Terra de Melide : oportunidades educativas y desarrollo comunitario /

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaLos contextos generados a raíz de la entrada en vigencia de la LOGSE han llevado a numerosos cambios. Por un lado, el discurso oficial centrado en las oportunidades para aquellos grupos que con la anterior ley de carácter selectivo se quedaban fuera y, por otro lado, a nuevas realidades y relaciones en el seno de las instituciones educativas. Desarrollo en el caso particular de la Terra de Melide con el acceso del alumnado con procedencia rural que en la situación anterior se quedaba de manera masiva, 70%, fuera de la educación secundaria y actualmente entran todos. El punto de partida en la investigación han sido las relaciones sociales en un sistema social jerárquico que se basa en el medio de procedencia, con la intención de comprender qué ocurre en el interior de la institución educativa con el alumnado procedente del medio rural. Aspecto que nos lleva a introducir que el contexto de cambio a partir de la entrada de la LOGSE ha generado la visibilización del alumnado de procedencia rural, pero no las mayores oportunidades que se esperaban. El bajo rendimiento académico del alumnado del rural es el fenómeno con el que nos encontramos, y las explicaciones están reforzando el proceso de minorización social desde la institución educativa. La investigación ha sido realizada desde abril del año 2000 hasta octubre del año 2005, utilizando para ello una aproximación a nivel múltiple y distintas propuestas teóricas: reproducción y resistencia en educación, el marco de la continuidaddiscontinuidad, y las experiencias comunitarias de las minorías.The contexts generated soon after the entrance in validity of the LOGSE have led to numerous changes. On the one hand the official speech centred on the opportunities for those groups that with the previous law of selective character were kept outside and, on the other hand new realities and relationships in the center of the educational institutions. Development in the peculiar case of the Terra of Melide with the access of the pupils from rural origin that stayed in a massive way in the previous situations, 70%, outside of the secondary education and nowadays they are all included. The starting point has been the social relationships in a hierarchical social system that is based on the means of origin, with the intention of understanding what happens inside the educational institution with pupil coming from the rural means. An aspect that let us introduce that the context of change starting from the beginning of the LOGSE has generated the visibility of the pupil of rural origin, but not the bigger opportunities that were expected. The low academic achievement of the rural pupils is the phenomenon which we find, and the explanations are reinforcing the process of social minority from the educational institution. The research has been carried out between April 2000 - October 2005. It has followed a «Multilevel Approach» and different theoretical proposals: reproduction and resistance in education, continuity-discontinuity framework, and minority community's experiences

Tercer Sector : de invitado a imprescindible en la gestión del bienestar

La gestión de bienestar se configura a partir de un elevado interés por la calidad y rentabilidad. Este sistema de ahorro y abaratamiento de costes hace imprescindible para los Estados la externalización de servicios de bienestar en las entidades del Tercer Sector. Podría considerarse un clientelismo del gasto en política social y de los servicios sociales en los últimos años. Este documento analiza la capacidad organizativa del tercer gestor en la gestión compartida de bienestar, separando las entidades sin ánimo de lucro de aquellas cuyo objetivo es obtener beneficios derivados de la prestación de servicios de bienestar plural. Palabras clave: Gestión de bienestar; gasto social; tercer sector; servicios sociales; iniciativa privad

Programas de diversificación curricular : una práctica educativa «para el alumnado rural»

La puesta en marcha de la LOGSE a principios de la década de los noventa culminó un proceso de modificaciones que habían comenzado con la Ley General de Educación (LGE) del año 1970, al entender que los cambios sociales, políticos y económicos ocurridos en el estado español desde los años sesenta necesitaban de una respuesta más acorde a la instauración de un nuevo régimen político en la década de los setenta. Encaminarse a una enseñanza de corte comprensivo fue uno de los objetivos y principios básicos de la LOGSE, concretándose en la diversificación curricular y la atención a la diversidad que genera la no segregación. Es así como se amplía la edad de escolarización obligatoria hasta los dieciséis años, se dota al currículum de mayor flexibilidad con el objeto de tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad presente en el terreno social, es decir, se trataba de abrir las posibilidades cerradas por la anterior ley educativa y que la diversidad social estuviese presente en las aulas. En este marco y haciéndose eco de la perspectiva de la diversidad, la Xunta de Galicia, con competencias exclusivas en materia educativa, construye un documento en el que trata de dar respuesta a cómo atender la diversidad. Unas medidas que, a pesar del cambio de ley, continúan vigentes y de actualidad. Entre las medidas construidas por la Xunta de Galicia, los programas de diversificación curricular toman protagonismo en tanto en cuanto están pensados para aquel alumnado que se encuentra en riesgo de no continuar en el sistema educativo y de no conseguir los objetivos mínimos fijados en la etapa obligatoria. Es en estos programas en los que fijaremos nuestra tención en esta comunicación, con el objetivo de responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Por qué ha sido seleccionado para los programas de diversificación curricular un alumnado con unas determinadas características sociales y no otro que presenta los mismos rendimientos escolares? ¿Por qué desde ciertos grupos domésticos se niega el acceso de sus hijos a dichos programas? ¿Cómo se construye la diversidad y a qué se asocia ésta entre el alumnado que asiste a estos programas? ¿Qué papel juegan dentro de la institución escolar este alumnado y cómo es construido por docentes y demás alumnos? ¿Qué repercusión tienen estos programas de diversificación curricular en la continuidad en el sistema educativo? ¿Cómo se representan estos programas en los distintos grupos domésticos? y ¿Qué repercusión tienen en el futuro laboral del alumnado que acude a estos programas

