FIDEL CASTRO RUZ Y LA POLÍTICA CULTURAL DE LA REVOLUCIÓN CUBANA

The article that we presented is consubstantial to the topic of the investigation that is developed in the Mastery in Cultural Community Development, referred to the thought of Fidel Castro Ruz about the cultural politics of the Revolution, and their conceptions in this respect from Words to the intellectuals and in posterior moments to 1990, a stage well-known as a special period. With the victory of the Revolution on January 1st, 1959, new spaces for the artistic and literary creation are opened up for the cultural development of the country, but not all were prepared for the new times, and they began the misrepresentations and the erroneous interpretations of what it was and how the Revolution was going to act in the field of Culture. Due to the uncertainty and mistrust that caused in some members of the intellectual union, the censorship on the part of the Commission of Study and Classification of Movies of the ICAIC, of the PM documentaries, by Sabá Cabrera Infante and Orlando Jiménez-Leal, the necessity was evidenced by adopting a position in what certain sector feared as the limitation of the freedom of expression of the intellectuals and artists. For that reason, the important meeting of Fidel with a group of members of the Cuban intellectuals on June, 1961, that gave origin to "Words to the intellectuals," which established the bases of a cultural politics that arose from an ethical and historical tradition.El artículo que presentamos es consustancial al tema de investigación que se desarrolla en la Maestría en Desarrollo Cultural Comunitario, y está referido al pensamiento de Fidel Castro Ruz acerca de la política cultural de la Revolución, y sus concepciones al respecto desde Palabras a los intelectuales y en momentos posteriores a 1990, etapa conocida como período especial. Con el triunfo de la Revolución el primero de enero de 1959, se abren nuevos espacios para la creación artística y literaria y para el desarrollo cultural del país, pero no todos estaban preparados para los nuevos tiempos, y comenzaron las tergiversaciones y las erróneas interpretaciones de lo que era y cómo iba a actuar la Revolución en el campo de la Cultura. Ante la incertidumbre y suspicacia que provocó en algunos integrantes del gremio intelectual, la censura por parte de la Comisión de Estudio y Clasificación de Películas del ICAIC, del cortometraje PM, de Sabá Cabrera Infante y Orlando Jiménez-Leal, se evidenció la necesidad de adoptar una posición ante lo que cierto sector temía como coartación de la libertad de expresión de los intelectuales y artistas. De ahí la importante reunión de Fidel con un grupo de integrantes de la intelectualidad cubana en junio de 1961, que dio origen a “Palabras a los intelectuales”, y que establecieron las bases de una política cultural que nació sobre una tradición ética e histórica

Subglotic Stenosis as manifestation in Wegener’s Disease. A case report

Introduction and objective: Subglottic stenosis in Wegener’s disease (WD) represents a diagnostic challenge because it’s ability to be the unique manifestation. Description: A case of subglottic GW described in a woman 14 years. Discussion: Subglottic stenosis secondary to Wegener’s disease use to be associated with ENT symptoms, so these can give us the etiological suspicion. In the absence of these, we should include it in the differential diagnosis and try a histopathologic confirmation. Conclusions: In an isolated subglottic stenosis, rule Wegener's disease performing a biopsy of nasal mucosa and two serology tests.Introducción y objetivo: La estenosis subglótica en la granulomatosis de Wegener (GW) representa un desafío diagnóstico ante la posibilidad de manifestarse de forma aislada. Descripción: Se describe un caso de GW subglótica en una mujer de 14 años. Discusión: La estenosis subglótica secundaria a GW puede asociarse a otros síntomas otorrinolaringológicos que nos pueden orientar a dicha etiología. En ausencia de estos debemos incluirla en el diagnóstico diferencial e intentar una confirmación histopatológica. Conclusiones: Ante una estenosis subglótica aislada, descartar la GW realizando una biopsia de mucosa nasal y dos serologías separadas en el tiempo

Programa propio de calidad en la enseñanza

Memoria ID12-0056. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

Crimen organizado y violencia homicida en ciudades intermedias

El presente libro compila un conjunto de investigaciones sobre las diferentes expresiones de la violencia homicida y el crimen organizado en Colombia, en el contexto de los esfuerzos discontinuos de construcción de Paz de la nación. Con perspectiva plural, muestra las distintas problemáticas de la violencia homicida, el conflicto armado y las reacciones de los afectados, así como los distintos impactos en un conjunto de ciudades intermedias. Abarca un conjunto de espacios urbanos diversos dentro del vasto y profundo territorio colombiano. Además de las lógicas de violencia homicida y de las actividades de organizaciones criminales en cada ciudad seleccionada en el libro, los autores exploran, en diversas formas, cuáles son las respuestas de los actores públicos, de la sociedad y los actores ilícitos armados, así como la manera en que las distintas violencias afectan las posibilidades de construcción de paz

Spanish Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnostic Delay Registry: SPIDER Study From Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica

