Atividade experimental investigativa e e-book no ensino de ciências do ensino fundamental: uma experiência de estágio supervisionado

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma proposta didática pautada numa Sequência de Ensino Investigativa (SEI) em Ciências Físicas, com atividades experimentais investigativas e e-book. A intervenção foi realizada em oito encontros no Estágio Supervisionado II, na busca pela aprendizagem significativa dos discentes e dos problemas enfrentados pelos docentes ao usarem novas estratégias de ensino nas aulas de Ciências. Questionários foram usados como instrumentos de coleta de dados, em 84 discentes do 8º e 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e 2 professores de Ciências de uma escola pública de Portel-PA. O processo de análise dos resultados foi mediado por um desenho de pesquisa quali-quantitativo. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades de ensino por investigação são raramente utilizadas pelos docentes entrevistados, embora eles reconheçam a importância de diferentes estratégias de ensino para a aprendizagem significativa dos discentes. Além disso, os discentes entrevistados referiram abertura para experimentar diferentes metodologias de ensino no âmbito escolar.Palavras-chave: Atividades experimentais; E-book; Ensino por investigação; Estágio supervisionado. Investigative experimental activity and e-book in science teaching to elementary school: a supervised internship experienceAbstract: This work presents a didactic proposal based on an Investigative Teaching Sequence (ITS) in Physical Sciences, with experimental investigative activities and e-book. The intervention was carried out in eight meetings in Supervised Internship II, in the search for meaningful learning of students and the problems faced by teachers when using new teaching strategies in Science classes. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments in 84 students from the 8th and 9th grades of elementary school and 2 science teachers at the school in Portel-PA. The process of analyzing was mediated by a quali-quantitative research design. The results showed that research teaching activities are used by the interviewed teachers. But they recognize the importance of different teaching strategies as well as from TSI and TIS for meaningful learning by students. In addition, the interviewed students reported opening to experiment different methodologies in school scope.Keywords: Experimental activities; E-book; Teaching by investigation; Supervised internship.

A vivência da sexualidade por mulheres no climatério

Aim: to analyze women’s life experiences in the climacteric period with a focus on sexuality. Method: analytical-descriptive study according to qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 16 women aged between 35 to 65 years-old, patients of public health system. The collection of data occurred in December of 2010 through the technique of semi-structured interview. The data has been addressed according to the analysis of the thematic content. The work has complied with the requisites for research with human beings, approved by CEP, CAAE nº 0484.0.133.000-10. Results: it has been verified that female sexuality experience in the climacteric period has been influenced by cultural patterns established for female identity, which is related to the sexual satisfaction of the partner and the reproduction. Final considerations: it is necessary for nursing to develop educational activities in Health stimulating the discussion of sexuality, body, gender and violence, aiming to reflection of the male and female stereotypes.Objetivo: analizar la experiencia de mujeres en el climaterio con enfoque en la sexualidad. Método: estudio analítico-descriptivo y cualitativo, realizado con 16 mujeres de 35 a 65 años, usuarias de unidad básica de salud de la familia. La recogida de datos ocurrió en diciembre de 2010 mediante entrevista semiestructurada que fueron analizados según el análisis de contenido. El estudio cumplió con los requisitos para investigaciones con seres humanos, siendo aprobada por el CEP, CAAE nº 0484.0.133.000- 10. Resultados: la experiencia de la sexualidad en el climaterio posee influencia de los padrones culturalmente construidos alrededor de la identidad femenina, que relegan el papel de la mujer a la satisfacción del compañero y la reproducción. Consideraciones finales: se necesita que la enfermería desarrolle actividades de educación en salud que promuevan la discusión de temáticas como cuerpo, género y violencia, con el objetivo de fomentar la reflexión de los estereotipos de feminidad y masculinidad.Objetivo: analisar a vivência de mulheres no climatério com foco na sexualidade. Método: estudo analítico-descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 16 mulheres com faixa etária entre 35 e 65 anos, usuárias de uma unidade básica de saúde da família. A coleta de dados ocorreu em dezembro de 2010 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados segundo a análise de conteúdo temática. A pesquisa cumpriu os requisitos para pesquisas com seres humanos, sendo aprovada pelo CEP, CAAE nº 0484.0.133.000-10. Resultados: verifica-se que a vivência da sexualidade no climatério possui influência dos padrões culturalmente construídos em torno da identidade feminina, que relegam o papel da mulher à satisfação do parceiro e à reprodução. Considerações finais: necessita-se que a enfermagem desenvolva atividades de educação em saúde, promovendo a discussão de temas relativos à sexualidade como corpo, gênero e violência, objetivando incentivar reflexões que desconstruam estereótipos de feminilidade e masculinidade

Technology enabling the largest free and accessible event worldwide on COVID-19 management: experience report: Tecnologia viabilizando o maior evento gratuito e acessível do mundo sobre gestão da COVID-19: relato de experiência

