195 research outputs found
Creating a Community of Support: An Evaluation of the Healing for Educational Achievement Resource Team
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Healing for Educational Achievement Resource Team (H.E.A.R.T.). H.E.A.R.T. is a committee of staff at a middle school in Dorchester. Dorchester is a violence hotspot in Boston, MA, and students in such areas need to heal from traumas while meeting academic requirements. In order to meet their studentsâ needs and achieve their goals, schools need to practice trauma informed care. H.E.A.R.T. represents a staff-driven effort to meet student needs and establish trauma informed care. H.E.A.R.T.âs effectiveness was evaluated through surveys and interviews of committee members, interviews of the schoolâs administration, and an interview of H.E.A.R.T.âs facilitator, as well as through researcher participation in the committee. The findings identified strategies for success such as: clear goals, hard work, and the use of action teams to work on multiple projects simultaneously. Areas of improvement were identified as: communication with administration and other school committees; building relationships with community organizations in order to form collaborations; and keeping goals clear. H.E.A.R.T.âs impact in its first year was limited to the students who participated in its interventions and the staff in the committee.
The findings indicate that beginning this work for trauma informed care is slow and challenging and that the strategies and learnings from this start-up year can be used to benefit all students and staff. H.E.A.R.T.âs strategies and learnings could be used to benefit their whole school. The findings correspond with theories and other research, which indicate that H.E.A.R.T.âs work could be adapted to benefit other schools
Advancing coastal ocean modelling, analysis, and prediction for the US Integrated Ocean Observing System
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Taylor & Francis for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Operational Oceanography 10 (2017): 115-126, doi:10.1080/1755876X.2017.1322026.This paper outlines strategies that would advance coastal ocean modeling, analysis and prediction as a complement to the observing and data management activities of the coastal components of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOSŸ) and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The views presented are the consensus of a group of U.S. based researchers with a cross-section of coastal oceanography and ocean modeling expertise and community representation drawn from Regional and U.S. Federal partners in IOOS. Priorities for research and development are suggested that would enhance the value of IOOS observations through model-based synthesis, deliver better model-based information products, and assist the design, evaluation and operation of the observing system itself. The proposed priorities are: model coupling, data assimilation, nearshore processes, cyberinfrastructure and model skill assessment, modeling for observing system design, evaluation and operation, ensemble prediction, and fast predictors. Approaches are suggested to accomplish substantial progress in a 3-8 year timeframe. In addition, the group proposes steps to promote collaboration between research and operations groups in Regional Associations, U.S. Federal Agencies, and the international ocean research community in general that would foster coordination on scientific and technical issues, and strengthen federal-academic partnerships benefiting IOOS stakeholders and end users.2018-05-2
The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System: Governance Milestones and Lessons From Two Decades of Growth
Reflecting on two decades of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is particularly timely during the OceanObs'19 meeting. Over the past twenty years since the first OceanObs meeting was convened, U.S. IOOS has advanced from regional proofs of concept to a national, sustained enterprise. U.S. IOOS has grown to include 17 Federal partners and 11 Regional Associations (RAs) that implement regional observing systems covering all U.S. coasts and Great Lakes with activities spanning from head of tide to the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as lead agency, provides guidance and national-level coordination. An interagency body, the Integrated Ocean Observation Committee (IOOC), communicates across federal agencies and ensures IOOS maintains strong connections to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Additionally, a federal advisory committee, non-federal association, and various informal partnerships further inform and advance the IOOS enterprise. This governance structure fosters both national consistency, regional flexibility, and global contributions addressing the diverse needs of U.S. coastal and Great Lakes stakeholders
Dearth and the English revolution : the harvest crisis of 1647-50
