572 research outputs found
Magnetic ripple domain structure in FeGa/MgO thin films
The magnetic domain structure is studied in epitaxial
FeGa/MgO(001) films with 0 x 30 and thicknesses below 60
nm by magnetic force microscopy. For low gallium content, domains with the
magnetization lying in the film plane and domain walls separating micrometric
areas are observed. Above x 20, the magnetic contrast shows a fine
corrugation, ranging from 300 to 900 nm, suggesting a ripple substructure with
a periodic oscillation of the magnetization. We discuss the presence of a
random magnetic anisotropy contribution, that superimposed to the cubic
coherent anisotropy, is able to break the uniform orientation of the
magnetization. The origin of that random anisotropy is attributed to several
factors: coexistence of crystal phases in the films, inhomogeneous distribution
of both internal strain and Ga-Ga next nearest neighbor pairs and interface
magnetic anisotropy due to the Fe-O bond.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Customer satisfaction factors for Light Rail: What can we learn from a successful case?
The main goal of this paper is to analyze customer satisfaction factors for Light Rail, identify a successful case and compare the level of service of this case with another system so that improvements in terms of price, time of journey and connectivity can be elaborated and suggested. The Docklands Light Railway (London, UK) has been identified as a successful case, which service levels have been compared to ‘Metro Sul do Tejo, MST’ (Almada, Portugal). As a result, a set of solutions to improve MST are proposed
Extremely large extinction efficiency and field enhancement in terahertz resonant dipole nanoantennas
The distinctive ability of nanometallic structures to manipulate light at the nanoscale has recently promoted their use for a spectacular set of applications in a wide range of areas of research including artificial optical materials, nano-imaging, biosensing, and nonlinear optics. Here we transfer this concept to the terahertz spectral region, demonstrating a metal nanostructure in shape of a dipole nanoantenna, which can efficiently resonate at terahertz frequencies, showing an effective cross section >100 times larger than its geometrical area, and a field enhancement factor of ~280, confined on a lateral section of ~λ/1,000. These results lead to immediate applications in terahertz artificial materials exhibiting giant dichroism, suggest the use of dipole nanoantennas in nanostructure-based terahertz metamaterials, and pave the way for nanoantenna-enhanced terahertz few-molecule spectroscopy and localized terahertz nonlinear optics
Mirrors for space telescopes: degradation issues
Mirrors are a subset of optical components essential for the success of
current and future space missions. Most of the telescopes for space programs
ranging from Earth Observation to Astrophysics and covering all the
electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to Far-Infrared are based on reflective
optics. Mirrors operate in diverse and harsh environments that range from
Low-Earth Orbit, to interplanetary orbits and the deep space. The operational
life of space observatories spans from minutes (sounding rockets) to decades
(large observatories), and the performance of the mirrors within the optical
system is susceptible to degrade, which results in a transient optical
efficiency of the instrument. The degradation that occurs in space environments
depends on the operational life on the orbital properties of the space mission,
and it reduces the total system throughput and hence compromises the science
return. Therefore, the knowledge of potential degradation physical mechanisms,
how they affect mirror performance, and how to prevent it, is of paramount
importance to ensure the long-term success of space telescopes. In this review
we report an overview on current mirror technology for space missions with a
particular focus on the importance of degradation and radiation resistance of
the coating materials. Particular detail will be given to degradation effects
on mirrors for the far and extreme UV as in these ranges the degradation is
enhanced by the strong absorption of most contaminants
Black and pink. Single lesion or double diagnosis?
Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (FeP) is an uncommon skin lesion
considered to be a rare variant of basal cell carcinoma (BCC),
even though some researchers have argued for its classifica-
tion as a trichoblastoma. FeP appears frequently as a solitary,
flesh-colored, well-demarcated plaque, typically localized on
the lumbosacral area of patients aged 40 to 60 years. It often
develops in patients with a history of BCC, most commonly
in wome
A review of the literature of surgical and nonsurgical treatments of invasive squamous cells carcinoma
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an increasing public health problem. It is a primary malignant skin tumor with Malpighian differentiation and together with basal cell carcinoma is classified among nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). cSCC usually occurs on photoexposed areas, such as the head, the neck, and the extremities, and its incidence increases with age. Invasive forms of this skin tumor tend to be more aggressive showing a higher metastatic potential, usually regarding regional lymph nodes. Treatment options for invasive cSCCs include both surgical and nonsurgical options. The therapeutic choice depends on several factors, such as anatomic location, risk factors for tumor recurrence, age, and health status of the patient. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on therapeutic surgical and nonsurgical management of invasive cSCC
Crystal structure and local ordering in epitaxial FeGa/MgO(001) films
In this work we present a study of the structural properties of Fe
Ga grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Mg0(100). We combine long range and
local/chemically selective X-ray probes (X-ray Diffraction and X-ray absorption
spectroscopy) together with real space imaging by means of Transmission
Electron Microscopy and surface sensitive Reflected High Energy
Electron Diffraction. For substrate temperature below 400 C we obtain
films while, for 24 and 400C the nucleation of
the phase is observed. For both systems a Ga anticlustering or local
range ordering phenomenon appears. The Ga/Fe composition in the first and
second coordination shells of the films is different from that expected
for a random Ga distribution and is close to a D0-like ordered phase,
leading to a minimization of the number of Ga-Ga pairs. On the other side, a
true long-range D0 phase is not observed indicating that atomic ordering
only occurs at a local scale. Overall, the epitaxial growth procedure presented
in this work, first, avoids the formation of a long range ordered D0 phase,
which is known to be detrimental magnetostrictive properties, and second,
demonstrates the possibility of growing films at temperatures much
smaller than those required to obtain bulk samples.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
IL-17 and its role in inflammatory, autoimmune, and oncological skin diseases. State of art
Recent data support the theory of the involvement of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory skin diseases (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa) and autoimmune skin diseases (alopecia areata, vitiligo, bullous diseases). Even if the role of IL-17 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been reported extensively, its role in tumor is still controversial. Some reports show that Th17 cells eradicate tumors, while others reveal that they promote the initiation and early growth of tumors. Herein, we review the role of IL-17 in the involvement of some common dermatologic diseases: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, vitiligo, melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers
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