Calculation of modes of work of Bilche-Volytska-Uherska underground gas storage (program complex)

The functionality description of the developed software approved on real date is given in the article. Examples of the solution of specific problems and the analysis of assumption on which development of the modeling software is based are described. The functionality description of the developed software approved on real date is given in the article. Examples of the solution of specific problems and the analysis of assumption on which development of the modeling software is based are described

Replacement of buffer gas with nitrogen in gas storage formations (models, methods, numerical experiments)

The paper gives description of the object of study - reservoir of the underground gas storage facility. A problem of replacement of buffer gas with nitrogen is raised and the problem formulations for its candidate solution are shown. A mathematical model of replacing buffer gas with nitrogen is proposed, which includes filtering model and convection model - diffusion of gases with concentrated sources. For the cases of unmixing gases the algorithm was developed for finding the propagation path of nitrogen. Numerical experiments were carried out

Improve in-depth immunological risk assessment to optimize genetic-compatibility and clinical outcomes in child and adolescent recipients of parental donor kidney transplants: protocol for the INCEPTION study

Background: Parental donor kidney transplantation is the most common treatment option for children and adolescents with kidney failure. Emerging data from observational studies have reported improved short- and medium-term allograft outcomes in recipients of paternal compared to maternal donors. The INCEPTION study aims to identify potential differences in immunological compatibility between maternal and paternal donor kidneys and ascertain how this affects kidney allograft outcomes in children and adolescents with kidney failure.Methods: This longitudinal observational study will recruit kidney transplant recipients aged 1 on allograft biopsy post-transplant, allograft function, proteinuria and allograft loss. Using principal component analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modelling, we will determine the associations between defined sets of immunological and clinical parameters that may identify risk stratification for the primary and secondary outcome measures among young people accepting a parental donor kidney for transplantation. This study design will allow us to specifically investigate the relative importance of accepting a maternal compared to paternal donor, for families deciding on the best option for donation.Discussion: The INCEPTION study findings will explore potentially differential immunological risks of maternal and paternal donor kidneys for transplantation among children and adolescents. Our study will provide the evidence base underpinning the selection of parental donor in order to achieve the best projected long-term kidney transplant and overall health outcomes for children and adolescents, a recognized vulnerable population.Transplantation and autoimmunit

Clinical practice recommendations for native vitamin D therapy in children with chronic kidney disease Stages 2-5 and on dialysis

Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent and often severe in children and adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although native vitamin D {25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]} is thought to have pleiotropic effects on many organ systems, its skeletal effects have been most widely studied. The 25(OH)D deficiency is causally linked with rickets and fractures in healthy children and those with CKD, contributing to the CKD–mineral and bone disorder (MBD) complex. There are few studies to provide evidence for vitamin D therapy or guidelines for its use in CKD. A core working group (WG) of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) CKD–MBD and Dialysis WGs have developed recommendations for the evaluation, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children with CKD. We present clinical practice recommendations for the use of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in children with CKD Stages 2–5 and on dialysis. A parallel document addresses treatment recommendations for active vitamin D analogue therapy. The WG has performed an extensive literature review to include meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials in healthy children as well as children and adults with CKD, and prospective observational studies in children with CKD. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system has been used to develop and grade the recommendations. In the absence of applicable study data, the opinion of experts from the ESPN CKD–MBD and Dialysis WGs is provided, but clearly GRADE-ed as such and must be carefully considered by the treating physician, and adapted to individual patient needs as appropriate

Mutations in KEOPS-Complex Genes Cause Nephrotic Syndrome with Primary Microcephaly

Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is an autosomal-recessive disease characterized by the combination of early-onset nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and microcephaly with brain anomalies. Here we identified recessive mutations in OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB, and LAGE3, genes encoding the four subunits of the KEOPS complex, in 37 individuals from 32 families with GAMOS. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in zebrafish and mice recapitulated the human phenotype of primary microcephaly and resulted in early lethality. Knockdown of OSGEP, TP53RK, or TPRKB inhibited cell proliferation, which human mutations did not rescue. Furthermore, knockdown of these genes impaired protein translation, caused endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated DNA-damage-response signaling, and ultimately induced apoptosis. Knockdown of OSGEP or TP53RK induced defects in the actin cytoskeleton and decreased the migration rate of human podocytes, an established intermediate phenotype of SRNS. We thus identified four new monogenic causes of GAMOS, describe a link between KEOPS function and human disease, and delineate potential pathogenic mechanisms

Mathematical Modeling of Operating Modes of Underground Gas Storage Facilities

Underground gas storage facilities (UGS) are considered, which are technologically inseparable objects of a single gas transportation system (GTS) and provide reliable supply and gas transit. The system analysis of the problems arising in the process of UGS operation, as a separate technological facility, and as part of the gas transportation system, led to the search for ways to solve them. The existing methodological support, which has been transferred from gas production without changes, and metrological support does not provide high-quality information support for dispatching systems. Now most of the existing problems with the least resource costs can be solved by means of modeling and optimization. To this end, mathematical models of all the main technological objects involved in the process of injecting into reservoirs and withdrawing from gas layers are proposed. The models are adapted to real data – the values of the gas flow parameters in the area of their possible change. The process of constructing an integrated model and its analysis shows the instability of the work of the implemented methods at the junction of heterogeneous objects (instability of the process of «cross-linking» the parameters of gas-dynamic processes) to ensure, with a given accuracy, the equality of balance equations. In order to avoid this effect, new methods for solving systems with different mathematical representations of the equations are proposed, ensuring a stable obtaining of the result with guaranteed accuracy. In addition, a method for solving systems of equations is implemented, the matrix of the numerical model of the reservoir is sparse (contains a large number of zeros), which allowed to speed up the process of obtaining results by several orders of magnitude. To simulate compressor stations, an imitation (algorithmic) model is proposed. This approach makes it possible to take into account the actual state of each gas compressor unit and set optimization tasks according to the criteria for the stability of the compressor station and its optimality by the energy criterion

Development of Software for Analysis and Optimization of Operating Modes of Underground Gas Stores

The object of research is underground gas storage facilities (UGS) and their technological facilities that are involved in the processes of gas injection, storage and extraction. One of the most important identified problems is the provision of reliable and economical operation of UGS in the gas transportation system (GTS) of Ukraine. One of the ways to solve the problem is development of effective software as decision-making tools, which, in the course of the studies, are not available in the dispatching services for managing the GTS.The analysis of existing programs on the market of software products shows their inconsistency with the necessary requirements for functionality, set and speed of solving problems. Basically, the developed software is oriented to the exploitation of coal-mining enterprises and could not be adapted for the operation of UGS facilities, where processes, especially filtration in reservoirs, are much Faster.The development of a new multifunctional software product is aimed at providing modeling processes for gas dynamic and filtration processes in UGS facilities, identifying their technical and technological status and planning operational parameters of UGS facilities.The developed software product provides clarification of geophysical parameters of the reservoirs of the most UGS GTS reservoirs. The obtained estimates of the magnitude of the effect from the UGS reconstruction in cases of physico-chemical cuts of wells, the replacement of compressor stations of gas compressor units with imported ones with the best efficiency, in the transition from flow line-collector system of gas collection to fully flow lines. The developed software is also used for high-precision simulation of operating modes in extreme conditions of UGS operation.The systemic effect of the operation of the developed software is achieved by conducting studies to form pre-project solutions. As well as numerical experiments to study and evaluate the optimization potential, and to optimize the planning of promising solutions and operational operation

COMBINED HEAT PUMP AIR HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH RECIRCULATION AND HEAT RECOVERER

Today, there is a great demand for renewable energy sources, because the cost of natural energy resources and sanctions on installations that have a harmful impact on the environment are constantly increasing. More and more enterprises in Ukraine are moving to more advanced technologies to meet consumer needs. Thus, demand for the use of heat pumps as an alternative source of heat is increasing in Ukraine every day. One of the most promising areas for the use of heat pumps is the ventilation and air-heating systems for large-volume buildings. Energy efficiency increase of such systems can be achieved by combining heat pumps with different methods of heat recovery utilization. In this regard, a combined air heating and ventilation system with heat recovery recuperation and partial exhaust air recirculation is considered. The purpose of this study is to make thermodynamic analysis of the system and determine the influence of the external conditions, the type of building and the parameters of heat recovery devices on the energy efficiency of the heat supply system.The article deals with the thermodynamic and numerical analysis of the combined heat pump air heating and ventilation system with heat recuperation and exhaust air recirculation taking into account the parameters of the outside air and the type of the building. It is determined that, despite the decrease in energy efficiency of the heat pump air heating and ventilation system with the utilization of exhaust ventilation air with an increase in the relative costs of heat for heating in comparison with the costs of heat for ventilation, the specific costs of external energy per unit of produced heat remain low even at low ambient air temperatures. In this regard, the combined heat pump system is considered to be recommended as an alternative system for the heat supply of large objects

International trade

У п`ятому, переробленому та доповненому виданні підручника розглядаються основні питання функціонування та розвитку сучасної системи міжнародної торгівлі. Висвітлюються сутність та роль міжнародної торгівлі в економічному розвитку, основні теорії міжнародного торговельного обміну, торговельна політика, організаційні та фінансові аспекти міжнародної торгівлі, нормативно-правове регламентування та практика укладання міжнародних торговельних угод. Підручник призначається для викладачів, студентів економічних вузів та факультетів, а також для фахівців-практиків у галузі міжнародної торгівлі.В пятом переработанном и дополненном издании учебника рассматриваются основные вопросы функционирования и развития современной системы международной торговли. Освещаются сущность и роль международной торговли в экономическом развитии, основные теории международного торгового обмена, торговая политика, организационные и финансовые аспекты международной торговли, нормативно-правовое регламентирование и практика заключения международных торговых соглашений. Учебник предназначен для преподавателей, студентов экономических вузов и факультетов, а также для специалистов-практиков в области международной торговли.In this training manual the essence and the role of international trade in economic development, the basic theories of international trade exchange, the trade policy, the organizational and financial aspects of international trade, the normative legal regulation and the practice of the conclusion of international trade agreements are examined. For students and academics