66 research outputs found

    Du socle au paysage : essai pour un nouveau regard sur les reliefs

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    Cet article Ă©tudie la composante gĂ©omorphologique des paysages artialisĂ©s. Les reliefs sont ici considĂ©rĂ©s comme des motifs de paysages constituant le « socle gĂ©ographique » du paysagiste, revĂȘtus d’un aspect culturel Ă©manant d’un nouveau champ de recherche, la gĂ©omorphologie culturelle. En tant que motifs, ils participent ainsi Ă  la composition picturale et lyrique d’Ɠuvres artistiques et se rĂ©vĂšlent comme des Ă©lĂ©ments moteurs de la construction des modĂšles paysagers occidentaux.This paper studies the geomorphic component of “landscapes artialisation” by studying the major landforms in landscapes’ representations. Landforms are considered here as landscapes patterns constituting the "geographical basement " for landscape painter, holding a cultural aspect emanating from a new field of research, cultural geomorphology. As patterns, landforms also participate in the pictorial and lyric composition of artistic works and show themselves as driving elements of the construction of western landscapes models

    Géographie et nature abiotique :nature ignorée ou nouvelle forme de nature ?

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    Depuis la fin des annĂ©es 1990, la nature abiotique (ou gĂ©odiversitĂ©) fait l’objet d’une reconnaissance internationale, scientifique et institutionnelle, qui entraĂźne un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant de diffĂ©rentes disciplines. D’abord dĂ©finie dans la sphĂšre des gĂ©osciences, la gĂ©odiversitĂ© est aussi devenue un objet de recherche gĂ©ographique. Pourtant, il semble que la nature abiotique peine Ă  trouver sa place dans les recherches menĂ©es par les gĂ©ographes français sur la nature. L’objectif de cette contribution est d’établir un positionnement qui revient sur les fondements conceptuels et les mĂ©thodes qui caractĂ©risent les recherches menĂ©es sur la nature non-vivante. Cette rĂ©flexion aborde trois axes qui visent Ă  interroger la nature abiotique en tant qu’objet gĂ©ographique : 1) la (dĂ©)connexion vivant/non-vivant, 2) la dichotomie nature/culture et 3) les relations gĂ©ographie/gĂ©osciences. MalgrĂ© des problĂ©matiques associĂ©es Ă  la reconnaissance de la gĂ©odiversitĂ© comme objet de « nature » et comme relevant d’un regard gĂ©ographique, la vivacitĂ© et l’originalitĂ© des recherches sur la nature abiotique montrent que celle-ci n’est pas une nature ignorĂ©e.Since the late 1990s, abiotic nature (or geodiversity) has been internationnaly recognized, scientifically and institutionally, with growing interest from different disciplines. Geodiversity was first defined in the sphere of geosciences, and also become an object of geographical research. However, it seems that the abiotic nature is struggling to find its place in the research conducted by French geographers on nature. The purpose of this contribution is to establish a position which describes theoretical basis and methods which characterize the researches conducted on the non-living nature. This reflection addresses three issues which aim questioning the abiotic nature as a geographical object : 1) the (de)connection between living and non-living nature, 2) the nature / culture dichotomy and 3) the geography / geosciences relationships. Despite of the problems associated with the recognition of geodiversity as an object of "nature" and as a part of a geographical and cultural view, the intensity and the originality of research on the abiotic nature show that it is not an ignored nature

    Les petites vallées des Pays de la Loire. Du paysage pittoresque aux nouvelles interprétations patrimoniales : permanences et tensions contemporaines

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    Dans l’Ouest de la France, les petites vallĂ©es constituent des objets paysagers remarquables reconnus par les voyages pittoresques dĂšs la fin du xviiie siĂšcle. Certains motifs (versants minĂ©raux Ă  forte pente et sites hydrauliques notamment) cristallisent leur attractivitĂ© touristique et sont toujours mobilisĂ©s malgrĂ© l’évolution des critĂšres d’apprĂ©ciation des paysages. Des exemples principalement ciblĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion des Pays de la Loire montrent que si la construction du modĂšle pittoresque relĂšve de diverses sensibilitĂ©s, les rĂ©interprĂ©tations patrimoniales actuelles s’emparent de ces anciennes perceptions pour requalifier – et gĂ©rer – les hĂ©ritages paysagers de ces petites vallĂ©es, gĂ©nĂ©rant des dĂ©bats ou conflits associĂ©es Ă  ces nouvelles valeurs.In the West of France, small valleys constitute outstanding landscape components, recognized by the picturesque journeys from the end of the 18th century. Some features (mineral hillsides with strong slope and hydraulic sites in particular) crystallize their tourist attractiveness and are still mobilized in spite of the evolution of landscapes’ appreciation criteria. Examples in the region of Pays de la Loire show that if the construction of the picturesque model comes under various sensibilities, the current heritage re-interpretations seizes these former perceptions to re-qualify – and to manage – the landscape inheritances of these small valleys, generating debates or conflicts linked to these new values

    Introduction. La patrimonialisation des paysages de l’eau dans l’ouest de la France

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    En 2004, ValĂ©rie Jousseaume introduit le numĂ©ro de Norois n° 192/3 par un constat : malgrĂ© l’ancrage occidental et ligĂ©rien de la revue, peu d’articles sont consacrĂ©s Ă  la Loire et Ă  ses affluents (seul le numĂ©ro spĂ©cial 44 bis dirigĂ© en 1964 par M. PardĂ© de l’universitĂ© de Grenoble porte sur la Loire). Trente ans aprĂšs, un autre volume est consacrĂ© Ă  des Ă©tudes ligĂ©riennes, articulant les thĂšmes associĂ©s au risque d’inondation, aux reprĂ©sentations pa..

    Introduction. La patrimonialisation des paysages de l’eau dans l’ouest de la France

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    En 2004, ValĂ©rie Jousseaume introduit le numĂ©ro de Norois n° 192/3 par un constat : malgrĂ© l’ancrage occidental et ligĂ©rien de la revue, peu d’articles sont consacrĂ©s Ă  la Loire et Ă  ses affluents (seul le numĂ©ro spĂ©cial 44 bis dirigĂ© en 1964 par M. PardĂ© de l’universitĂ© de Grenoble porte sur la Loire). Trente ans aprĂšs, un autre volume est consacrĂ© Ă  des Ă©tudes ligĂ©riennes, articulant les thĂšmes associĂ©s au risque d’inondation, aux reprĂ©sentations pa..

    « Géomorphosites »

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    Fruit d’une collaboration entre le comitĂ© Ă©ditorial de la revue Dynamiques Environnementales et la Commission du patrimoine gĂ©omor-phologique du ComitĂ© National Français de GĂ©ographie (CNFG), un cahier « GĂ©omorphosites » est inaugurĂ© dans le prĂ©sent numĂ©ro de la revue, faisant suite Ă  la rubrique « Les gĂ©osites », et en Ă©cho Ă  certains numĂ©ros rĂ©cents fortement marquĂ©s par la thĂ©matique gĂ©opatrimoniale : n° 31 (2013) ; n° 34 (2015) ; n° 35 (2016). Les lignes qui suivent sont destinĂ©es Ă  prĂ©se..

    « Géomorphosites »

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    Fruit d’une collaboration entre le comitĂ© Ă©ditorial de la revue Dynamiques Environnementales et la Commission du patrimoine gĂ©omor-phologique du ComitĂ© National Français de GĂ©ographie (CNFG), un cahier « GĂ©omorphosites » est inaugurĂ© dans le prĂ©sent numĂ©ro de la revue, faisant suite Ă  la rubrique « Les gĂ©osites », et en Ă©cho Ă  certains numĂ©ros rĂ©cents fortement marquĂ©s par la thĂ©matique gĂ©opatrimoniale : n° 31 (2013) ; n° 34 (2015) ; n° 35 (2016). Les lignes qui suivent sont destinĂ©es Ă  prĂ©se..

    The Production and Application of Hydrogels for Wound Management: A Review

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    Wound treatment has increased in importance in the wound care sector due to the pervasiveness of chronic wounds in the high-risk population including, but not limited to, geriatric population, immunocompromised and obese patients. Furthermore, the number of people diagnosed with diabetes is rapidly growing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global diabetic occurrence has increased from 4.7 in 1980 to 8.5 in 2014. As diabetes becomes a common medical condition, it has also become one of the major causes of chronic wounds which require specialised care to address patients’ unique needs. Wound dressings play a vital role in the wound healing process as they protect the wound site from the external environment. They are also capable of interacting with the wound bed in order to facilitate and accelerate the healing process. Advanced dressings such as hydrogels are designed to maintain a moist environment at the site of application and due to high water content are ideal candidates for wound management. Hydrogels can be used for both exudating or dry necrotic wounds. Additionally, hydrogels also demonstrate other unique features such as softness, malleability and biocompatibility. Nowadays, advanced wound care products make up around 7.1 billion of the global market and their production is growing at an annual rate of 8.3 with the market projected to be worth 12.5 billion by 2022. The presented review focuses on novel hydrogel wound dressings, their main characteristics and their wound management applications. It also describes recent methodologies used for their production and the future potential developments

    La montagne artificielle : une nouvelle forme artialisée de la nature ?

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    Artificial mountains are artefacts, real or imaginary, whose identification is based on landscape models associated with natural mountains: whatever its origin, the mountain symbolizes duration and constitutes an unmovable and unchanging element. Following the social, cultural and technical evolutions, artificial mountains have attained new landscape values associated with the emergence of innovative concepts of the environment, particularly in urban areas. Having first been an ornamental element of urban parks, the artificial mountain has now become a full living space, at the heart of the reorganization of the post-industrial, vertical, green and recycled city. From a corpus of about forty realizations, real and imaginary, this paper studies how the designers of artificial mountains, mainly architects, are inspired by landscape models to introduce this mountainous nature into cities, but also how they are reinventing the idea of “the mountain”, by introducing new aesthetics and new features into renewed urban contexts

    The Artificial Mountain: a New Form of “Artialization” of Nature?

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    Artificial mountains are artefacts, real or imaginary, whose identification is based on landscape models associated with natural mountains: whatever its origin, the mountain symbolizes duration and constitutes an unmovable and unchanging element. Following the social, cultural and technical evolutions, artificial mountains have attained new landscape values associated with the emergence of innovative concepts of the environment, particularly in urban areas. Having first been an ornamental element of urban parks, the artificial mountain has now become a full living space, at the heart of the reorganization of the post-industrial, vertical, green and recycled city. From a corpus of about forty realizations, real and imaginary, this paper studies how the designers of artificial mountains, mainly architects, are inspired by landscape models to introduce this mountainous nature into cities, but also how they are reinventing the idea of “the mountain”, by introducing new aesthetics and new features into renewed urban contexts
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