Billige Bilder

Die vorliegende zweite Auflage der Katalogpublikation erscheint begleitend zur Ausstellung »Billige Bilder. Populäre Kunstgeschichte in Monografien und Mappenwerken seit 1900 am Beispiel Albrecht Dürer« in der Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin, 25. April – 27. Juni 2019. Die Berliner Ausstellung greift dabei eine Ausstellung in der Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen auf, die im Herbst 2016 stattfand und in Kooperation mit dortigen Studierenden der Fächer Kunstgeschichte und Kunst konzipiert wurde. Ausstellungsführer der Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin Nr. 60In der Zeit um 1900 wurden illustrierte Kunstbücher und preiswerte Bildermappen von spezialisierten Verlagshäusern weithin vermarktet. Der kulturgeschichtliche Schatz der Meisterwerke, der bis dahin das geistige Privileg einer schmalen Bildungselite gewesen war, hielt nun in in jedem Haushalt Einzug. In der breitenwirksamen Vermittlung wandelte sich Kunstgeschichte von einer vornehmlich akademischen Disziplin zu einer Populärwissenschaft, in der die Reproduktion eine eigenständige Aussagekraft gewann. Dem Problemfeld des »billigen Bildes« und seinen mediengeschichtlichen und bildungspolitischen Implikationen widmete sich die vorliegende Publikation am Beispiel des Künstlers Albrecht Dürer, der durch die neuen Möglichkeiten der Reproduktion zu einer regelrechten populären Ikone wurde

Metatranscriptome of marine bacterioplankton during winter time in the North Sea assessed by total RNA sequencing

Marine metatranscriptome data was generated as part of a study investigating the bacterioplankton communities towards the end of a diatom-dominated spring phytoplankton bloom. This genomic resource article reports a metatranscriptomic dataset from amidst the winter time prior to the occurrence of the spring diatom bloom. Up to 58% of all sequences could be assigned to predicted genes. Taxonomic analysis based on expressed 16S ribosomal RNA genes identified Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria as the most active community members

Diversity and activity of marine bacterioplankton during a diatom bloom in the North Sea assessed by total RNA and pyrotag sequencing

A recent investigation of bacterioplankton communities in the German Bight towards the end of a diatom-dominated spring phytoplankton bloom revealed pronounced successions of distinct bacterial clades. A combination of metagenomics and metaproteomics indicated that these clades had distinct substrate spectra and consumed different algal substrates. In this study we re-analyzed samples from the initial study by total community RNA (metatranscriptomics) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. This complementary approach provided new insights into the community composition and expressed genes as well as the assessment of metabolic activity levels of distinct clades. Flavobacteria (genera Ulvibacter, Formosa, and Polaribacter), Alphaproteobacteria (SAR11 clade and Rhodobacteraceae) and Gammaproteobacteria (genus Reinekea and SAR92 clade) were the most abundant taxa. Mapping of the metatranscriptome data on assembled and taxonomically classified metagenome data of the same samples substantiated that Formosa and Polaribacter acted as major algal polymer degraders, whereas Rhodobacteraceae and Reinekea spp. exhibited less specialized substrate spectra. In addition, we found that members of the Rhodobacteraceae and SAR92 clade showed high metabolic activity levels, which suggests that these clades played a more important role during the bloom event as indicated by their in situ abundances

Recurring patterns in bacterioplankton dynamics during coastal spring algae blooms

A process of global importance in carbon cycling is the remineralization of algae biomass by heterotrophic bacteria, most notably during massive marine algae blooms. Such blooms can trigger secondary blooms of planktonic bacteria that consist of swift successions of distinct bacterial clades, most prominently members of the Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria and the alphaproteobacterial Roseobacter clade. We investigated such successions during spring phytoplankton blooms in the southern North Sea (German Bight) for four consecutive years. Dense sampling and high-resolution taxonomic analyses allowed the detection of recurring patterns down to the genus level. Metagenome analyses also revealed recurrent patterns at the functional level, in particular with respect to algal polysaccharide degradation genes. We demonstrate that even though there is substantial inter-annual variation between spring phytoplankton blooms, the accompanying succession of bacterial clades is not a purely stochastic process, but also governed by deterministic principles such as substrate-induced forcing

BAL Cell Gene Expression Is Indicative of Outcome and Airway Basal Cell Involvement in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

RATIONALE: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with a variable and unpredictable course. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether BAL cell gene expression is predictive of survival in IPF. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the BAL transcriptome of three independent IPF cohorts: Freiburg (Germany), Siena (Italy), and Leuven (Belgium) including 212 patients. BAL cells from 20 healthy volunteers, 26 patients with sarcoidosis stage III and IV, and 29 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were used as control subjects. Survival analysis was performed by Cox models and component-wise boosting. Presence of airway basal cells was tested by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,582 genes were predictive of mortality in the IPF derivation cohort in univariate analyses adjusted for age and sex at false discovery rate less than 0.05. A nine-gene signature, derived from the discovery cohort (Freiburg), performed well in both replication cohorts, Siena (P < 0.0032) and Leuven (P = 0.0033). nCounter expression analysis confirmed the array results (P < 0.0001). The genes associated with mortality in BAL cells were significantly enriched for genes expressed in airway basal cells. Further analyses by gene expression, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry showed an increase in airway basal cells in BAL and tissues of IPF compared with control subjects, but not in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or sarcoidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify and validate a BAL signature that predicts mortality in IPF and improves the accuracy of outcome prediction based on clinical parameters. The BAL signature associated with mortality unmasks a potential role for airway basal cells in IPF.status: publishe

BAL Cell Gene Expression is Indicative of Outcome and Airway Basal Cell Involvement in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

IRationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with a variable and unpredictable course. Objectives: To determine whether BAL cell gene expression is predictive of survival in IPF. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the BAL transcriptome of three independent IPF cohorts: Freiburg (Germany), Siena (Italy), and Leuven (Belgium) including 212 patients. BAL cells from 20 healthy volunteers, 26 patients with sarcoidosis stage III and IV, and 29 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were used as control subjects. Survival analysis was performed by Cox models and component-wise boosting. Presence of airway basal cells was tested by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,582 genes were predictive of mortality in the IPF derivation cohort in univariate analyses adjusted for age and sex at false discovery rate less than 0.05. A nine-gene signature, derived from the discovery cohort (Freiburg), performed well in both replication cohorts, Siena (P < 0.0032) and Leuven (P = 0.0033). nCounter expression analysis confirmed the array results (P < 0.0001). The genes associated with mortality in BAL cells were significantly enriched for genes expressed in airway basal cells. Further analyses by gene expression, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry showed an increase in airway basal cells in BAL and tissues of IPF compared with control subjects, but not in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or sarcoidosis. Conclusions: Our results identify and validate a BAL signature that predicts mortality in IPF and improves the accuracy of outcome prediction based on clinical parameters. The BAL signature associated with mortality unmasks a potential role for airway basal cells in IPF