904 research outputs found
Some interface phenomena associated with the Johnsen-Rahbek effect
Imperial Users onl
Managing Stress in 8th Grade: CBT and Relaxation Techniques in Small Group Therapy
Stress and anxiety are rampant in school-aged youth and a majority of stress is being experienced beginning as early as middle school. Although anxiety is prevalent in a school setting, there is little to no intervention in place that decreases stress and anxiety as well as minimizes how much class time students are losing. This is especially important in high academic performing school where is it difficult to implement efficient anxiety-reducing interventions without taking students away from academic time. This paper aims to look at the combination of two different forms of therapy: CBT and Relaxation techniques in a small group of 8th grade students over the course of 5 weeks and the effectiveness in which the intervention decreases stress and anxiety in these students over a short amount of time
European Union/South Africa trade, development and co-operation agreement : decision-making, participation and perceived economic impacts
The European Union-South Africa Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement
(EU/SA TDCA), signed in October 1999, is viewed by some in South Africa as not only
one of the most important trade and development agreements entered into by the 'new'
South African goverrunent, but also a significant agreement for setting precedents for
other bi-lateral trade and development pacts between the EU and African, Caribbean and
Pacific group of states. This thesis considers two major issues related to the EU/SA
TDCA. First, it describes and evaluates the structures that supported the South African
side of the TDCA decision-making process. Second, it discusses the potential economic
impact of the agreement on South Africa and part of southern African.
Prior to the election of the 'new' South African government in 1994, the majority of
South Africa's population was excluded - both in terms of access to decision-making
structures and from economic prosperity. By exploring the TDCA, the thesis provides a
window through wl-dch to examine contemporary access to decision-making processes in
South Africa and the likelihood of the TDCA promoting economic prosperity for sections
of southern African society, particularly the 'traditionally excluded'. Interviews with key
actors who helped formulate the TDCA provide information that enabled the evaluation
of the TDCA decision-making process and highlighted potential economic 'winners' and
'losers'. Interviewing representatives of the South African wine and textile sectors
provided an opportunity to examine in more detail the likely impact of the agreement and
decision-making processes, associated to the TDCA, within South Africa.
The results indicate that an overriding message of this thesis is one of complexity. The
description of the structures that underpinned the EU/SA TDCA portrayed complex
relationships between decision-making 'actors'. In evaluating the inclusivity of the policy
formulation process, there was a lack of consensus over who had been included or
excluded. Likewise, the identification of potential economic 'winners' and 'losers' proved
to be somewhat problematic.Department of
Geographical Sciences, University of Plymouth
A numerical model for multigroup radiation hydrodynamics
We present in this paper a multigroup model for radiation hydrodynamics to
account for variations of the gas opacity as a function of frequency. The
entropy closure model (M1) is applied to multigroup radiation transfer in a
radiation hydrodynamics code. In difference from the previous grey model, we
are able to reproduce the crucial effects of frequency-variable gas opacities,
a situation omnipresent in physics and astrophysics. We also account for the
energy exchange between neighbouring groups which is important in flows with
strong velocity divergence. These terms were computed using a finite volume
method in the frequency domain. The radiative transfer aspect of the method was
first tested separately for global consistency (reversion to grey model) and
against a well established kinetic model through Marshak wave tests with
frequency dependent opacities. Very good agreement between the multigroup M1
and kinetic models was observed in all tests. The successful coupling of the
multigroup radiative transfer to the hydrodynamics was then confirmed through a
second series of tests. Finally, the model was linked to a database of
opacities for a Xe gas in order to simulate realistic multigroup radiative
shocks in Xe. The differences with the previous grey models are discussed.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in JQSR
A Continuum Description of Rarefied Gas Dynamics (I)--- Derivation From Kinetic Theory
We describe an asymptotic procedure for deriving continuum equations from the
kinetic theory of a simple gas. As in the works of Hilbert, of Chapman and of
Enskog, we expand in the mean flight time of the constituent particles of the
gas, but we do not adopt the Chapman-Enskog device of simplifying the formulae
at each order by using results from previous orders. In this way, we are able
to derive a new set of fluid dynamical equations from kinetic theory, as we
illustrate here for the relaxation model for monatomic gases. We obtain a
stress tensor that contains a dynamical pressure term (or bulk viscosity) that
is process-dependent and our heat current depends on the gradients of both
temperature and density. On account of these features, the equations apply to a
greater range of Knudsen number (the ratio of mean free path to macroscopic
scale) than do the Navier-Stokes equations, as we see in the accompanying
paper. In the limit of vanishing Knudsen number, our equations reduce to the
usual Navier-Stokes equations with no bulk viscosity.Comment: 16 page
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