Turismo e oferta gastronómica na comarca de Ulloa (Galiza): Análise de uma experiência de desenvolvimento local

O nosso artigo baseia-se num projecto de investigação e avaliação da oferta gastronómica na comarca da Ulloa, no centro da Galiza, uma micro-região, atravessada pelo denominado Caminho Francês de Santiago de Compostela, que reúne os Concelhos de Antas de Ulla, Monterroso e Palas de Rei. O projecto foi realizado, em equipa, seguindo a proposta de uma associação de desenvolvimento local e de promoção dos caminhos de Santiago de Compostela – Associação Cultural “Os Lobos”. Esta proposta tinha como o objectivo criar um guia gastronómico que permitisse reforçar uma estratégia de “slow food” (www.slowfood.it), promover os produtos locais e fazer, simultaneamente, um diagnóstico dos problemas da oferta gastronómica da zona, no que concerne ao turismo. O nosso trabalho representou a base para a criação de uma imagem turística, partindo da realidade dos próprios estudados – algo tido poucas das vezes em conta.Our paper is based in a project of research and evaluation of the offer gastronomy in the district of the Ulloa, in the centre of Galiza. A micro-region crossed over by the designated Way of St James and it includes the municipalities of Antas of Ulla, Monterrso and Palas of Rei. The project was carried out in a team, at the proposal of an association of the local development and promotion of the pilgrim’s route to Santiago of Compostela –The Cultural Association “Os Lobos”. The objective of this proposal was to create a food guide which allow to reinforce a strategy of “slow food” (www.slowfood.it), to promote the local products and make, simultaneously, a diagnosis of the problems of the gastronomic offer of the area, which concerns tourism. Our work performed the base for a creation of a tourist image, in function of the reality of the own studied – something had in count few times

Anthropology and new ruralities

En este texto presentamos una revisión teórica de las lecturas de las nuevas ruralidades, partiendo de las contribuciones de la Antropología y otras Ciencias Sociales a los estudios campesinos y a los estudios rurales. Cuestionando la ruralidad en su perspectiva histórica y encuadrándola en los procesos de urbanización sociocultural, cuestionamos el objeto y significados de las transformaciones rurales, que pasan por escuchar a la heterogeneidad de sus agentes y por analizar las nuevas revitalizaciones de estos espacios.In this study, we present a theoretical overview of the reading of new ruralities, drawing on Anthropological and other Social Science research in peasant studies and rural studies. Considering rurality from a historical perspective and viewing it within the context of processes of sociocultural urbanization, we examine the purpose and meanings of rural transformations by taking into account the heterogeneity of the social agents involved and analysing the new revitalization of these spaces.Grupo de investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada. - Área de Antropología Social. Universidad de Jaén. - Laborarorio de Antropología Social y Cultural (HUM-472). Universidad de Almería. - Departamento de Filosofía II. Universidad de Granada

Common Law, Charity, and Human Rights as Responses to the Socio-Economic Crisis in Galicia, Spain

This article presents the findings of a research project analyzing the effects of the Spanish socio-economic crisis on rural areas. It describes the perceptions of social workers in the public sector engaged in community practice and the perceptions of social leaders working for public and private human service organizations within the province of Ourense, Spain. It explores how the current economic crisis has affected people, health care units and the social workers’ scope of action. The study relied on secondary data, surveys and qualitative interviews. Study findings suggest that the adopted measures for responding to the effects of the crisis have been scarce. The primary responses to the crisis include privatization of human services and the transfer of responsibility from government to civil society organizations. Instead of focusing on charity, this study in Galicia, Spain proposes a greater focus on rural social work and on the promotion and defense of human rights by civic and other organizations

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). METHODS/DESIGN: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH2O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure 6430 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. DISCUSSION: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration metho

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe