Off-Line, Multi-Detector Intensity Interferometers II: Implications and Applications

Intensity interferometry removes the stringent requirements on mechanical precision and atmospheric corrections that plague all amplitude interferometry techniques at the cost of severely limited sensitivity. A new idea we recently introduced, very high redundancy, alleviates this problem. It enables the relatively simple construction (~1cm mechanical precision) of a ground-based astronomical facility able to transform a two-dimensional field of point-like sources to a three-dimensional distribution of micro-arcsec resolved systems, each imaged in several optical bands. Each system will also have its high resolution residual timing, high quality (inside each band) spectra and light curve, emergent flux, effective temperature, polarization effects and perhaps some thermodynamic properties, all directly measured. All the above attributes can be measured in a single observation run of such a dedicated facility. We conclude that after three decades of abandonment optical intensity interferometry deserves another review, also as a ground-based alternative to the science goals of space interferometers.Comment: The article has been accepted for publication in MNRA

Lent 5 • Ezekiel 37:1–14 • April 6, 2014

The resurrection is coming: that is the goal, and it brings hope to a hopeless people, not just death but resurrection

Provenance of the Northern Range, Trinidad Using Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology: Implications for Northern South American River System Paleogeography

The Northern Range of Trinidad is located in a key area for evaluating the Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the Caribbean and South American plates. Here, we present detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology for 2391 grains from ten samples collected from metasedimentary rocks of the Northern Range. These data are used to bracket the maximum depositional age of the fossil-poor metasedimentary rocks from the Northern Range and to investigate the provenance of their sedimentary protoliths. Detrital zircon ages range between 3136.5 ± 22.9 Ma and 139.0 ± 5.4 Ma, reflecting apparent contribution from a variety of crustal affinities; however, since the youngest ages are 199.5 ± 7.4 Ma to 139.0 ± 5.4 Ma, it is unlikely that sediments were sourced from the Caribbean Plate, which is ca. 88 Ma. Samples from the western Northern Range exhibit significant peaks clustering around 1.0 Ga, suggesting a prominent Grenville basement sediment source. In contrast, samples from the eastern Northern Range have bimodal peaks at ca. 1.4 Ga and 1.75 Ga, which overlap with Central Amazonian crustal ages. Central Northern Range rocks exhibit a single, well-constrained peak at ca. 2.0 Ga, which may be associated with Eburnean- West African to Northern-Central Amazonian terranes. While all samples show significant contributions from the South American craton, suggesting this was their primary sedimentological source, potential source area changes were explored because samples were collected from different structural horizons. These results are among the first to quantify the maximum depositional age of the metasedimentary rock and indicate that the youngest Northern Range clastic sediments were deposited in the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian). Based on the high frequency of detrital zircons from the western interior of South America, our data suggest that the proto-Orinoco River may have begun draining to the northeast coast of South America earlier than previous research suggests

Proper 9 • 2 Corinthians 12:1–10 • July 5, 2015 Exegetical Notes

Beyond conflict resolution lies a whole new way of defining reality, not by might or by power, or even by spiritual gifts or by healings, or by how God answered my prayer my way, but by the cross and resurrection

"AH, YOU'RE ONE OF THOSE" ETHNIC BOUNDARIES IN URBAN POWWOWS

The inclusion of Aztec dancing as an assertion of a Native identity within the space of North American Indian gatherings called powwows is often contested for not meeting expectations of criteria such as official tribal recognition.  Article visualizations

Lent 5 • Hebrews 5:1–10 • March 22, 2015 Sermon Notes

The end result (telos) of Christ’s high priestly work, which was “made perfect” or complete when he himself cried, “It is finished,” is the “eternal salvation of all who obey him

Proper 28 • Zephaniah 1:7–16 • November 16, 2014

In sum, this is the basic biblical narrative in a nutshell, with the new creation brought about in the presence of King Yahweh incarnate in Jesus, who establishes the new Zion wherever he is present, no longer in the “land” of Judah

Valley Bottom Inundation Patterns in Beaver-Modified Streams: A Potential Proxy for Hydrologic Inefficiency

For centuries river management and land use actions in North America have caused widespread stream degradation where water now flows downstream with artificially high efficiency. When present, beaver dams slow the flow of water and decrease the efficiency of water conveyance through the landscape. These effects are often to the benefit of the function of natural physical processes and ecology of the stream. The benefits provided by beaver dams have been well studied at small scales, but the methods that these studies rely on are often expensive and time consuming and consequently not feasible to deploy at larger spatial scales or in diverse physical settings. We propose a tractable framework to monitor riverine systems that is based on mapping inundation, or flooding patterns. We mapped inundation area and type (types = free flowing, ponded, and overflow) in beaver dam complexes in diverse physical settings in which beavers tend to build different types of dams. Our mapping of over 75 snapshots of inundation at 37 sites suggest that beaver dams change inundation patterns by creating more diverse surface inundation patterns and slowing down water so that more inundation can occur, even at low flows. On average, at 37 sites, undammed conditions inundate 6.8% (range of 2.7% to 17.4%) of their valley bottoms at low flows. In contrast, sites with beaver dams present inundate 23.3% (range of 9.5% to 47.5%) of the valley bottom at low flows. Undammed sites predominately exhibited free flowing ( \u3e 99%) inundation, whereas dammed sites had a mix of all three inundation types. This research also reveals that low slope and the small size of streams most typically reported in beaver dam studies are unnecessarily restrictive. We report notable changes to inundation patterns in both steeper gradient ( \u3e 6%) streams and in the floodplains of larger rivers where beaver do not typically dam the main channel. This research also proposes the use of inundation mapping as a proxy for other important physical processes that are difficult to explicitly measure

Close Communion

The scope of-this study, rather, is to see where the Lutheran church has stood on the practice, as well as its reasons for standing where it has. Within these limits, furthermore, no claim is laid to the comprehensiveness of the treatment. The material presented is selective. The excursion into the practice of the early church was included for two reasons. First, the study Eucharist and Church Fellowship in the First Four Centuries by Werner Elert indicates that the practice of closed communion was maintained in the early church for some of the same reasons it was practiced among Lutherans. Secondly, the Lutheran Church claims to be the rightful heir of the true apostolic church. As such, the practice of the early church would by definition be part of this study

The Theology of the Pharisees

The purpose, therefore, of this paper is to give the reader a general overview concerning the doctrines of the Pharisees, to present as well as is possible in a short treatise as this, the outstanding characteristics of their theology, and especially to discuss those teachings which are prominent in the New Testament and which brought them into such bitter conflicts with our Savior