ 55 March ................................................................................................................................ 59 April .................................................................................................................................. 68 May ................................................................................................................................... 72 June ................................................................................................................................... 80 July.................................................................................................................................... 87 August............................................................................................................................... 90 September ......................................................................................................................... 97 Pedagogy in Bilingualism Seminar............................................................................................. 107 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 112 Drawbacks to face in a bilingual teaching scenery..................................................................... 114 Pedagogical implications for future practitioners....................................................................... 116 References................................................................................................................................... 11

Evaluación de desempeño laboral y su incidencia en el rendimiento de los empleados del área administrativa en la empresa Redyco S.A.S de Medellín durante el año 2020

Este trabajo comprende el tema Evaluación de Desempeño, tiene como objetivo principal “Evaluar la incidencia de la Evaluación de Desempeño Laboral (EDL) en el rendimiento de los empleados del área administrativa en la empresa Redyco S.A.S de Medellín durante el año 2020”, para ello se identificaron factores, métodos de desempeño, fortalezas y debilidades con el fin de definir la implementación de capacitaciones, acuerdos y recomendaciones para potencializar el rendimiento en sus labores y generar un ambiente de trabajo agradable. Para desarrollar este análisis se utilizaron métodos de investigación que nos ayudaron a conocer la manera cómo se relaciona la evaluación con la calidad del trabajo; se hizo uso de fuentes teóricas y normas legales; igualmente se recolectó la información por medio de encuestas al personal administrativo analizando la satisfacción e influencia del sistema evaluativo aplicado en la empresa. El resultado obtenido mostró que la evaluación de desempeño incide de forma directa y positiva en el rendimiento de la mayoría de los empleados y en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de la empresa.This work includes the subject Performance Evaluation, its main objective is to "Evaluate the incidence of the Labor Performance Evaluation (EDL) on the performance of employees in the administrative area in the company Redyco S.A.S of Medellín during the year 2020", for this, factors as performance methods, strengths and weaknesses were identified in order to define the implementation of training, agreements and recommendations to enhance performance in their work and create a pleasant work environment. To develop this analysis, research methods were used that helped us to know how evaluation is related to the quality of work; theoretical sources and legal norms were used. Likewise, the information is collected through surveys of administrative personnel, analyzing the satisfaction and influence of the evaluation system applied in the company. The obtained result showed that the performance evaluation has a direct and positive impact on the performance of the majority of the employees and on the fulfillment of the company's objectives

Machine Learning Improves Risk Stratification in Myelofibrosis: An Analysis of the Spanish Registry of Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with heterogeneous clinical course. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the only curative therapy, but its morbidity and mortality require careful candidate selection. Therefore, accurate disease risk prognostication is critical for treatment decision-making. We obtained registry data from patients diagnosed with MF in 60 Spanish institutions (N = 1386). These were randomly divided into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). A machine learning (ML) technique (random forest) was used to model overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) in the training set, and the results were validated in the test set. We derived the AIPSS-MF (Artificial Intelligence Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis) model, which was based on 8 clinical variables at diagnosis and achieved high accuracy in predicting OS (training set c-index, 0.750; test set c-index, 0.744) and LFS (training set c-index, 0.697; test set c-index, 0.703). No improvement was obtained with the inclusion of MPN driver mutations in the model. We were unable to adequately assess the potential benefit of including adverse cytogenetics or high-risk mutations due to the lack of these data in many patients. AIPSS-MF was superior to the IPSS regardless of MF subtype and age range and outperformed the MYSEC-PM in patients with secondary MF. In conclusion, we have developed a prediction model based exclusively on clinical variables that provides individualized prognostic estimates in patients with primary and secondary MF. The use of AIPSS-MF in combination with predictive models that incorporate genetic information may improve disease risk stratification

Pregnancy Outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group Study

Pregnant women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. With this study, we aimed to better understand the relationship between maternal infection and perinatal outcomes, especially preterm births, and the underlying medical and interventionist factors. This was a prospective observational study carried out in 78 centers (Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group) with a cohort of 1347 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive pregnant women registered consecutively between 26 February and 5 November 2020, and a concurrent sample of PCR-negative mothers. The patients' information was collected from their medical records, and the association of SARS-CoV-2 and perinatal outcomes was evaluated by univariable and multivariate analyses. The data from 1347 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnancies were compared with those from 1607 SARS-CoV-2-negative pregnancies. Differences were observed between both groups in premature rupture of membranes (15.5% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001); venous thrombotic events (1.5% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001); and severe pre-eclampsia incidence (40.6 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.001), which could have been overestimated in the infected cohort due to the shared analytical signs between this hypertensive disorder and COVID-19. In addition, more preterm deliveries were observed in infected patients (11.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001) mainly due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm births. The prematurity in SARS-CoV-2-affected pregnancies results from a predisposition to end the pregnancy because of maternal disease (pneumonia and pre-eclampsia, with or without COVID-19 symptoms)

Prepandemic viral community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of nasopharyngeal swabs and performance of clinical severity scores

© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.The objectives of this work were to assess the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs for viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the performance of pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 severity scores in the viral CAP in adults. A prospective observational cohort study of consecutive 341 hospitalized adults with CAP was performed between January 2018 and March 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, symptoms/signs, analytical data, severity scores, antimicrobials, and outcomes were recorded. Blood, NP swabs, sputum, and urine samples were collected at admission and assayed by multiplex real time-PCR, bacterial cultures, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila antigens detection, to determine the etiologies and quantify the viral load. The etiology was identified in 174 (51.0%) patients, and in 85 (24.9%) it was viral, the most frequent rhinovirus and influenza virus. The sensitivity of viral detection in sputum (50.7%) was higher than in NP swabs (20.9%). Compared with sputum, the positive predictive value and specificity of NP swabs for viral diagnosis were 95.8% and 96.9%, respectively. Performance of PSI and CURB-65 scores in all CAP with etiologic diagnosis were as expected, with mortality associated with higher values, but they were not associated with mortality in patients with viral pneumonia. NP swabs have lower sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of viral CAP in adults compared with sputum, reinforcing the use NP swabs for the diagnostic etiology work-up. The PSI and CURB-65 scores did not predict mortality in the viral CAP, suggesting that they need to be updated scores based on the identification of the etiological agent.This work was supported by National Plan R + D + I 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0009]; cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020; and supported by the grant PI17/01055 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. MAG, RAM and JSC [grant number CB21/13/00006] also received support from the CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund. J.S.C. is a researcher belonging to the program “Nicolás Monardes” (C-0059-2018), Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Spain.Peer reviewe

Riesgos del Emprendedor

ColcienciasUniversidad EAFIT - Departamento de Contaduría Pública. Semillero de Investigación en Control, Auditoría y Riesgos (SICAR)p. 9

¿Cómo se discute la violencia contra las mujeres en el espacio público digital?: divulgación de resultados investigación-docencia

Este documento presenta los resultados más relevantes de un proceso de investigación y docencia desarrollado en el marco de los cursos C-1103 Comunicación y Poder y C-1002 Comunicación Inclusiva de la Concentración en Comunicación Social de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicación Colectiva durante el ciclo II-2020, en articulación con el Programa de Narrativas, Género y Comunicación del Centro de Investigación en Comunicación – CICOM-, de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). El proyecto se planteó objetivos en tres ámbitos: el de la investigación, el de la enseñanza-aprendizaje y el de la política pública. En primer lugar, esta investigación responde al esfuerzo de articulación entre el CICOM y el Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres, INAMU, institución que coordina a las 22 instituciones que conforman el Sistema Nacional de prevención y atención de la violencia contra las mujeres e intrafamiliar (Ley 8688), encargado de implementar la Política Nacional para la atención y prevención de la violencia contra las mujeres de todas las edades, PLANOVI 2017-2032 y del cual la UCR es parte. Esta política, particularmente los ejes 1 y 2, centran su interés en la comunicación como vehículo fundamental para conseguir el cambio cultural y propiciar la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres y la promoción de las masculinidades no violentas. Para ello, se requiere diseñar e implementar una estrategia integrada de comunicación que exige, como punto de partida, determinar cuáles son los discursos sobre la violencia contra las mujeres que circulan en el espacio público costarricense en la actualidad. Con este documento, aspiramos a generar insumos que impacten en el diseño de dicha estrategia.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Comunicación (CICOM

Using Interpretable Machine Learning to Identify Baseline Predictive Factors of Remission and Drug Durability in Crohn’s Disease Patients on Ustekinumab

Ustekinumab has shown efficacy in Crohn's Disease (CD) patients. To identify patient profiles of those who benefit the most from this treatment would help to position this drug in the therapeutic paradigm of CD and generate hypotheses for future trials. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether baseline patient characteristics are predictive of remission and the drug durability of ustekinumab, and whether its positioning with respect to prior use of biologics has a significant effect after correcting for disease severity and phenotype at baseline using interpretable machine learning. Patients' data from SUSTAIN, a retrospective multicenter single-arm cohort study, were used. Disease phenotype, baseline laboratory data, and prior treatment characteristics were documented. Clinical remission was defined as the Harvey Bradshaw Index <= 4 and was tracked longitudinally. Drug durability was defined as the time until a patient discontinued treatment. A total of 439 participants from 60 centers were included and a total of 20 baseline covariates considered. Less exposure to previous biologics had a positive effect on remission, even after controlling for baseline disease severity using a non-linear, additive, multivariable model. Additionally, age, body mass index, and fecal calprotectin at baseline were found to be statistically significant as independent negative risk factors for both remission and drug survival, with further risk factors identified for remission

Long-Term Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab in Crohn’s Disease Patients: The SUSTAIN Study

Background Large real-world-evidence studies are required to confirm the durability of response, effectiveness, and safety of ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in real-world clinical practice. Methods A retrospective, multicentre study was conducted in Spain in patients with active CD who had received ≥1 intravenous dose of ustekinumab for ≥6 months. Primary outcome was ustekinumab retention rate; secondary outcomes were to identify predictive factors for drug retention, short-term remission (week 16), loss of response and predictive factors for short-term efficacy and loss of response, and ustekinumab safety. Results A total of 463 patients were included. Mean baseline Harvey-Bradshaw Index was 8.4. A total of 447 (96.5%) patients had received prior biologic therapy, 141 (30.5%) of whom had received ≥3 agents. In addition, 35.2% received concomitant immunosuppressants, and 47.1% had ≥1 abdominal surgery. At week 16, 56% had remission, 70% had response, and 26.1% required dose escalation or intensification; of these, 24.8% did not subsequently reduce dose. After a median follow-up of 15 months, 356 (77%) patients continued treatment. The incidence rate of ustekinumab discontinuation was 18% per patient-year of follow-up. Previous intestinal surgery and concomitant steroid treatment were associated with higher risk of ustekinumab discontinuation, while a maintenance schedule every 12 weeks had a lower risk; neither concomitant immunosuppressants nor the number of previous biologics were associated with ustekinumab discontinuation risk. Fifty adverse events were reported in 39 (8.4%) patients; 4 of them were severe (2 infections, 1 malignancy, and 1 fever). Conclusions Ustekinumab is effective and safe as short- and long-term treatment in a refractory cohort of CD patients in real-world clinical practice