Introdução: O uso das redes sociais como fonte de informação durante a pandemia de Covid-19 possibilitou o acesso do grande público a informações atualizadas, mas também permitiu uma intensa disseminação de notícias falsas no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: Este relatório tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência da tecnologia que possibilita a organização e implantação de um evento científico online gratuito de grande escala sobre a Covid-19, com foco em informações baseadas em evidências, atendimento e gestão do paciente. Métodos: O "Primeiro Congresso Brasileiro de Evidências Clínicas sobre Covid-19" aconteceu entre os dias 03 e 07 de maio de 2021 e foi realizado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, a principal universidade federal do Brasil. Resultados: Houve 27.102 cadastros. A transmissão teve 29.170 visualizações no primeiro dia. Em 25 de junho de 2021, foram 80.923 visualizações para a versão original em áudio e 10.352 visualizações para a tradução simultânea. Os tópicos compreenderam prevenção da Covid-19, gestão na atenção primária, atendimento pré-hospitalar, assistência hospitalar, unidade de terapia intensiva, longa-COVID-19, vacinas, saúde mental e custos. Minipalestras foram seguidas de discussão e interação com os participantes. Palestrantes e moderadores de todo o Brasil e do exterior foram escolhidos de acordo com sua expertise em temas de Covid-19 e em medicina baseada em evidências. Entre as sessões, foram apresentados depoimentos em vídeo de pessoas que não puderam trabalhar em casa sobre o que tocou seu coração durante a pandemia. A acessibilidade foi garantida por meio de tradução simultânea para a Língua Brasileira de Sinais. A satisfação dos participantes foi avaliada, com 2.228 respondentes, dos quais 97,4% disseram que suas expectativas foram superadas e 86,8% relataram adquirir novos conhecimentos sobre a Covid-19. Final considerations: Essa experiência mostrou que a tecnologia possibilitou a divulgação de evidências científicas acessíveis sobre a Covid-19 para um grande público por meio de um evento online gratuito

Biofilm Production and In Vitro Susceptibility to Disinfectants of Staphylococcus Coagulase Positive Isolated from Bovine Milk

Background: Mastitis is one of the diseases that cause damage to dairy cattle, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS), are its main etiological agents. The production of biofilms gives these microorganisms a physiological advantage, being an important virulence factor, as it confers their resistance to the action of disinfectants used in hygiene procedures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of CPS, isolated from milk samples from cases of bovine subclinical mastitis in the Alagoas dairy basin, biofilm production and its sensitivity to disinfectant agents used before and after dipping.Materials, Methods & Results: In the Alagoas Milk Basin Region, 10 properties were selected from the municipalities of Batalha, Cacimbinhas, Major Isidoro and Minador do Negrão, which used a mechanical milking system and supplied milk to a dairy under federal inspection. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on 1155 cows. The animals diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were classified as: mild (+); moderate (++) and severe (+++). CMT positive samples were collected from 2+, totaling 891 samples. After cleaning the papillary ostium, 2 to 5 mL of milk was collected from each fourth breast before milking began. Subsequently, 0.5 µL of each sample was streak plated by exhaustion on 5% Sheep Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C, with readings at 24 and 48 h. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies, catalase and coagulase test were evaluated. Biofilm formation was determined by the microplate adhesion test. The efficacy of the sanitizers was evaluated with the active ingredients: lactic acid (2%), allantoin (0.05%), iodine (0.5%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), chlorine (2.5%), at times 15, 30 and 60 seconds. It was observed that 91.2% of the samples were able to form biofilm; Of these, 22.2%, 29.6% and 48.2% were strong, moderate and weak producers, respectively. The sensitivity profile of chlorhexidine isolates was 79.73%, 80.41% and 83.78%; iodine was 59.46%, 65.54% and 66.22% sensitivity over the evaluated time. For allantoin, the isolates presented sensitivity of 22.30%, 27.03% and 37.74%, for lactic acid, 18.92%, 20.95% and 22.30% of the samples were sensitive, and to chlorine, 12.6%, 15.58% and 17.57% of the isolates were sensitive. Moreover, it was observed that the longer the exposure to the disinfectant, the greater the effectiveness of the same.Discussion: The results are in line with literature data. Staphylococcus spp. from milk samples of animals with subclinical mastitis are able to form biofilm, thus being an important virulence factor. The heterogeneity regarding the biofilm production potential of the isolates is due to the different species of Staphylococcus spp. that, through distinct mechanisms, triggers a greater or lesser formation of this virulent factor, as well as having their adhesion tested, end up becoming more strongly attached to the plate. Among the disinfectants tested, it was confirmed that chlorhexidine and iodine are more effective than SCP, which tend to have high levels of sensitivity to these disinfectants. However, although chlorhexidine was more sensitive to SCP, its use in the field should be done with caution, as its effectiveness may be reduced in the presence of chlorinated water or excess organic matter. It is concluded that SCP isolates from bovine milk from subclinical mastitis mammary quarters were able to produce biofilms. These isolates were also in vitro sensitive to chlorhexidine and iodine, but periodic evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectants used before and after milking is necessary

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt