Osmotic stress tolerance in forage oat varieties (Avena Sativa L.) based on osmotic potential trials

Received: April 1st, 2022 ; Accepted: December 12th, 2022 ; Published: February 7th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] oats (Avena sativa L.) are globally important for milk and meat production, and, to a lesser extent, for the human diet. In Mexico, oats are a strategic crop, occupying the fourth place in cultivated area, only after maize for grain, bean, and sorghum for grain. Droughts are the main problem for oat production in Mexico. This study evaluated the germination and seedling growth of several oat varieties in response to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000 treatments of different osmotic pressure in order to identify drought-resistant genotypes. The Teporaca genotype was the most outstanding in the three levels of OP compared to its control with 0.0 of Osmotic Potential (OP). The Teporaca genotype showed the largest root length and the lowest diminishment of root length under osmotic stress conditions. This genotype also had the largest shoot length in the three osmotic stress levels. Regarding root fresh weight, Babicora stands out with 98.5% and Teporaca with 43% in the most severe level. Teporaca, Menonita, and Babicora showed the outstanding root dry weights of 346.5%, 327.2%, and 251.2%, respectively. These varieties had higher root dry weight than their own controls in water in the most severe level of OP. In conclusion, the Teporaca, Menonita, and Karma genotypes showed the highest osmotic stress tolerance and could be used as sources of favorable alleles to improve oat drought tolerance

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection ar

El Pinacate volcanic field, Northwest Mexico: An example of a shield cluster; [Campo volcánico El Pinacate, noroeste de México: Un ejemplo de un cúmulo de escudos]

El Pinacate volcanic field, Northwest Mexico, includes a large shield volcano (Sta. Clara) and more than 400 vents, most of which are cinder cones and a few maars of Pleistocene and recent age. Previous studies of the distribution of those vents focused on the identification of preferred orientations of vent alignments, paying little attention to the identification of clusters of vents within the field. In this work several methods of spatial distribution analyses are combined together to describe the spatial structure of the distribution. As a result, four main structures are identified, each interpreted as a long-lived volcanic system that has remained active throughout the history of the volcanic activity on the region. Interaction of the axes of activity within those structures with an older listric fault that crosses the field from NW to SE is responsible for the apparent difference in distribution observed in the north and south halves of the field. Differences to the depth of the Curie isotherm also contribute to the observed differences on the vent distribution at the surface. Although the influence of tectonic stresses is very important in controlling the location of activity on this field, in this work we show that it is not necessary to invoke a change in the orientation of those stresses to explain the evolution of the region. © This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Brucellosis in buffalos from Corrientes northeast (Argentina)

Buffalo’s production represents an important option as input source in livestock systems located in areas with little profitability by cattle. In mostly farms, cattle and buffalos are breeding together, due that in Argentina, to carry out buffalo’s production is in an extensive way, with the aim to produce meat – mostly- milk – for this production nutritional supplements are used- and leathers. Brucellosis is zoonic illnesses from bacteria belong to Brucella which caused human human health problems by contaminated food ingestion or to those who are in touch with cattle. In Argentina, exist the National Control an Elimination Program for cattle Brucellosis, which include buffalos also, there is inclosed female vaccination and serologic segregation of positive reactants. Diagnosis techniques ruled for cattle brucellosis are BPA (Buffered Plate Agglutination), Tube seroaglutination and 2MercaptoEthanol. International reference test is Complement Fixation. By means of this present work, we pretend to evaluate the serologic diagnosis utility, ruled to the buffalos and compare obtained results by BPA, SAT and 2ME with Complement Fixation Test. In the present communication are presented results from the use of diagnosis techniques recommended by SENASA (National Service of Sanity and Quality Agro-Food) to buffalo’s serums which belong to nine farms from NE Corrientes State. Obtained results show that association o BPA as Screening Test and SAT and 2ME as Confirmated Test has a valid correlation for the detection of positive animals with the reference technique Complement Fixation

Equine Infectious Anemia: seroprevalence in the northeastern region of Argentina

The goal of the present work was to determinate the prevalence of EIA infection among work horses in three cattle farms situated in the Northwest of Corrientes. A sample of whole blood was obtained from all the horses (n¼212), and the AGID test was carried out. One hundred and nineteen horses were found infected (AGID positive)Inst.de VirologíaFil: Espasandin, A.G. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Vissani, Aldana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, D.E. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Lottero, E. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Carballo, L.P. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Jacobo, R.A. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Cipolini, M.F. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Catedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Storani, C.A. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

SPHysics - development of a free-surface fluid solver - Part 1: Theory and formulations

A free-surface fluid solver called SPHysics is presented. Part 1 provides a description of the governing equations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) theory. The paper describes the formulations implemented in the code including the classical SPH formulation along with enhancements like density filtering, arbitrary Lagrange–Euler (ALE) schemes and the incorporation of Riemann solvers for particle–particle interactions. Second-order time stepping schemes are presented along with the boundary conditions employed which can handle floating objects to study fluid–structure interaction. In addition, the model implementation is briefly described. This information will be used in Part 2, where the efficiency of the code is discussed, along with several study cases

Spinal Cord Injury: How Can We Improve the Classification and Quantification of Its Severity and Prognosis?

The preservation of functional neural tissue after spinal cord injury (SCI) is the basis for spontaneous neurological recovery. Some injured patients in the acute phase have more potential for recovery than others. This fact is problematic for the construction of clinical trials because enrollment of subjects with variable recovery potential makes it difficult to detect effects, requires large sample sizes, and risks Type II errors. In addition, the current methods to assess injury and recovery are non-quantitative and not sensitive. It is likely that therapeutic combinations will be necessary to cause substantially improved function after SCI, thus we need highly sensitive techniques to evaluate changes in motor, sensory, autonomic and other functions. We review several emerging neurophysiological techniques with high sensitivity. Quantitative methods to evaluate residual tissue sparing after severe acute SCI have not entered widespread clinical use. This reduces the ability to correlate structural preservation with clinical outcome following SCI resulting in enrollment of subjects with varying patterns of tissue preservation and injury into clinical trials. We propose that the inclusion of additional measures of injury severity, pattern, and individual genetic characteristics may enable stratification in clinical trials to make the testing of therapeutic interventions more effective and efficient. New imaging techniques to assess tract injury and demyelination and methods to quantify tissue injury, inflammatory markers, and neuroglial biochemical changes may improve the evaluation of injury severity, and the correlation with neurological outcome, and measure the effects of treatment more robustly than is currently possible. The ability to test such a multimodality approach will require a high degree of collaboration between clinical and research centers and government research support. When the most informative of these assessments is determined, it may be possible to identify patients with substantial recovery potential, improve selection criteria and conduct more efficient clinical trials