Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Enhancing Power Quality using FOFPID-based Interleaved CUK Converter

Electrical distribution systems face increased non-linear loads due to using power electronics for the converters. Due to these non-linear loads, the system exhibits PQ problems in the distributed feeders. To enhance PQ problems in the dual feeder, fractional order fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller (FOFPID) is introduced with interline unified power quality (IUPQC) conditioner. IUPQC conditioner includes a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and interleaved cuk converter (ICC). DSTATCOM and DVR are used for compensating the voltages and current in the dual feeders (feeder-1 and feeder-2). Also, ICC monitors the switching between the DSTATCOM and DVR compensators by providing proper power flow. Moreover, the FOFPID controller regulates an input supply from both feeders. The simulation is performed through MATLAB/Simulink platform, demonstrating the robustness of a proposed FOFPID with an IUPQC controller. The performance of a proposed controller is analyzed through two cases for both feeders. Furthermore, the total harmonic distortions (THD) are calculated for the feeder parameters. The proposed FOFPID with IUPQC controller also maintains stability in a dual feeder. Therefore, the entire response shows the functionality and feasibility of a proposed controller

The relaxation of OH (v = 1) and OD (v = 1) by H2O and D2O at temperatures from 251 to 390 K

We report rate coefficients for the relaxation of OH(v = 1) and OD(v = 1) by H2O and D2O as a function of temperature between 251 and 390 K. All four rate coefficients exhibit a negative dependence on temperature. In Arrhenius form, the rate coefficients for relaxation (in units of 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1) can be expressed as: for OH(v = 1) + H2O between 263 and 390 K: k = (2.4 ± 0.9) exp((460 ± 115)/T); for OH(v = 1) + D2O between 256 and 371 K: k = (0.49 ± 0.16) exp((610 ± 90)/T); for OD(v = 1) + H2O between 251 and 371 K: k = (0.92 ± 0.16) exp((485 ± 48)/T); for OD(v = 1) + D2O between 253 and 366 K: k = (2.57 ± 0.09) exp((342 ± 10)/T). Rate coefficients at (297 ± 1 K) are also reported for the relaxation of OH(v = 2) by D2O and the relaxation of OD(v = 2) by H2O and D2O. The results are discussed in terms of a mechanism involving the formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes in which intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution can occur at rates competitive with re-dissociation to the initial collision partners in their original vibrational states. New ab initio calculations on the H2O–HO system have been performed which, inter alia, yield vibrational frequencies for all four complexes: H2O–HO, D2O–HO, H2O–DO and D2O–DO. These data are then employed, adapting a formalism due to Troe (J. Troe, J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 4758), in order to estimate the rates of intramolecular energy transfer from the OH (OD) vibration to other modes in the complexes in order to explain the measured relaxation rates—assuming that relaxation proceeds via the hydrogen-bonded complexes

DNA binding proteins of rat thigh muscle: purification and characterization of an endonuclease

Two major DNA binding proteins of molecular weights 34,000 and 38,000 have been identified in the 30,000 g supernatant (S-30) fraction of rat thigh muscle extracts. The presence of 38 KD DNA binding protein in the muscle S-30 could be demonstrated only if Triton X-100 treated extracts were used for Afinity chromatography suggesting that this protein may be a membrane associated DNA binding protein. The 38 KD DNA binding protein differed from the 34 KD DNA binding protein also in its chromatographic behaviour in DE-52 columns in which the 38 KD protein was retained, while the 34 KD protein came out in the flow-through in an electrophoretically pure form. The 34 KD DNA binding protein can also be purified by precipitation with MgCl2. Incubation of 0 · 15 M NaCl eluates (containing the 38 KD and/or 34 KD DNA binding protein) in the presence of 100 mM Mg2+ resulted in the specific precipitation of the 34 KD protein. Prolonged incubation (30 days) of the 0 · 15 Ì NaCl eluates containing the two DNA binding proteins at 4°C led to the preferential degradation of the 34 KD DNA binding protein. Nitrocellulose filter binding assays indicated selective binding of purified 34 KD protein to ss DNA. Purified 34 KD DNA binding protein cleaved pBR 322 supercoiled DNA, and electrophoresis of the cleavage products in agarose gels revealed a major DNA band corresponding to the circular form of DNA

A Study on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function assesed by Echo in Metabolic Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome Characterised by four clinical elements: these are Atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), central Obesity, and high blood pressure. The metabolic syndrome includes group of cardiac risk factors that act simultaneously. The persons with this syndrome who are worst prognosis cardiovascular events This is a is a group of components distressing about 20- 25% of adults population in developed countries. In India, prevalence is about 21% to 25% in adults. elevated BP, Hyperglycemia and central obesity harmfully affected in heart both physiologically and pathologically. This disease and its components, such as hyper glycemia, raised BP, Lipid profile abnomalities and central obesity are progressively more common among our people due to inactive life style. These people most commonly manifested as Heart failure but patients had normal ejection fraction (HFNEF). Persons with the metabolic syndrome have a high incidence of heart failure HF. patients with metabolic syndrome they are greater threat of cardiac events than not associated this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and Metabolic syndrome. So far there is minimal literature in our institute regarding the study of diastolic dysfunction in subjects with metabolic syndrome. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess left ventricular function in metabolic syndrome. 2. To grade the diastolic dysfunction and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Site: Department of General Medicine, Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Collaborating Departments: Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical Biochemistry. Study Design: Longitudinal study. Study Period: June 2012 to November 2012. Sample Size: Using the above mentioned criteria 50 subjects were recruited. Sampling Method: Convenience sampling method was adopted. Selection of Study Population: Inclusion Criteria: Patients meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome without co morbid illness Exclusion Criteria: • Cushing syndrome. • Hypothyroidism. • Anasarca. • Known heart disease patients. • Gout. • Polycystic ovarian disease. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was done using • Percentages, • Mean values, • Standard deviation, • Standard error, • Chi square test, • T-test unpaired, Level of significance used is 0.05 for the corresponding degree of freedom to draw the inference. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. CONCLUSION: • Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was observed in 52% of total subjects and 48% of total subjects have normal left ventricular function. 36% impaired relaxation cases and 16% pseudo normal cases contributed to th 52% prevalence of LVDD. • Recognition of pseudonormal pattern of utmost importance. It is an intermediary stage between mild impaired relaxation state and advanced restrictive filling stage. • LVDD had no correlation with blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, waist measurement, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins level. • LVDD is the earliest manifestation of metabolic disease related cardiomyopathy. Hence detecting it early will prevent disease progression to symptomatic cardiac failure and bring down the disease burden. • The clinical significance of the findings in terms of prognosis and treatment needs to be determined. • This study is a hypothesis generating study. • Hence results from our study needs to be reinvestigated using robust research designs like cohort studies. • Conventional echocardiography is a simple economical test for detecting LVDD in metabolic syndrome patients who are asymptomatic. • ECHO diagnostic factors like E/A ratio, DT and IVRT should be should be studied further and developed into accurate cost effective screening tools for screening asymptomatic LVDD

Aerosol perturbations related to volcanic eruptions during the past few centuries as recorded in an ice core from the Central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

High-resolution glacio-chemical analyses were carried out in a 62.2 m long ice core recovered from the Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, to evaluate temporal changes in environmental characteristics during the past five centuries. The sulphate (SO 4 2-) content within the core varied between 15 and 377 ppb, whereas the sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl -) content fluctuated widely from 7 to 500 ppb and 25 to 1461 ppb respectively. The computed non-sea-salt sulphate (nssSO 4 2-) record reveals the existence of several outstanding peaks that can be attributed to the sulphate aerosol deposition during large volcanic events as recorded in Antarctica and elsewhere. Major volcanic events identified at the core site include: Mt Pinatubo (1991), Agung (1963), Krakatau/Tarawera (1883/1886), Tambora (1815) and Huaynaputina (1600) among several other moderate events. Comparison of our nssSO 4 2- record with that of ice core records from Greenland reveals analogous sulphate deposition during certain major volcanic events, demonstrating the interhemispheric transport of aerosols during large volcanic eruptions. Relatively high Cl -/Na + ratio throughout the core (mean 3.1) compared to that of the sea water ratio implies additional sources of Cl -, most likely due to the intense scavenging of gaseous Cl - in the lower atmosphere