Background and Aims: Diagnostic delay (DD) is especially relevant in children with inflammatory bowel disease, leading to potential complications. We examined the intervals and factors for DD in the pediatric population of Spain. Methods: We conducted a multicentric prospective study, including 149 pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, obtaining clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data. Time to diagnosis (TD) was divided into several intervals to identify those where the DD was longer and find the variables that prolonged those intervals. Missed opportunities for diagnosis (MODs) were also identified. Results: Overall TD was 4.4 months (interquartile range [IQR] 2.6–10.4), being significantly higher in Crohn’s disease (CD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC) (6.3 [IQR 3.3–12.3] vs. 3 [IQR 1.6–5.6] months, p = 0.0001). Time from the visit to the first physician until referral to a pediatric gastroenterologist was the main contributor to TD (2.4 months [IQR 1.03–7.17] in CD vs. 0.83 months [IQR 0.30–2.50] in UC, p = 0.0001). One hundred and ten patients (78.3%) visited more than one physician (29.9% to 4 or more), and 16.3% visited the same physician more than six times before being assessed by the pediatric gastroenterologist. The number of MODs was significantly higher in CD than that in UC patients: 4 MODs (IQR 2–7) vs. 2 MODs ([IQR 1–5], p = 0.003). Referral by pediatricians from hospital care allowed earlier IBD diagnosis (odds ratio 3.2 [95% confidence interval 1.1–8.9], p = 0.025). Conclusions: TD and DD were significantly higher in CD than those in UC. IBD patients (especially those with CD) undergo a large number of medical visits until the final diagnosis.Jiménez Treviño S, Pujol Muncunill G, Martín-Masot R, Rodríguez Martínez A, Segarra Cantón O, Peña Quintana L, Armas Ramos H, Eizaguirre Arocena FJ, Barrio Torres J, García Burriel JI, Ortigosa Castillo L, Donat Aliaga E, Crujeiras Martínez V, Barros García P, Botija Arcos G, Bartolomé Porro JM, Juste Ruiz M, Ochoa Sangrador C, García Casales Z, Galicia Poblet G, Oliver Goicolea P, Lorenzo Garrido H, García Romero R, La Orden Izquierdo E, Pérez Solis D, Navas-López VM, Díaz Martin JJ and Martín de Carpi J (2020) Spanish Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnostic Delay Registry: SPIDER Study From Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica. Front. Pediatr. 8:584278. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.58427

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Fidel Castro Ruz y la política cultural de la revolución cubana.

The article that we presented is consubstantial to the topic of the investigation that is developed in the Mastery in Cultural Community Development, referred to the thought of Fidel Castro Ruz about the cultural politics of the Revolution, and their conceptions in this respect from Words to the intellectuals and in posterior moments to 1990, a stage well-known as a special period. With the victory of the Revolution on January 1st, 1959, new spaces for the artistic and literary creation are opened up for the cultural development of the country, but not all were prepared for the new times, and they began the misrepresentations and the erroneous interpretations of what it was and how the Revolution was going to act in the field of Culture. Due to the uncertainty and mistrust that caused in some members of the intellectual union, the censorship on the part of the Commission of Study and Classification of Movies of the ICAIC, of the PM documentaries, by Sabá Cabrera Infante and Orlando Jiménez-Leal, the necessity was evidenced by adopting a position in what certain sector feared as the limitation of the freedom of expression of the intellectuals and artists. For that reason, the important meeting of Fidel with a group of members of the Cuban intellectuals on June, 1961, that gave origin to "Words to the intellectuals," which established the bases of a cultural politics that arose from an ethical and historical tradition.El artículo que presentamos es consustancial al tema de investigación que se desarrolla en la Maestría en Desarrollo Cultural Comunitario, y está referido al pensamiento de Fidel Castro Ruz acerca de la política cultural de la Revolución, y sus concepciones al respecto desde Palabras a los intelectuales y en momentos posteriores a 1990, etapa conocida como período especial. Con el triunfo de la Revolución el primero de enero de 1959, se abren nuevos espacios para la creación artística y literaria y para el desarrollo cultural del país, pero no todos estaban preparados para los nuevos tiempos, y comenzaron las tergiversaciones y las erróneas interpretaciones de lo que era y cómo iba a actuar la Revolución en el campo de la Cultura. Ante la incertidumbre y suspicacia que provocó en algunos integrantes del gremio intelectual, la censura por parte de la Comisión de Estudio y Clasificación de Películas del ICAIC, del cortometraje PM, de Sabá Cabrera Infante y Orlando Jiménez-Leal, se evidenció la necesidad de adoptar una posición ante lo que cierto sector temía como coartación de la libertad de expresión de los intelectuales y artistas. De ahí la importante reunión de Fidel con un grupo de integrantes de la intelectualidad cubana en junio de 1961, que dio origen a “Palabras a los intelectuales”, y que establecieron las bases de una política cultural que nació sobre una tradición ética e histórica

Estenosis subglótica como manifesteción en la enfermedad de Wegener. Descripción de un caso

Introduction and objective: Subglottic stenosis in Wegener’s disease (WD) represents a diagnostic challenge because it’s ability to be the unique manifestation. Description: A case of subglottic GW described in a woman 14 years. Discussion: Subglottic stenosis secondary to Wegener’s disease use to be associated with ENT symptoms, so these can give us the etiological suspicion. In the absence of these, we should include it in the differential diagnosis and try a histopathologic confirmation. Conclusions: In an isolated subglottic stenosis, rule Wegener's disease performing a biopsy of nasal mucosa and two serology tests.Introducción y objetivo: La estenosis subglótica en la granulomatosis de Wegener (GW) representa un desafío diagnóstico ante la posibilidad de manifestarse de forma aislada. Descripción: Se describe un caso de GW subglótica en una mujer de 14 años. Discusión: La estenosis subglótica secundaria a GW puede asociarse a otros síntomas otorrinolaringológicos que nos pueden orientar a dicha etiología. En ausencia de estos debemos incluirla en el diagnóstico diferencial e intentar una confirmación histopatológica. Conclusiones: Ante una estenosis subglótica aislada, descartar la GW realizando una biopsia de mucosa nasal y dos serologías separadas en el tiempo