Trust towards managers, perceived managerial responsibility and individual effectiveness : exploring organizational outcomes of trust beliefs

Zaufanie to jedno z najbardziej użytecznych pojęć eksplanacyjnych w naukach o organizacji. Artykuł prezentuje i wyjaśnia stan współczesnej debaty psychologicznej na temat zaufania, poddaje weryfikacji Integracyjny Model Zaufania Organizacyjnego w naturalnym kontekście organizacyjnym, sugeruje postrzeganą odpowiedzialność jako dodatkowy warunek zaufania oraz analizuje możliwy wpływ, jaki zaufanie do menedżerów ma na zaangażowanie i poziom wykonania pracowników. Wyniki przedstawione w artykule sugerują, że pośród wszystkich antecedensów zaufania, postrzegana życzliwość i integralność moralna menedżerów wpływa najmocniej na zaufanie do nich, podczas gdy ich postrzegany poziom umiejętności wpływa najbardziej na zaangażowanie pracowników. W artykule zaproponowane zostaje wprowadzenie rozróżnienia między dwoma aspektami zaufania do menedżerów: ogólnodomenowym oraz domenospecyficznym.Trust has become a very useful explanatory device in organizational science. This paper presents and clarifies the current psychological debate on trust, verifies the Integrative Model of Organizational Trust in the natural organizational setting, suggests perceived responsibility as additional trust antecedent and analyzes the possible influence that trust towards managers has on employee engagement and performance. The results imply that among trust antecedents, perceived managerial benevolence and integrity influence trust towards managers heavily, while perceived ability of managers has substantial impact on employee work engagement. The possibility of distinguishing domain-general trust and domain-specific confidence as separate aspects of trust is discussed

A novel hybrid material with calcium and strontium release capability

The preparation of PDMS–TEOS–CaO hybrid materials by sol–gel techniques has been widely described in previous works. Calcium nitrate is the most common source of calcium used in these preparations. However, to remove possible toxic nitrate by-products a thermal treatment is necessary at temperatures above 500 1C, which leads to the degradation of the polymeric components of the hybrids. Strontium has already shown some promising results in the therapeutic area, being used in cases of osteoporosis and low bone density. In this study a new potential bioactive hybrid material was prepared, by sol–gel techniques, using calcium acetate as a novel calcium source. Also, for the first time, incorporation of strontium in a PDMS–TEOS hybrid system was evaluated. Samples were characterized before and after immersion in Kokubo’s Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) by SEM, EDS, ICP and FT-IR spectroscopy

Doping and band-gap engineering of an intrazeolite tungsten(VI) oxide supralattice

New results are presented concerning the topotactic self-assembly, n-type doping and band-gap engineering of an intrazeolite tungsten(VI) oxide supralattice n(W03)-Na56Y, where 0 < η < 32, built-up of single size and shape (W03)2 dimers. In particular it has been found that the oxygen content of these dimers can be quantitatively adjusted by means of a thermal vacuum induced reversible reductive-elimination oxidative-addition of dioxygen. This provides access to new n(W03.x)-Na56Y materials (0 < χ ^ 1.0) in which the oxygen content, structural properties and electronic architecture of the dimers are changed. In this way one can precisely control the oxidation state, degree of η-doping and band-filling of a tungsten(VI) oxide supralattice through an approach which can be considered akin to, but distinct in detail to, that found in the Magneli crystallographic shear phases of non-stoichiometric bulk W03.x . Another discovery concerns the ability to alter local electrostatic fields experienced by the tungsten(VI) oxide moieties housed in the 13Ä supercages of 16(W03)-M36Y, by varying the ionic potential of the constituent supercage M + cations across the alkali metal series. This method provides the first opportunity to fine-tune the band-gap of a tungsten(VI) oxide supralattice. Α miniband electronic description is advanced as a qualitative first attempt to understand the origin of the above effects. The implications of these discoveries are that cluster size, composition and intrinsic electrostatic field effects can be used to "chemically manipulate" (engineer) the doping and band architecture of intrazeolite supralattices of possible interest in quantum electronics and nonlinear optics

Брендинг і неймінг: відображення національної ідентичності в назвах авіаперевізників

Розглянуто роль назв авіаперевізників у національному брендингу, визначаються типи ідентичностей (територіальна, політична, етнічна та ін.) в назвах авіаперевізників та описуються основні види онімів, що відображають ці ідентичності.Рассматривается роль названий авиалиний в национальном брендинге, определяются типы идентичностей (территориальная, политическая, этническая и др.) в названиях авиаперевозчиков, описываются основные виды онимов, отображающие эти идентичности.The paper defines the role of airlines’ names in nation branding. The author describes the types of identity (territorial, political, ethnic) in airlines’ names and the main types of onyms communicating these identities

The Ultra-Potent and Selective TLR8 Agonist VTX-294 Activates Human Newborn and Adult Leukocytes

Background: Newborns display distinct immune responses that contribute to susceptibility to infection and reduced vaccine responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists may serve as vaccine adjuvants, when given individually or in combination, but responses of neonatal leukocytes to many TLR agonists are diminished. TLR8 agonists are more effective than other TLR agonists in activating human neonatal leukocytes in vitro, but little is known about whether different TLR8 agonists may distinctly activate neonatal leukocytes. We characterized the in vitro immuno-stimulatory activities of a novel benzazepine TLR8 agonist, VTX-294, in comparison to imidazoquinolines that activate TLR8 (R-848; (TLR7/8) CL075; (TLR8/7)), with respect to activation of human newborn and adult leukocytes. Effects of VTX-294 and R-848 in combination with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA; TLR4) were also assessed. Methods: TLR agonist specificity was assessed using TLR-transfected HEK293 cells expressing a NF-κB reporter gene. TLR agonist-induced cytokine production was measured in human newborn cord and adult peripheral blood using ELISA and multiplex assays. Newborn and adult monocytes were differentiated into monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and TLR agonist-induced activation assessed by cytokine production (ELISA) and co-stimulatory molecule expression (flow cytometry). Results: VTX-294 was ∼100x more active on TLR8- than TLR7-transfected HEK cells (EC50, ∼50 nM vs. ∼5700 nM). VTX-294-induced TNF and IL-1β production were comparable in newborn cord and adult peripheral blood, while VTX-294 was ∼ 1 log more potent in inducing TNF and IL-1β production than MPLA, R848 or CL075. Combination of VTX-294 and MPLA induced greater blood TNF and IL-1β responses than combination of R-848 and MPLA. VTX-294 also potently induced expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules HLA-DR and CD86 in human newborn MoDCs. Conclusions: VTX-294 is a novel ultra-potent TLR8 agonist that activates newborn and adult leukocytes and is a candidate vaccine adjuvant in both early life and adulthood

Low-energy cross section of the 7Be(p,g)8B solar fusion reaction from Coulomb dissociation of 8B

Final results from an exclusive measurement of the Coulomb breakup of 8B into 7Be+p at 254 A MeV are reported. Energy-differential Coulomb-breakup cross sections are analyzed using a potential model of 8B and first-order perturbation theory. The deduced astrophysical S_17 factors are in good agreement with the most recent direct 7Be(p,gamma)8B measurements and follow closely the energy dependence predicted by the cluster-model description of 8B by Descouvemont. We extract a zero-energy S_17 factor of 20.6 +- 0.8 (stat) +- 1.2 (syst) eV b.Comment: 14 pages including 16 figures, LaTeX, accepted for publication in Physical Review C. Minor changes in text and layou

Effect of hypochlorous acid on antigen processing and presentation

Dendritic cells play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Recognition and presentation of antigens on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provide an efficient response against infections. However, this response strongly depends on antigen presentation. During inflammation several oxidative reactions occur that lead to the production of oxidants. Under these conditions protein antigens are exposed to high concentrations of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that conduct changes in antigen structure and enhance the specific T cells response. However, the mechanism of presentation of oxidized antigens is presently unknown. In this thesis, we have focused on the mechanism involved in the enhancement of the T cell response to oxidized proteins. In particular, we have studied the uptake, processing and presentation of oxidized antigens in in vitro and in vivo mice models to MHC II‐restricted T cells; we have investigated the potential receptor‐mediated mechanism underlying the enhanced immunogenicity of oxidized antigens; and finally we have analyzed the connection between protein chemical modifications and the enhanced response to oxidized antigens

First Fallen: The Life of Colonel Elmer Ellsworth, the North’s First Civil War Hero

Author Meg Groeling “takes a minor but well-known story, amplifies it with new evidence, and enhances its meaning by connecting it to larger social and political trends”—history done right. In the end, reviewer Gerald Prokopowicz praises the book as an example of historical scholarship written from outside the ivory tower that both educates and entertains

Lincoln Revisited: New Insights From the Lincoln Forum

Perspectives on Lincoln The Lincoln Forum is a unique organization, and this selection of presentations from its annual meetings in 2003-2005 is a unique volume. The Forum first met in 1996, after a schism within the venerable Abraham Lincoln Association prompted several former members to ...