An energy-efficient cluster head selection in wireless sensor network using grey wolf optimization algorithm

Clustering is considered as one of the most prominent solutions to preserve theenergy in the wireless sensor networks. However, for optimal clustering, anenergy efficient cluster head selection is quite important. Improper selectionofcluster heads(CHs) consumes high energy compared to other sensor nodesdue to the transmission of data packets between the cluster members and thesink node. Thereby, it reduces the network lifetime and performance of thenetwork. In order to overcome the issues, we propose a novelcluster headselection approach usinggrey wolf optimization algorithm(GWO) namelyGWO-CH which considers the residual energy, intra-cluster and sink distance.In addition to that, we formulated an objective function and weight parametersfor anefficient cluster head selection and cluster formation. The proposedalgorithm is tested in different wireless sensor network scenarios by varyingthe number of sensor nodes and cluster heads. The observed results conveythat the proposed algorithm outperforms in terms of achieving better networkperformance compare to other algorithms

ArrayOme: a program for estimating the sizes of microarray-visualized bacterial genomes

ArrayOme is a new program that calculates the size of genomes represented by microarray-based probes and facilitates recognition of key bacterial strains carrying large numbers of novel genes. Protein-coding sequences (CDS) that are contiguous on annotated reference templates and classified as ‘Present’ in the test strain by hybridization to microarrays are merged into ICs (ICs). These ICs are then extended to account for flanking intergenic sequences. Finally, the lengths of all extended ICs are summated to yield the ‘microarray-visualized genome (MVG)’ size. We tested and validated ArrayOme using both experimental and in silico-generated genomic hybridization data. MVG sizing of five sequenced Escherichia coli and Shigella strains resulted in an accuracy of 97–99%, as compared to true genome sizes, when the comprehensive ShE.coli meta-array gene sequences (6239 CDS) were used for in silico hybridization analysis. However, the E.coli CFT073 genome size was underestimated by 14% as this meta-array lacked probes for many CFT073 CDS. ArrayOme permits rapid recognition of discordances between PFGE-measured genome and MVG sizes, thereby enabling high-throughput identification of strains rich in novel genes. Gene discovery studies focused on these strains will greatly facilitate characterization of the global gene pool accessible to individual bacterial species

Microstructure and Mechanical properties of Borated Stainless Steel (304B) GTA and SMA welds

Borated stainless steels are used in nuclear power plants due to their high capacity to absorb thermal neutrons.Borated Stainless Steels are being used to control neutron criticality in reactors as control rods, shieldingmaterial, spent fuel storage racks and transportation casks. In the present study, an attempt has been madeto investigate the microstructural and mechanical properties of the borated stainless steel welds made on10 mm thick plates, using SMAW and GTAW welding processes. Microstructural investigations revealed thatthe fusion zone in GTAW exhibited dendritic structure with eutectic constituents in interdendritic regions. GTAwelds failed in the partially melted zones formed (PMZ) immediately adjacent to the fusion zone, while theSMA welds failed in the base metal because of the high heat input used per pass in GTAW process resulting inlarger PMZ. The heat input in GTAW was very high compared to the SMAW while both the welds exhibited highjoint efficiencies, SMA welds were found to be superior. Impact testing revealed that welds made using SMAexhibited significantly higher toughness as the filler does not contain boron. It has been concluded that highefficiency welded joints can be made on 304B plates using both the processes