Combining literature-based and data-driven fuzzy models to predict brown trout (salmo trutta l.) spawning habitat degradation induced by climate change

[EN] A fuzzy rule-based system combining empirical data on hydraulic preferences and literature information on temperature requirements was used to foresee the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) spawning habitat degradation induced by climate change. The climatic scenarios for the Cabriel River (Eastern Iberian Peninsula) corresponded to two Representative Concentration Pathways (4.5 and 8.5) for the short (2011¿2040) and mid (2041¿2070) term horizons. The hydraulic and hydrologic modelling were undertaken with process-based numerical models (i.e., River2D© and HBV-light) while the water temperature was modelled by assembling the predictions of three machine learning techniques (M5, Multi-Adaptive Regression Splines and Support Vector Regression). The predicted rise in the water temperature will not be compensated by the more benign lower flows. Consequently, the suitable spawning habitat will be reduced between 15.4¿48.7%. The entire population shall suffer the effects of climate change and will probably be extirpated from the downstream segments of the river.The study has been partially funded by the IMPADAPT project (CGL2013-48424-C2-1-R) with Spanish MINECO (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and FEDER funds and by the Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment). The authors thank AEMET and UC for the data provided for this work (dataset Spain02). Finally, we are grateful to the colleagues who worked in the field and in preliminary data analyses; especially Marcello Minervini (funded by the EU programme of Erasmus Traineeships, at the Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Politècnica de València).Muñoz Mas, R.; Marcos-García, P.; Lopez-Nicolas, A.; Martínez-García, F.; Pulido-Velazquez, M.; Martinez-Capel, F. (2018). Combining literature-based and data-driven fuzzy models to predict brown trout (salmo trutta l.) spawning habitat degradation induced by climate change. Ecological Modelling. 386:98-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.08.012S9811438

Influence de la température sur les premiers stades de vie de trois espèces de poissons dulcicoles : étude de la survie et de la plasticité phénotypique

According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming is expected to continue over the next century, the average temperature could increase by 0.3 ° C to 4.8 ° C with extreme values ranging from 1 ° C to 6 ° C by 2100. These temperature changes will have direct and indirect consequences on the overall biodiversity and specifically fish which are poikilotherms. In this study three species were selected taking into account their reproductive strategy and their thermal tolerance: brown trout (Salmo trutta), pike (Esox lucius) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We have applied for all three species the same temperature range of from their referential temperature (-4, -2, Tref °C, +2, + 4 ° C). To carry out this study, we investigated biological traits related to survival and development during the endogenous feeding period. This work confirmed the general law of the impact of temperature during incubation phase (Q10 ~ 3). For brown trout, the results show a collapse of its population with an increase of four degrees; nevertheless surviving larvae were the longest and had a more energetic content. The survival rate of pike larvae increased when temperature increased, these larvae were the longest and the had more energetic content. The survival of the carp was not affected by temperature; nevertheless, at the lowest temperature (16°C), the larvae were smaller and had a lower energetic content. The survival results for the early stages of life are an agreement with the current distribution models. In view of this study the theoretical thermal niche species of early live stage should be undertaken to continue to refine prediction models from rangeD’après le dernier rapport du groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), le réchauffement climatique devrait se poursuivre au cours du siècle prochain. La température atmosphérique moyenne pourrait augmenter de 0,3°C à 4,8°C avec des valeurs extrêmes allant de 1°C à 6°C en 2100. Ces changements de température auront des conséquences directes et indirectes sur l’ensemble de la biodiversité et plus particulièrement sur les poissons qui sont des animaux poïkilothermes. Dans cette étude, trois espèces ont été choisies en prenant en compte leur stratégie de reproduction et leur différence de tolérance thermique : la truite commune (Salmo trutta), le brochet (Esox lucius) et la carpe commune (Cyprinus carpio). Nous avons, pour chacune des trois espèces, appliqué les mêmes différences de température par rapport à leur température de référence (-4, -2, Tref, +2, +4°C) et étudié les effets sur la survie et le développement des embryons et des larves au cours de l’ensemble de la période d’alimentation endogène. Ce travail a confirmé la loi générale de l’impact de la température sur la période d’incubation (Q10 ~3). La truite commune montre une forte diminution de sa survie lors d’une augmentation de quatre degrés, néanmoins les larves survivantes sont plus grandes et ont un contenu énergétique plus important. La survie des larves de brochet augmente avec la température, ces larves sont les plus grandes et leur contenu énergétique est plus important à la température la plus élevée. La survie de la carpe n’est pas affectée par la température ; néanmoins les larves élevées à basse température sont les plus petites et présentent un faible contenu énergétique. Les résultats de survie pour les premiers stades de vie sont en concordance avec les modélisations des aires de répartition actuelle. Dans le futur, la prise en compte de la niche thermique théorique des premiers stades de vie pourrait permettre d’affiner les prévisions des aires de répartitio

