The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature

The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19–20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maintained or changed now that molecular data are routinely available. The issue is urgent as mycologists currently follow different practices, and no consensus was achieved by a Special Committee appointed in 2005 by the International Botanical Congress to advise on the problem. The Declaration recognizes the need for an orderly transitition to a single-name nomenclatural system for all fungi, and to provide mechanisms to protect names that otherwise then become endangered. That is, meaning that priority should be given to the first described name, except where that is a younger name in general use when the first author to select a name of a pleomorphic monophyletic genus is to be followed, and suggests controversial cases are referred to a body, such as the ICTF, which will report to the Committee for Fungi. If appropriate, the ICTF could be mandated to promote the implementation of the Declaration. In addition, but not forming part of the Declaration, are reports of discussions held during the symposium on the governance of the nomenclature of fungi, and the naming of fungi known only from an environmental nucleic acid sequence in particular. Possible amendments to the Draft BioCode (2011) to allow for the needs of mycologists are suggested for further consideration, and a possible example of how a fungus only known from the environment might be described is presented

Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org)

Parastagonosporella fallopiae gen. et sp. nov. (Phaeosphaeriaceae) on Fallopia convolvulus from Iran

Phaeosphaeriaceae is a species-rich family in the order Pleosporales, encompassing species with diverse lifestyles viz., endophytic, epiphytic, lichenicolous, phytopathogenic, saprobic and even human pathogenic. In a survey on biodiversity of fungal species associated with leaf spot diseases of herbaceous plants in Iran, a coelomycetous fungus was recovered from symptomatic leaves of Fallopia convolvulus. Morphologically, the fungal isolates resembled species in the genus Parastagonospora. Although the phylogenetic analysis based on combined LSU and ITS sequence data placed these isolates within the family Phaeosphaeriaceae, they clustered distinct from presently known genera in the family. The monotypic genus Parastagonosporella (Phaeosphaeriaceae) is therefore introduced, with Parastagonosporella fallopiae as type species. A detailed description is provided, with notes discussing allied genera in the family.</p

Ontwikkeling van toepassingen met plasmawater in de glastuinbouw

In collaboration with Vitalfluid, TU Eindhoven, FloraHolland, Bactimm, Alewijnse and Medical faculty of UMC Radboud Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture studied horticultural application for the use of plasma activated water. This research was funded by the GO programm Oost Nederland, the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRO) and Top sector Horticulture & Propagation materials. By using a specialized plasma reactor, an indirect air dielectric barrier discharge in close proximity to water can create an acidified, nitrogen-oxide containing solution called plasma-activated water (PAW). Plasma water is tested for properties as a biocidal product, plant protection treatment and as a fertilizer in horticultural applications. Mild plasma water with a short production time (15 min) can effectively control bacteria and meet the biocidal product legislation. Strong plasma water with a longer production time (45 min) is necessary for controlling molds as Fusarium, Botrytis and powdery mildew. The tomato mosaic virus can be reduced with strong plasma up to 80%. The crop treatments showed no damage on young gerbera plants, lettuce and tomato plants. Application of plasma water through the irrigation system to promote plant growth is not promising, because nitrogen supply is in general not limited. Application as seed disinfection is possible with low concentrations of plasma water

ოთარ კვანტრიშვილი და ჯანო ბაგრატიონი

მარცხნივ დგას-ოთარ კვანტრიშვილი. მარჯვნივ-ჯანო ბაგრატიონიოთარ კვანტრიშვილი - ბიზნესმენი, სპორტის ოსტატი (ბერძნულ-რომაული სტილით ჭიდაობა). ჯანო ბაგრატიონი-სპორტსმენი, მწვთნელი,სახელმწიფო მოხელე