This article reconstructs the nature and scale of dearth in the late 1640s, emphasizing the coincidence of economic distress with constitutional crisis. It reconsiders the parish register evidence for subsistence crisis; examines the responses of central and local government; analyses the role of popular agency, especially though petitioning campaigns, in prompting reluctant magistrates to regulate the grain markets along lines stipulated by the late Elizabethan and early Stuart dearth orders, which had not been proclaimed since 1630; and accordingly suggests that the late 1640s represents a missing link in the historiography of responses to harvest failure
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Thinking outside the gundeck: maritime history, the royal navy, and the outbreak of British civil war, 1625-1642
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Thinking outside the gundeck: maritime history, the royal navy and the outbreak of British civil war, 1625â1642, Historical Research, vol. 87 no. 236 (2014), pp. 251-274, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2281.12049/full. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.Maritime history seems to be suffering an identity crisis, rising in popularity but unsure of its place within historical scholarship and divided in approach. Seafarers, as a consequence, have remained marginal within mainstream history. This article argues that only by integrating the study of maritime topics into wider historical debates can maritime history overcome these doubts, taking as a case study the role of seafarers and the navy in British politics during 1625â42. First examining previous interpretations offered by scholars, largely based on a conception of seafarers as politically and socially isolated from developments ashore, the article then reassesses the available evidence for popular political activity within the maritime community. It argues that seafarers were deeply involved in the political and religious divisions that drove Britain into civil war in 1642; and, more broadly, that scholars should recognize the importance of both local and global approaches to maritime history â that they should think outside the gundeck.Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC
Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric resolution, identification, and screening of non-covalent complexes of Hck Src homology 2 domain receptor and ligands from a 324-member peptide combinatorial library
Potential immunosuppressive effects of Escherichia coli O157:H7 experimental infection on the bovine host
Background: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), like E. coli O157:H7 are frequently detected in bovine faecal samples at slaughter. Cattle do not show clinical symptoms upon infection, but for humans the consequences after consuming contaminated beef can be severe. The immune response against EHEC in cattle cannot always clear the infection as persistent colonization and shedding in infected animals over a period of months often occurs. In previous infection trials, we observed a primary immune response after infection which was unable to protect cattle from reinfection. These results may reflect a suppression of certain immune pathways, making cattle more prone to persistent colonization after re-infection. To test this, RNA-Seq was used for transcriptome analysis of recto-anal junction tissue and ileal Peyer's patches in nine Holstein-Friesian calves in response to a primary and secondary Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection with the Shiga toxin (Stx) negative NCTC12900 strain. Non-infected calves served as controls.
Results: In tissue of the recto-anal junction, only 15 genes were found to be significantly affected by a first infection compared to 1159 genes in the ileal Peyer's patches. Whereas, re-infection significantly changed the expression of 10 and 17 genes in the recto-anal junction tissue and the Peyer's patches, respectively. A significant downregulation of 69 immunostimulatory genes and a significant upregulation of seven immune suppressing genes was observed.
Conclusions: Although the recto-anal junction is a major site of colonization, this area does not seem to be modulated upon infection to the same extent as ileal Peyer's patches as the changes in gene expression were remarkably higher in the ileal Peyer's patches than in the recto-anal junction during a primary but not a secondary infection. We can conclude that the main effect on the transcriptome was immunosuppression by E. coli O157: H7 (Stx(-)) due to an upregulation of immune suppressive effects (7/12 genes) or a downregulation of immunostimulatory effects (69/94 genes) in the ileal Peyer's patches. These data might indicate that a primary infection promotes a re-infection with EHEC by suppressing the immune function
Albert Camus : la tentation de l'innocence
Lâexistence du mal et de la souffrance pose dee problĂšmes pour toute philosophie et nâa Jamais cessĂ© de provoquer des explications diverses sans jamais apporter de solution definitive. Dans le monde occidentale la solution la plus rĂ©pandue est celle quâoffre le christianisme. LâAfrique du Nord oĂč Camus passe les jours de son enfance et
de as jeunesse a fourni de grands noms au christienisme.
Leur descendant reculĂ©, an niant les principes auxquelles ils ont adhĂ©rĂ©es, neanmins se prĂ©ocoupe beaucoup de christianisme en cherchant une explication au problĂšme du mal dans le monde moderne. Comme il ne peut nier le mal et quâil est trop assoiffĂ© de clarte pour subtiliser la responsabilitĂ© de Dieu, il reste incroyant.
