Suffix Tree of Alignment: An Efficient Index for Similar Data

We consider an index data structure for similar strings. The generalized suffix tree can be a solution for this. The generalized suffix tree of two strings $A$ and $B$ is a compacted trie representing all suffixes in $A$ and $B$. It has $|A|+|B|$ leaves and can be constructed in $O(|A|+|B|)$ time. However, if the two strings are similar, the generalized suffix tree is not efficient because it does not exploit the similarity which is usually represented as an alignment of $A$ and $B$. In this paper we propose a space/time-efficient suffix tree of alignment which wisely exploits the similarity in an alignment. Our suffix tree for an alignment of $A$ and $B$ has $|A| + l_d + l_1$ leaves where $l_d$ is the sum of the lengths of all parts of $B$ different from $A$ and $l_1$ is the sum of the lengths of some common parts of $A$ and $B$. We did not compromise the pattern search to reduce the space. Our suffix tree can be searched for a pattern $P$ in $O(|P|+occ)$ time where $occ$ is the number of occurrences of $P$ in $A$ and $B$. We also present an efficient algorithm to construct the suffix tree of alignment. When the suffix tree is constructed from scratch, the algorithm requires $O(|A| + l_d + l_1 + l_2)$ time where $l_2$ is the sum of the lengths of other common substrings of $A$ and $B$. When the suffix tree of $A$ is already given, it requires $O(l_d + l_1 + l_2)$ time.Comment: 12 page

Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Low Dimensional Systems

In these lectures we give an overview of nonequilibrium stochastic systems. In particular we discuss in detail two models, the asymmetric exclusion process and a ballistic reaction model, that illustrate many general features of nonequilibrium dynamics: for example coarsening dynamics and nonequilibrium phase transitions. As a secondary theme we shall show how a common mathematical structure, the q-deformed harmonic oscillator algebra, serves to furnish exact results for both systems. Thus the lectures also serve as a gentle introduction to things q-deformed.Comment: 48 pages LaTeX2e with 9 figures and using elsart.cls (included); Lectures at the International Summer School on Fundamental Problems in Statistical Physics X, August-September 2001, Altenberg, Germany. v2 corrects some errors and includes further discussion/reference

Produksi Minuman Kesehatan Teh Uirame di Kampung Koya Tengah, Distrik Muara Tami, Jayapura

Koya Tengah is one of the villages in Muara Tami District, Jayapura City. KKN organized by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cenderawasih University took the theme “Papua Tangguh”. Which aims to contribute to build Papuan community into a resilient community in the health sector. KKN participants provide program about the benefits of spices that are around that can be used to make herbal product “Uirame Tea” that are useful for increase body immunity. Uirame Tea is made from a mixture of various herbal plants from leaves, twigs, and wood shavings. Herbal plants with many benefits can be processed into a health food or beverage product such as Uirame Tea which needs to be developed because the composition come from spices with antioxidant content. Therefore, in the implementation of Thematic KKN Papua Tangguh, there will be socialization about the benefits and ways of making Uirame Tea to the community, with the aim of understanding the efficacy of uirame tea spice ingredients and knowing how to make Uirame Tea traditionally. This program is carried out for 21 days starting from August 16 to September 5, 2021.Keyword: Uirame tea; Koya Tengah village; Papua

Consequences of temperature fluctuations in observables measured in high energy collisions

We review the consequences of intrinsic, nonstatistical temperature fluctuations as seen in observables measured in high energy collisions. We do this from the point of view of nonextensive statistics and Tsallis distributions. Particular attention is paid to multiplicity fluctuations as a first consequence of temperature fluctuations, to the equivalence of temperature and volume fluctuations, to the generalized thermodynamic fluctuations relations allowing us to compare fluctuations observed in different parts of phase space, and to the problem of the relation between Tsallis entropy and Tsallis distributions. We also discuss the possible influence of conservation laws on these distributions and provide some examples of how one can get them without considering temperature fluctuations.Comment: Revised version of the invited contribution to The European Physical Journal A (Hadrons and Nuclei) topical issue about 'Relativistic Hydro- and Thermodynamics in Nuclear Physics' guest eds. Tamas S. Biro, Gergely G. Barnafoldi and Peter Va

Commitment versus persuasion in the three-party constrained voter model

In the framework of the three-party constrained voter model, where voters of two radical parties (A and B) interact with "centrists" (C and Cz), we study the competition between a persuasive majority and a committed minority. In this model, A's and B's are incompatible voters that can convince centrists or be swayed by them. Here, radical voters are more persuasive than centrists, whose sub-population consists of susceptible agents C and a fraction zeta of centrist zealots Cz. Whereas C's may adopt the opinions A and B with respective rates 1+delta_A and 1+delta_B (with delta_A>=delta_B>0), Cz's are committed individuals that always remain centrists. Furthermore, A and B voters can become (susceptible) centrists C with a rate 1. The resulting competition between commitment and persuasion is studied in the mean field limit and for a finite population on a complete graph. At mean field level, there is a continuous transition from a coexistence phase when zeta= Delta_c. In a finite population of size N, demographic fluctuations lead to centrism consensus and the dynamics is characterized by the mean consensus time tau. Because of the competition between commitment and persuasion, here consensus is reached much slower (zeta=Delta_c) than in the absence of zealots (when tau\simN). In fact, when zeta<Delta_c and there is an initial minority of centrists, the mean consensus time asymptotically grows as tau\simN^{-1/2} e^{N gamma}, where gamma is determined. The dynamics is thus characterized by a metastable state where the most persuasive voters and centrists coexist when delta_A>delta_B, whereas all species coexist when delta_A=delta_B. When zeta>=Delta_c and the initial density of centrists is low, one finds tau\simln N (when N>>1). Our analytical findings are corroborated by stochastic simulations.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures. Final version for the Journal of Statistical Physics (special issue on the "applications of statistical mechanics to social phenomena"