OBSTRUÇÃO À DRENAGEM GÁSTRICA POR INGESTÃO DE CÁUSTICO: UM CASO DE TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO DEFINITIVO PRECOCE

Introduction: Ingestion of caustic products present a challenge to many physicians, as it remains a rare occurrence in the emergency room. Presentation of Case: A 58-year-old male was brought to the emergency department after ingesting hydrochloric acid. A pre-pyloric stenosis developed and endoscopic dilation was attempted with no success. The patient underwent an open subtotal gastrectomy after 4 weeks, with no complications and significant clinical improvement. Discussion: Gastric outlet obstruction mainly occurs in the prepyloric area. A surgical approach is reported as a safe alternative after the acute inflammatory phase subsided, and can be safely executed 4 weeks after the caustic ingestion if needed. The type of resection should be tailored to the extent of the lesions. Conclusion: Surgical resection poses a safe alternative, after the acute inflammatory phase has subsided and allows for adequate symptomatic control. Liquid agents affect mostly areas where pooling occurs, being the gastric antrum a frequent area where caustic lesions take place.Introdução: A ingestão de produtos cáusticos representa um desafio terapêutico para várias especialidades por permanecer uma entidade rara nos serviços de urgência. Apresentação do Caso: Um doente do sexo masculino, com 58 anos de idade deu entrada na sala de emergência após ingestão de ácido clorídrico. Posteriormente, desenvolveu uma estenose pré-pilórica que foi submetida a dilatação endoscópica, sem sucesso. O doente foi submetido a uma gastrectomia subtotal por via aberta após 4 semanas, que decorreu sem complicações e melhoria clinica significativa no pós-operatório. Discussão: A obstrução à drenagem gástrica ocorre sobretudo na região pré-pilórica. Uma abordagem cirúrgica é considerada uma opção eficaz após a fase inflamatória, e pode também ser executada de forma segura precocemente quando necessário, devendo ser o tipo de resseção adaptado à extensão das lesões. Conclusão: A resseção gástrica representa uma alternativa segura precocemente após o início da fase inflamatória e permite um adequado controlo sintomático. Cáusticos na forma líquida afetam principalmente em zonas de acumulação, sendo o antro gástrico uma área onde as lesões cáusticas são frequentes

Quantitative proteomic profiling of bovine follicular fluid during follicle development

Bovine follicular fluid (FF) constitutes the microenvironment of follicles and includes various biologically active proteins. We performed a study involving 18 healthy non-lactating Holstein cows to determine the protein expression profile of FF at key-stages of follicular development. Follicles were individually aspirated in vivo at pre-deviation (F1∼7.0mm); deviation (F1∼8.5mm); post-deviation (F1∼12.0mm); and pre-ovulatory stages of follicle development, which were confirmed by measurement of follicular estradiol and progesterone concentrations. The FF from nine cows were selected for proteomic analysis. After albumin depletion, triplicates of pooled FF were reduced, alkylated, and digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were labelled with TMTsixplex and quantified using LC-MS/MS. A total of 143 proteins was identified and assigned to a variety of biological processes, including response to stimulus and metabolic processes. Twenty-two differentially (P < 0.05) expressed proteins were found between stages indicating intrafollicular changes over development, with expected deviation time critical to modulate the protein expression. For instance, high concentrations of follistatin, inhibin, serglycin, spondin-1, fibrinogen, and anti-testosterone antibody were found during early stages of follicular development. In contrast, apolipoprotein H, alpha-2-macroglobulin, plasminogen, antithrombin-III, and immunoglobulins were increased after deviation. Amongst the differentially abundant proteins, 19 were found to be associated with steroidogenesis. Pathway analysis identified proteins that were mainly associated with the acute phase response signaling, coagulation system, complement system, liver/retinoid X receptor activation, and biosynthesis of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen. The differentially expressed proteins provide insights into the size-dependent protein changes in the ovarian follicle microenvironment that could influence follicular function