Le christianisme reprĂ©sente, pour Camus une evasion de l'angoisse' quâĂ©prouve lâhomme moderne en face de l'absurde. Ll y a une tendance universelle Ă vouloix Ă©viter l'incertitude et câest ce que Camus veut dire quand il parle d'une ânostalgie d 'unitĂ©â. Mais lâhomme lance Ă la conquĂȘte de la totalitĂ© devient coupable de la dĂ©mesure et le'saut dans le refuge transcendant qui porte l'homme hors de lâimpasse qui confronte l'esprit douĂ© de raison, est purement illusoire. Pour le chrĂ©tien, lâidĂ©e dâun Dieu, mĂȘme d'un Juge supreme, offer quelque chose de rassurant, car celui qui condamne peut aussi pardonner. Le chrĂ©tien exige que tout devienne simple comme pour l'enfant, que chaque acte soit commandĂ©, que le bien et le mal soient dĂ©signĂ©s de façon arbitraire. Mais Camus censure l'homme qui, confrontĂ© avec lee misĂšres de ce monde seresigne et benit la main de Dieu. Pour lui âle bonheuer ces angesâ nâa pas de sens.
N'est-il donc pas paradoxal que Camus montre un intĂȘrĂȘt particulier aux notions de l'innocence et de la culpabilitĂ© quand il nie lâexistence d'un transcendant, quand il vit en effet, dans un temps oĂč la mort de Dieu est Presque partout proclamee.
Alors; pourquoi l'homme conteinporain Ă©prouve-t-il cette tendance
de se sentir coupable, ce besoin de se prouver innocent?
Car la frĂ©quence de ces thĂšmes doit frapper le lecteur de la litterature modern - dans lâoeuvre de Kafka, de Koestler, de Dostoievski, de Gide.
C'est le but de cette dissertation de montrer que dans le monde camusien, malgrĂ© cette apparente contradiction, il existe une notion du bien et du mal, de l 'innocence et de la culpabilitĂ©, dont l 'homme ne se dĂ©barrasse pas en se dĂ©livrant de Dieu. Notre premier chapi tre va examiner le caractĂ©re de ce monde en essayant de dĂ©terminer comnent peuvent s'Ă©lever ces notions dans un univers absurde. L'existence ce tells notions Ă©stablie) Camus prĂ©sente lea suggestions diverses qui sâoffrent Ă l'homme confrontĂ© avec le desir de se dĂ©faire de la culpabilitĂ©, ou de retrouver son innocence. Camus rejette tout a fait la solution chrĂ©tienne qui implique une dĂ©pendance directe d'un Etre supreme Ă qui Lâhomme est, en fin de compte responsable ; il rejette une solution telle
qu'offre Claudel -que l'homme peut atteindre Ă le grĂące par lâentremise de la femme .... naturellement plus proche Ă Dieu, une source de le souffrance mais Ă la fois lâinstrument du salut.
Pour Claudel, un etre charge de signification, la femme chez Camus et loin dâĂȘtre un personage privilĂ©giĂ©.
Camus arrive a une toute autre solution qui ne depend ni dâun dieu lointain, ni dâun etre humain, mais dâune decision tout Ă fait personnelle. Lâhomme pour Camus est las plus
grande valeur et l 'humiliation devant Dieu n'est pas digne de lui, Camus ecrit:
âSi le christianisme est pessimiste quant Ă lâhomme, il est optimiste quant Ă la destinĂ©e humaine. Eh bien! Je dirai que pessimiste quant Ă la destinĂše humaine, je suis optimiste quant a lâhomme.â
Lâhomme est capable de se sauver tout seul, do ses efforts individuels.