Influence of temperature on early life stages of three species of freshwater fish : study of survical on sterotypic plasticity

D’après le dernier rapport du groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), le réchauffement climatique devrait se poursuivre au cours du siècle prochain. La température atmosphérique moyenne pourrait augmenter de 0,3°C à 4,8°C avec des valeurs extrêmes allant de 1°C à 6°C en 2100. Ces changements de température auront des conséquences directes et indirectes sur l’ensemble de la biodiversité et plus particulièrement sur les poissons qui sont des animaux poïkilothermes. Dans cette étude, trois espèces ont été choisies en prenant en compte leur stratégie de reproduction et leur différence de tolérance thermique : la truite commune (Salmo trutta), le brochet (Esox lucius) et la carpe commune (Cyprinus carpio). Nous avons, pour chacune des trois espèces, appliqué les mêmes différences de température par rapport à leur température de référence (-4, -2, Tref, +2, +4°C) et étudié les effets sur la survie et le développement des embryons et des larves au cours de l’ensemble de la période d’alimentation endogène. Ce travail a confirmé la loi générale de l’impact de la température sur la période d’incubation (Q10 ~3). La truite commune montre une forte diminution de sa survie lors d’une augmentation de quatre degrés, néanmoins les larves survivantes sont plus grandes et ont un contenu énergétique plus important. La survie des larves de brochet augmente avec la température, ces larves sont les plus grandes et leur contenu énergétique est plus important à la température la plus élevée. La survie de la carpe n’est pas affectée par la température ; néanmoins les larves élevées à basse température sont les plus petites et présentent un faible contenu énergétique. Les résultats de survie pour les premiers stades de vie sont en concordance avec les modélisations des aires de répartition actuelle. Dans le futur, la prise en compte de la niche thermique théorique des premiers stades de vie pourrait permettre d’affiner les prévisions des aires de répartitionAccording to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming is expected to continue over the next century, the average temperature could increase by 0.3 ° C to 4.8 ° C with extreme values ranging from 1 ° C to 6 ° C by 2100. These temperature changes will have direct and indirect consequences on the overall biodiversity and specifically fish which are poikilotherms. In this study three species were selected taking into account their reproductive strategy and their thermal tolerance: brown trout (Salmo trutta), pike (Esox lucius) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We have applied for all three species the same temperature range of from their referential temperature (-4, -2, Tref °C, +2, + 4 ° C). To carry out this study, we investigated biological traits related to survival and development during the endogenous feeding period. This work confirmed the general law of the impact of temperature during incubation phase (Q10 ~ 3). For brown trout, the results show a collapse of its population with an increase of four degrees; nevertheless surviving larvae were the longest and had a more energetic content. The survival rate of pike larvae increased when temperature increased, these larvae were the longest and the had more energetic content. The survival of the carp was not affected by temperature; nevertheless, at the lowest temperature (16°C), the larvae were smaller and had a lower energetic content. The survival results for the early stages of life are an agreement with the current distribution models. In view of this study the theoretical thermal niche species of early live stage should be undertaken to continue to refine prediction models from rang

Effects of temperature on the survival and development of the early life stages of northern pike ( Esox lucius )

International audienceIn the context of global change, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on the survival rate and various variables (development time, morphometric measures, energy values) for both embryos and post-hatch stages until first food intake of northern pike ( Esox lucius ). We applied five constant temperatures (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 °C) and their effects were analyzed during the entire endogenous feeding period at three stages: hatching, emergence and first food intake. Around 80,000 eggs from five females and five males were used. As expected, the development time was three times longer at 8 than at 16 °C. The survival rate of well-formed post-hatch stages at the end of the endogenous feeding period was similar between temperatures: 76% (10 °C), 73% (12 °C), 72% (14 °C), 72% (16 °C), except at 8 °C (70%). Also at 16 °C, post-hatch stages were larger and had the highest energy value when starting feeding exogenously. These results are in accordance with current models that predict an increase of the distribution area of northern pike in France in coming decades associated with climate change projections (1 to 5 °C increase by 2100 for France)

A Novel Dop2/Invertebrate-Type Dopamine Signaling System Potentially Mediates Stress, Female Reproduction, and Early Development in the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

International audienceThe dopaminergic signaling pathway is involved in many physiological functions in vertebrates, but poorly documented in protostome species except arthropods. We functionally characterized a novel dopamine receptor in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), activated by dopamine and tyramine with different efficacy and potency orders. This receptor-Cragi-DOP2R-belongs to the D 1-like family of receptors and corresponds to the first representative of the Dop2/invertebratetype dopamine receptor (Dop2/INDR) group ever identified in Lophotrochozoa. Cragi-DOP2R transcripts were expressed in various adult tissues, with higher expression levels in the visceral ganglia and the gills. Following an experiment under acute osmotic conditions, Cragi-DOP2R transcripts significantly increased in the visceral ganglia and decreased in the gills, suggesting a role of dopamine signaling in the mediation of osmotic stress. Furthermore, a role of the Cragi-DOP2R signaling pathway in female gametogenesis and in early oyster development was strongly suggested by the significantly higher levels of receptor transcripts in mature female gonads and in the early embryonic stages

Temperature affects growth allometry and development patterns in brown trout (Salmo trutta) fry: a multitrait approach

To study the influence of temperature (4, 6, and 12 °C) on the development of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from hatching to the end of metamorphosis, an analysis of allometric growth patterns was conducted to identify two different groups of individuals, namely developmental phases at total lengths (TL) ranging from 2.72 cm at 4 °C to 2.22 cm at 12 °C. Then, a multitrait approach considering different variables like the survival rate, development time, morphometric characteristics, energetic value, and skeletal mineralization was conducted on these two groups. Results indicated that the first growth phase was slower at 4 °C, whereas the second was also slower at this temperature, even though swimming behavior was already present. However, at 12 °C, fry showed a delay in their development (i.e., lower levels of skeletal mineralization and energetic content) during the first growth phase, but they compensated during the second growth phase, reaching the same size in TL when compared with the other temperatures (4 and 6 °C); fry at 12 C° showed low energy reserves. Our study demonstrated that the use of an allometric analysis to identify different developmental stages coupled with a multitrait approach was more efficient than a classical distinction between biological stages (hatching, emergence, first food intake, and exogenous feeding), and this procedure is of interest when evaluating the impact of rearing conditions on early development in fish.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Molecular and physiological characterization of a crustacean cardioactive signaling system in a lophotrochozoan – the Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ): a role in reproduction and salinity acclimation

International audienceABSTRACT The crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) is an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes in arthropods. Although this family of peptides has an ancestral origin, its function remains poorly understood among protostome species – apart from arthropods. We functionally characterized three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, phylogenetically related to ecdysozoan CCAP receptors (CCAPRs) and to chordate neuropeptide S receptors (NPSRs). Cragi-CCAPR1 and Cragi-CCAPR2 were specifically activated by the Cragi-CCAP1 and Cragi-CCAP2 peptides, respectively, both derived from the same CCAP precursor. In contrast, Cragi-CCAPR3 was only partially activated by CCAP1 and CCAP2 at high concentrations. The Cragi-CCAPR1 and Cragi-CCAPR2 genes were expressed in various adult tissues. They are both most expressed in the gills, while Cragi-CCAPR3 is mainly expressed in the visceral ganglia (VG). Cragi-CCAP precursor transcripts are higher in the VG, the labial palps and the gills. Receptor and ligand-encoding transcripts are more abundantly expressed in the gonads in the first stages of gametogenesis, while the Cragi-CCAP precursor is upregulated in the VG in the last stages of gametogenesis. This suggests a role of the CCAP signaling system in the regulation of reproductive processes. A role in water and ionic regulation is also supported considering the differential expression of the CCAP signaling components in oysters exposed to brackish water

Heat shocks during egg incubation led to developmental, morphological, and behavioral differences in Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus )

International audienceAbstract Temperature variation is affecting fish biodiversity worldwide, causing changes in geographic distribution, phenotypic structure, and even species extinction. Incubation is a critical stage for stenothermic species, which are vulnerable to large temperature fluctuations, and its effects on the phenotype at later developmental stages are understudied, despite the fact that the phenotype being essential for organism ecology and evolution. In this study, we tested the effects of heat shocks during the embryonic period on the phenotype of Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ). We repeatedly quantified multiple phenotypic traits, including morphology, development, and behavior, over a period of 4 months, from hatching to juvenile stage in individuals that had experienced heat shocks (+ 5°C on 24 h, seven times) during their embryonic stage and those that had not. We found that heat shocks led to smaller body size at hatching and a lower sociability. Interestingly, these effects weakened throughout the development of individuals and even reversed in the case of body size. We also found an accelerated growth rate and a higher body condition in the presence of heat shocks. Our study provides evidence that heat shocks experienced during incubation can have long‐lasting effects on an individual's phenotype. This highlights the importance of the incubation phase for the development of ectothermic organisms and suggests that temperature fluctuations may have significant ecological and evolutionary implications for Arctic charr. Given the predicted increase in extreme events and the unpredictability of temperature fluctuations, it is critical to further investigate their effects on development by examining fluctuations that vary in frequency and intensity

Strong Effects of Temperature on the Early Life Stages of a Cold Stenothermal Fish Species, Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.).

Temperature is the main abiotic factor that influences the life cycle of poikilotherms. The present study investigated the thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity of several parameters (development time, morphometric measures, bioenergetics) for both embryos and fry of a cold stenothermal fish species, brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in order to allow for a holistic evaluation of the potential effects of temperature. Five temperatures (4°C, 6°C, 8°C, 10°C, and 12°C) were tested, and the effects of temperature were analyzed at three stages: hatching, emergence, and first food intake. A mean of 5,440 (S.E. ± 573) eggs, coming from seven females and seven males (seven families) captured close to Linkebeek (Belgium), were used for each temperature. Maximum survival of well-formed fry at first food intake and better use of energy budget were found at 6°C and 8°C, temperatures at which the possible contribution to the next generation should therefore be greatest. At 12°C, the experimental population fell dramatically (0.9% survival rate for well-formed fry at first food intake), and fry had almost no yolk sac at first food intake. The present results on survival at 12°C are in accordance with predictions of a sharp decrease in brown trout numbers in France over the coming decades according to climate change projections (1°C to 5°C temperature rise by 2100 for France). At 10°C, there was also a lower survival rate (55.4% at first food intake). At 4°C, the survival rate was high (76.4% at first food intake), but the deformity rate was much higher (22% at first food intake) than at 6°C, 8°C, and 10°C. The energetic budget showed that at the two extreme temperatures (4°C and 12°C) there was less energy left in the yolk sac at first food intake, suggesting a limited ability to survive starvation

Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signaling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas )

International audienc