Uterine intussusception in immediate postpartum in bitches: case report

Uterine intussusception is a rare condition in bitches. This study aimed to report an unusual case of prolapsed uterine intussusception in a female dog. A 2-year-old American Bully bitch was received with labor history of large fetus requiring manual traction. The animal presented mucosal prolapse through the vulva, unproductive contractions and abdominal discomfort. After partial correction of mucosal prolapse, the dog was referred to ovary-hysterectomy surgery to correct prolapsed mucosa. During the surgical procedure, surgeons observed that the uterine horns were invaginated into the uterine body, rotated, and the tissue was slightly devitalized and congested. As previously described, this condition occurred during the immediate postpartum period. Thus, we suggest that this period can be a facilitator for the establishment of uterine intussusception.  A intussuscepção uterina é uma condição rara em cadelas. Portanto, este estudo tem por objetivo relatar um caso incomum de intussuscepção uterina prolapsada em fêmea canina. Uma cadela American Bully de dois anos de idade com histórico de parto de feto absoluto grande no qual necessitou de auxílio por tração manual foi apresentada. O animal exibiu um prolapso de mucosa através da vulva, contrações improdutivas e dores abdominais. Após a retração parcial do prolapso de mucosa, a cadela foi encaminhada para a ovário-histerectomia que teve por objetivo, também, corrigir a mucosa prolapsada. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, foram verificados os cornos uterinos invaginados no corpo uterino, rotacionados, com o tecido levemente desvitalizado e congesto. Assim, como poucos casos encontrados na literatura, esta condição ocorreu durante o puerpério imediato. Dessa forma, sugere-se que este período, embora não seja um fator determinante para o estabelecimento da intussuscepção uterina, pode ser um facilitador no estabelecimento dessa condição

Diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico de piometra em cadelas

A ultra-sonografia do tipo B (SCANNER 450 (5MHz), Pie Medical, Holanda) foi utilizada isolada ou em conjunto com exames laboratoriais e radiográficos em 33 cadelas com história clínica compatível com piometra. O útero dilatado apresentou imagem ultrassonográfica de uma estrutura tubular bem definida com diâmetro entre 0,5 e 4,0 cm. O conteúdo luminal uterino apresentou menor ecogenicidade que a parede, com cintilações ecogênicas bem evidentes. Houve concordância entre o aumento da viscosidade da secreção e a intensidade ecogênica. O diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico foi possível em 31 animais (94%), e foi confirmado através de laparotomia ou necrópsia. Concluímos que a ultra-sonografia do tipo B é método eficiente, podendo ser utilizado no diagnóstico da piometra canina.A B-mode ultrasonography (SCANNER 450 (5MHz), Pie Medical, Netherlands) was used either alone or associated with laboratorial and radiographic examinations in 33 bitches with clinical diagnosis of pyometra. The increased uterus appeared as a well defined tubular structure with diameter ranging from 0.5 up to 4.0 cm. The uterine lumen was less echoic than the wall, with evident echoic shinings. There was an accordance between the increasing in the viscosity of the vaginal secretion and the echoigenicity. The ultrasonographic diagnosis was possible in 31 bitches (94%) confirmed by laparotomy and autopsy. The B-mode ultrasonography can be used in the diagnosis of bitches with pyometra

Alternative low doses and routes of administering a prostaglandin F2α analogue to induce luteolysis in Nelore cows

The present study was conducted in order to verify the efficacy of lower doses and alternative routes of a prostaglandin F2α analogue, luprostiol (PGF), for the induction of luteolysis and the precipitation of estrus in nonlactating Nelore cows (Bos taurus indicus). A conventional dose (15 mg) of PGF was compared to doses lower than the conventional dose, which ranges from 10 to 50%, that were administered intramuscularly (IM), intravulvosubmucosally (IVSM), or in the Bai-hui acupuncture site located within the lumbosacral area. The cows were administered PGF 8 day after estrus in the presence of a corpus luteum, and randomly assigned to the following groups: G1 (positive control), 15 mg, IM (n = 23); G2, 7.5 mg, IM (n = 23); G3, 3.75 mg, IM (n = 24); G4, 7.5 mg, IVSM (n = 25); G5, 3.75 mg, Bai-hui acupoint (n = 24); and G6, 1.5 mg, Bai-hui acupoint (n = 25). The results indicated that 50% of a conventional dose of PGF (7.5 mg) resulted in a complete luteal regression (plasma progesterone <1 ng/ml) at Hour 48, and hastened estrus, regardless of whether or not PGF was administered IM or IVSM. Comparatively, 10 or 25% of the conventional dose, even when administered to the Bai-hui acupoint, resulted in an initial reduction in the concentration of progesterone at Hour 24, followed by an increase observed at Hour 48. In conclusion, 25% of a conventional PGF dose administered via the Bai-hui acupoint proved inadequate to induce a complete luteal regression, whereas 50% of a conventional dose administered IM or IVSM was found to be the minimal dose required to induce effectively a complete luteal regression, and to precipitate the onset of estrus in nonlactating Nelore cows

Characterization and selection of torch ginger for cut flower

Torch ginger, Etlingera elatior, is among the most cultivated tropical flower of its genus. Its great acceptability in the market led researchers to improve production characteristics and to adapt it for commercialization. This study aimed to characterize 10 genotypes of torch ginger in order to select and recommend them as cut flower. The experiment ran from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016 in Paulista, Brazil and nine agro-morphological characteristics were evaluated to build a grading system that determined their suitability for cut flower. The IAC 26 and IAC 34 genotypes were classified as poorly suitable, for they presented fresh mass exceeding 237 g. They also presented less than 19 flower stems per clump and only one month with ≥1 floral stem produced in 2015. The genotypes IAC 1, IAC 2, IAC 3, IAC 11, IAC 13 and the cultivar IAC Prumirim were classified as suitable, although they obtained intermediate scores for most of the evaluated criteria. The genotype IAC 41 and the cultivar IAC Camburi were classified as very suitable for cut flower, beginning of flowering period at 12 months, produce 33.25 and 41.20 flower stem per clump, respectively, and present seven months with production of more than one floral stem per clump in 2016, achieving maximum scores from most of the evaluated characteristics

COMPORTAMENTO DO FOGO EM DIFERENTES PERÍODOS E CONFIGURAÇÕES DE UMA PAISAGEM NO NORDESTE DE PORTUGAL

In this study, we discuss the importance of land use, land cover planning and forest stand management in fire hazard reduction, through the analysis of fire behavior in relation to landscape changes in Deilão, northeastern Portugal. Markov chains and cellular automata model were used to project future landscapes whose structures were quantified by landscape metrics. FlamMap model was used to simulate fire behavior. According to landscape metrics from Fragstats, we observe that scenarios and projections in Deilão have a trend towards landscape simplification, which may facilitate the occurrence of larger, more severe fires. The analyses indicate an increased fire hazard trend in the region, largely caused by the continuity of forest cover. To avoid such impacts, forest management and landscape development should be modified in order to reduce the accumulation of combustible materials.Neste trabalho aborda-se a importância do planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo, e do manejo dos sistemas florestais na redução do perigo de incêndio, analisando-se o comportamento do fogo em relação às alterações na paisagem da Deilão, nordeste de Portugal. Foram utilizadas cadeias de Markov e modelos de autômatos celulares como metodologia para projetar a paisagem no futuro. FlamMap foi utilizado para simular o comportamento do fogo. De acordo com as métricas da paisagem obtidas no Fragstats, observou-se que os cenários e projeções em Deilão têm uma tendência à simplificação da paisagem, o que pode facilitar a ocorrência de incêndios maiores e mais graves. A análise dos resultados indicou uma tendência ao aumento do perigo de incêndios na região, em grande parte, ocasionado pela expansão de plantações contínuas de florestas. Para evitar tais impactos, o manejo florestal e ordenamento da paisagem devem ser modificados a fim de se reduzir o acúmulo de materiais combustíveis

Retrospective and Comparative Study of Giardia sp. Prevalence in Dogs, Cats, and Small Ruminants in Endemic Areas in Different Brazilian States

Background: Giardia, an intestinal parasite of asexual reproduction, is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea in animals and humans, transmitted by orofecal route. The disease caused by this agent, giardiasis, is endemic in the world and representing an important public health problem. The aim of the present study was do a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of Giardia sp. in fecal samples from dogs, cats, sheep and goats (small ruminants) evaluated at FMVZ Unesp, Botucatu, SP.  In addition, this study presents a review of the literature on the prevalence of this protozoan in dogs, cats and small ruminants in different states of Brazil, according to the environmental of these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: During 2011 to 2017, 2,698 fecal samples of dogs, 359 fecal samples of cats and 320 fecal samples of goats and sheep were analyzed. A total of 18.9% of the dogs, 24.8% of the cats, and 6.6% of the goats and sheep were positive for Giardia sp. Only previous studies that used the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation (Faust technique) were included for comparation of prevalence. The prevalence of Giardia sp. in samples of centrifugation-fluctuation in zinc sulfate was similar in dogs, higher in cats and lower for small ruminants when compared to previous investigations. 4.4% and 6.7% of the positive samples from dogs and cats, respectively, were associated with some co-infection. Co-infections by Cystoisospora spp., Ancylostoma spp. and/ or Toxocara spp. were the most common for dogs and cats.Discussion: This study reveals the presence of Giardia sp. in different animal species in an endemic área. The results are similar to the prevalence previous reported in dogs, and higher in cats using the same diagnostic technique (Faust technique). Co-infections by Cystoisospora spp., Ancylostoma spp. and/ or Toxocara spp. were the most common for dogs and cats, as well-known in previous studies. Investigations with household, shelter and stray dogs found a significantly lower occurrence of Giardia sp. in the group of household dogs. However, for cats these comparisons should made with caution. Despite having a owner, some of these cats have free access to the streets, so they might be more expose to the sources of infection. There are few previous reports of the presence of Giardia sp. in goats and sheep, which presented much higher prevalence when compared with this study. This variation in prevalance of Giardia sp. in small ruminants can occur due to differences inherent to each region in Brazil, as well as the presence of risck factors regarding animal age, type of raising of the animals, hygienic-sanitary and management conditions, and the presence of domestic animals inside sheep and goat installations, which can potentially favor the mechanical transmission of cysts our reservoirs of this parasite. Therefore, due to regional variations in this parasite prevalence, this information is more value in regional areas, reaffirming the importance of this kind of studies in brazilian states and cities. The intermittent elimination of cysts in feces, the low number of cysts in the samples and asymptomatic infections are relevant points to the diagnosis of giardiasis, making it a challenge. The technique of centrifugation-flotation technique in zinc sulfate gives the best results when compared to other techniques available for the diagnosis of Giardia infections, justifying the choice of this technique by this study. These evidences associated to molecular diagnoses are necessary to determine the real role of these animals in the epidemiology and zoonotic transmission, due to the close contact with humans. This may be considering as a start for further investigations of Giardia sp. at municipality of Botucatu

Efeito da profundidade, estacionalidade e luminosidade no banco de sementes do solo de campo rupestre

The floristic composition of the rupestrian grasslands comprises a mosaic of species with different adaptations exhibiting high diversity and endemism. However, the plant species from rupestrian grasslands are dependent on site-specific conditions and their reproduction is almost always limited, making natural regeneration after disturbances difficult. The soil seed bank represents a potential factor for the regeneration of this environment. The objective was to evaluate the soil seed bank of different depths of a rupestrian grassland area, collected in two climatic seasons and submitted to different light conditions. The samples composed of litter and soil (0-5 cm) were collected in 13 plots of 100 m2, in a rupestrian grassland area in Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais state), in dry and rainy seasons. The samples were subjected to full sun and shading conditions. In total, 185 seedlings of 31 species and nine botanical families emerged. The richest families were Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae. There was variation in richness, abundance and floristic composition among the soil strata, but no variation was observed in relation to seasonality and light conditions. The soil samples presented higher values of the evaluated parameters in relation to those ones of litter, showing that the seed bank is more representative in the soil stratum. These results demonstrate that there is potential for rupestrian grassland regenerations through the seed bank, especially the soil stratum.A composição florística dos campos rupestres compreende um mosaico de espécies com adaptações distintas, exibindo alta diversidade e endemismo. Entretanto, as plantas dos campos rupestres possuem dependência às condições específicas do local e sua reprodução quase sempre é limitada, tornando difícil a regeneração natural após perturbações. O banco de sementes do solo representa um fator potencial para a regeneração deste ambiente. Objetivou-se avaliar o banco de sementes do solo de diferentes profundidades de uma área de campo rupestre, coletado em duas estações climáticas e submetido a duas condições de luminosidade. Foram coletadas amostras compostas de serapilheira e de solo (0-5 cm) em 13 parcelas de 100 m2, em uma área de campo rupestre na Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais), nas estações seca e chuvosa. As amostras foram submetidas às condições de luminosidade pleno sol e sombreamento. No total, emergiram 185 plântulas pertencentes a 31 espécies e a nove famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza foram Cyperaceae, Poaceae e Asteraceae. Houve variação de riqueza, abundância e composição florística entre as profundidades do solo, mas não foi observada variação em relação à estacionalidade e às condições de luminosidade. As amostras de solo apresentaram valores superiores dos parâmetros avaliados em relação àquelas da serapilheira, mostrando que o banco de sementes é mais representativo no solo. Esses resultados demonstram que existe potencial de regeneração do campo rupestre por meio do banco de sementes do solo