Quand nous aurons determine ce que signifient les notions de la culpabilitĂ© et de l'innocence selon la pensĂ©e de Camus nous allons essayer de tirer une conclusion systeĂ©mstique et consĂ©quente des Ă©noncĂ©s et des illustrations diverses de ces concepts, exprimes par Camus ou par ses personnages au cours de son oeurve. L'examen des notions de lâinnocence et de la culpabilitĂ© fait naitre des problĂšmes dont la complexitĂ© Camus mĂȘme l 'admet, et les alternatives qu'll offre ne sont pas du tout definitives. Il est tout Ă fait Ă©vident que Camus ne soutient pas toutes les solutions quâll avance â il peut les nier complĂštement (es quâil fait des tentatives de trouver un etat d'innocence dĂ©crites dans notre troisiĂšme chapitre), ou il peut les nier partiellement (ce quâil fait des suggestions offertes par lee personnuses examinĂšs dans noa quatriĂšme et cinquiĂšme chapitres). Il semble y avoir, du moins Ă premiĂšre vue, une Ă©norme contradiction quand Camus Ă©crit:
1. ... âsi, pour luiâ (lâesprit pĂ©netrĂ© de lâabsurde)âil peut y avoir des reaponsables, il n'y a pas decoupablesâ.
2. âLa question est de savo1r si ⊠sans prĂ©tention a une impossible innocence, elle (la revolte) peut dĂ©couvir le principe dâune culpabilitĂ© raisonnableâ.
3. ⊠ânous ne pouvons affirmer lâinnocence de personne, tandis que nous pouvons affirmer Ă coup sur la culpabilitĂ© de tousâ.
Cette these espere rĂ©soudre oette apparente contradiction en examinant les at oeuvres, et montrer que l'existence de tells constatations exprimant l'innocence absolue (Ch.II), la culpabilitĂ© absolu.e (Ch.Vl) et, entre les deux, une tentative dâun compromis (Ch.III, IV & V) n'est pas une indication de l'indecision ou de la confusion de la part de Camus.
Cette charge, en effet, peut ĂȘtre plus justifiablement lancĂ©e Contre ses critiques. Bien que beaucoup d'entre eux se soient attaquĂ©s au problĂ©me de l'innocence et de la culpabilite, peu d'entre eux l'ont fait d'une maniĂšre profonde et comprehensive, et leurs dĂ©cisions sont loins d'ĂȘtre unanimes. La plupart de ces critiques se contentent de discuter ces notions par rapport Ă une oeuvreparticuliĂšre - le plus souvent a La Chute oĂč l'insietance sur lâopposition entre l'innocence et la culpabilitĂ© est la plus evidente. Mais mĂȘme parmi les critiques de La Chute il ya une diversitĂ© d'interprĂ©tation
et personne ne tente de les collationner dans une seule etude comprĂ©hensive (oe que nous easaierons ae faitte dans notre dernier chapitre). Deux etudes des notions de lâinnocence et de la culpabilite qu'on pourait croire comprehensives sont Les Innocents et Les Coupables de Carina Gadourek, et la thĂšse de Julia Husson âInnocence et CulpabilitĂ© dans l'oeurve dâAlbert Camus.â. La premiĂšre de cea Ă©tudes
nous semble tout a fait inadĂ©quate. Carina Gadourek emploie le titre de Les Innocents et Les Coupables en prĂ©texte d'une etude gĂ©nĂ©rale sur lâoeuvre de Camus y compris des observations sur la mĂ©thode de narration et des rĂ©sumĂ©s de lâaction,
sans beaucoup de critique au sujet particulier de lâinnocence et de la culpabilitĂ©. La thĂšse Mme Husson tire quelques conclusions gĂ©nĂ©rales et valables. Maia lĂ oĂč elle voit un dĂ©veloppement qui indique un revirement dâopinion dĂ©cisif, noue n'enviaageons qu'un changement d'accent, en maintenant que les possibilitĂ©s de lânnoccence et de la culpabilitĂ© sont toujours exprimĂ©es dans chaque livre, et quâau cours de son oeuvre Camus les examine toutes, dans un progress losique qui finit Ă l'appui de la mesure, de âla voie moyenne"
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