Le secteur des télécommunications surfe-t-il de bulle en bulle ?

Le secteur des télécommunications a connu un développement rapide qui s’est accéléré à partir de la deuxième moitié des années 1990, avec l’apparition du GSM et de l’Internet. Mais la croissance réelle du secteur s’est rapidement transformée en une gigantesque bulle financière qui a été à l’origine de l’une des pires crises sectorielles qu’aient connu les économies modernes. Dans cet article, nous essayons d’identifier les facteurs qui ont conduit à une telle valorisation financière des entreprises de télécommunications ainsi que ceux qui ont conduit au retournement des marchés financiers. Enfin, à la veille de la mise en place de l’UMTS, certains éléments nous amènent à penser qu’une nouvelle bulle pourrait se former dans les années à venir. En annexes, nous simulons la rentabilité financière de l’UMTS et évaluons l’impact macroéconomique de ce projet sur les composantes de la croissance française.The telecommunication sector has recently undergone a fast development which accelerated from the second half of the 1990s, with the rise of the GSM and the Internet. But the actual growth of the sector turned into a gigantic financial bubble which was at the origin of one of the worst sector-based crises that the modern economies had seen. In this article, we try to identify the factors driving such a financial valuation of the telecommunications companies as well as those leading to the reversal of financial markets. Finally, on the verge of the implementation of the UMTS in France, some elements let us think that a new bubble might appear in the coming years. In the appendices, we simulate the financial profitability of the UMTS and estimate the macroeconomic impact of this project on the constituents of French economic growth

ENCONTRO RAÍZES RJ: POVOS TRADICIONAIS E SABERES TERRITORIALIZADOS

O artigo analisa depoimentos de representantes de comunidades tradicionais concedidos ao longo do Encontro Raízes RJ (2021) à luz de reflexões teóricas sobre conhecimentos tradicionais, saúde e território. A abrangência dos depoimentos alcança desde as perturbações à saúde vividas nos territórios - que incluem as práticas tradicionais de cura e os itinerários terapêuticos – até os problemas relativos à intermedicalidade e o atendimento nos postos de saúde. Benzimentos, xamanismo, ebós de limpeza, curas espirituais, assim como o uso de plantas e de dietas alimentares, foram citados como importantes modos de buscar o equilíbrio de corpos e vidas. Essas importantes práticas para a manutenção do equilíbrio do viver para essas populações são desconsideradas nos atendimentos básicos de saúde nas unidades do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde).

Phase Fluctuations and Pseudogap Phenomena

This article reviews the current status of precursor superconducting phase fluctuations as a possible mechanism for pseudogap formation in high-temperature superconductors. In particular we compare this approach which relies on the two-dimensional nature of the superconductivity to the often used $T$-matrix approach. Starting from simple pairing Hamiltonians we present a broad pedagogical introduction to the BCS-Bose crossover problem. The finite temperature extension of these models naturally leads to a discussion of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless superconducting transition and the related phase diagram including the effects of quantum phase fluctuations and impurities. We stress the differences between simple Bose-BCS crossover theories and the current approach where one can have a large pseudogap region even at high carrier density where the Fermi surface is well-defined. The Green's function and its associated spectral function, which explicitly show non-Fermi liquid behaviour, is constructed in the presence of vortices. Finally different mechanisms including quasi-particle-vortex and vortex-vortex interactions for the filling of the gap above $T_c$ are considered.Comment: 129 pages, Elsart, 28 EPS figures; Physics Reports, in press. Authors related information under "http://nonlin.bitp.kiev.ua/~sharapov/superconductivity.html

Trim28 Haploinsufficiency Triggers Bi-stable Epigenetic Obesity.

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Cell Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.025More than one-half billion people are obese, and despite progress in genetic research, much of the heritability of obesity remains enigmatic. Here, we identify a Trim28-dependent network capable of triggering obesity in a non-Mendelian, "on/off" manner. Trim28(+/D9) mutant mice exhibit a bi-modal body-weight distribution, with isogenic animals randomly emerging as either normal or obese and few intermediates. We find that the obese-"on" state is characterized by reduced expression of an imprinted gene network including Nnat, Peg3, Cdkn1c, and Plagl1 and that independent targeting of these alleles recapitulates the stochastic bi-stable disease phenotype. Adipose tissue transcriptome analyses in children indicate that humans too cluster into distinct sub-populations, stratifying according to Trim28 expression, transcriptome organization, and obesity-associated imprinted gene dysregulation. These data provide evidence of discrete polyphenism in mouse and man and thus carry important implications for complex trait genetics, evolution, and medicine.This work was supported by funding from the Max-Planck Society, ERC (ERC-StG-281641), DFG (SFB992 “MedEp”; SFB 1052 “ObesityMechanisms”), EU_FP7 (NoE ”Epigenesys”; “Beta-JUDO” n° 279153), BMBF (DEEP), MRC (Metabolic Disease Unit - APC, SOR, GSHY, MRC_MC_UU_12012/1), Wellcome Trust (SOR, 095515/Z/11/Z) and the German Research Council (DFG) for the Clinical Research Center "Obesity Mechanisms" CRC1052/1 C05 and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, FKZ, 01EO1001 (Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases

Multi-center implementation of rapid whole genome sequencing provides additional evidence of its utility in the pediatric inpatient setting

ObjectiveMulti-center implementation of rapid whole genome sequencing with assessment of the clinical utility of rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS), including positive, negative and uncertain results, in admitted infants with a suspected genetic disease.Study designrWGS tests were ordered at eight hospitals between November 2017 and April 2020. Investigators completed a survey of demographic data, Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms, test results and impacts of results on clinical care.ResultsA total of 188 patients, on general hospital floors and intensive care unit (ICU) settings, underwent rWGS testing. Racial and ethnic characteristics of the tested infants were broadly representative of births in the country at large. 35% of infants received a diagnostic result in a median of 6 days. The most common HPO terms for tested infants indicated an abnormality of the nervous system, followed by the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, the respiratory system and the head and neck. Providers indicated a major change in clinical management because of rWGS for 32% of infants tested overall and 70% of those with a diagnostic result. Also, 7% of infants with a negative rWGS result and 23% with a variant of unknown significance (VUS) had a major change in management due to testing.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the implementation of rWGS is feasible across diverse institutions, and provides additional evidence to support the clinical utility of rWGS in a demographically representative sample of admitted infants and includes assessment of the clinical impact of uncertain rWGS results in addition to both positive and negative results

Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program

One of the justifiable criticisms of human genetic studies is the underrepresentation of participants from diverse populations. Lack of inclusion must be addressed at-scale to identify causal disease factors and understand the genetic causes of health disparities. We present genome-wide associations for 2068 traits from 635,969 participants in the Department of Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program, a longitudinal study of diverse United States Veterans. Systematic analysis revealed 13,672 genomic risk loci; 1608 were only significant after including non-European populations. Fine-mapping identified causal variants at 6318 signals across 613 traits. One-third (n = 2069) were identified in participants from non-European populations. This reveals a broadly similar genetic architecture across populations, highlights genetic insights gained from underrepresented groups, and presents an extensive atlas of genetic associations

Author Correction: Genetic architecture of host proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21370-6</jats:p

Genetic architecture of host proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Funder: Medical Research CouncilAbstract: Understanding the genetic architecture of host proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2 or mediating the maladaptive host response to COVID-19 can help to identify new or repurpose existing drugs targeting those proteins. We present a genetic discovery study of 179 such host proteins among 10,708 individuals using an aptamer-based technique. We identify 220 host DNA sequence variants acting in cis (MAF 0.01-49.9%) and explaining 0.3-70.9% of the variance of 97 of these proteins, including 45 with no previously known protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) and 38 encoding current drug targets. Systematic characterization of pQTLs across the phenome identified protein-drug-disease links and evidence that putative viral interaction partners such as MARK3 affect immune response. Our results accelerate the evaluation and prioritization of new drug development programmes and repurposing of trials to prevent, treat or reduce adverse outcomes. Rapid sharing and detailed interrogation of results is facilitated through an interactive webserver (https://omicscience.org/apps/covidpgwas/)

Detection of Respiratory Viruses and Subtype Identification of Influenza A Viruses by GreeneChipResp Oligonucleotide Microarray

Acute respiratory infections are significant causes of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. An accurate, early differential diagnosis may alter individual clinical management as well as facilitate the recognition of outbreaks that have implications for public health. Here we report on the establishment and validation of a comprehensive and sensitive microarray system for detection of respiratory viruses and subtyping of influenza viruses in clinical materials. Implementation of a set of influenza virus enrichment primers facilitated subtyping of influenza A viruses through the differential recognition of hemagglutinins 1 through 16 and neuraminidases 1 through 9. Twenty-one different respiratory virus species were accurately characterized, including a recently identified novel genetic clade of rhinovirus.Fil: Quan, Phenix-Lan. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Palacios, Gustavo. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Jabado, Omar J. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Conlan, Sean. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Hirschberg, David L. Stanford School of Medicine; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pozo, Francisco. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Centro Nacional de Microbiología; España.Fil: Jack, Philippa J. M. Australian Animal Health Laboratory. CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australia.Fil: Cisterna, Daniel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Renwick, Neil. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Hui, Jeffrey. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Drysdale, Andrew. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Amos-Ritchie, Rachel. Australian Animal Health Laboratory. CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australia.Fil: Baumeister, Elsa. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Savy, Vilma. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Lager, Kelly M. USDA. National Animal Disease Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Richt, Jürgen A. USDA. National Animal Disease Center; Estados Unidos.Fil: Boyle, David B. Australian Animal Health Laboratory. CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australia.Fil: García-Sastre, Adolfo. Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Department of Microbiology and Emerging Pathogens Institute; Estados Unidos.Fil: Casas, Inmaculada. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Centro Nacional de Microbiología; España.Fil: Perez-Breña, Pilar. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Centro Nacional de Microbiología; España.Fil: Briese, Thomas. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos.Fil: Lipkin, W. Ian. Columbia University. Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory; Estados Unidos