Szénplazmák spektroszkópiai vizsgálata lézerkemencében, különös tekintettel a C3 gyök emissziós spektroszkópiai jellemzésére. = Spectroscopic analysis of carbon plasmas in a laser oven with special emphasis on the emission spectroscopic characterization of the C3 radical

A témában eredeti célkitűzésünk lézerrel gerjesztett szénplazmák megfigyelése és analizise volt szén-nanocsövek lézeres szintézise során, különös tekintettel a C3 molekulagyökre. Ennek során a grafitkemence részbeni megépitése megtörtént,de a támogatás összege (amit az eredeti költségvetéshez képest 1 millió Ft-tal csökkentve kaptunk) a teljes konfiguráció megvalósitásához nem volt elegendő. A meglevő kisérleti konfiguráció azonban, egy esetleges további pályázatban, kiegészithető működő konfigurációvá. Igy a pályázatban plazmaküvetta felhasználásával folytak a kisérletek, a korábbi OTKA Műszerpályázatból beszerzett időátlagoló spektrométer és egy OMFB pályázatból beszerzett Nd: YAG lézer felhasználásával. Eredeményeink továbbhaladást jelentenek lézerrel keltett szénplazmák spektroszkópiai analizisében, különösen a C3 gyök emissziós spektroszkópiai viselkedését illetően. Megfigyeléseink alapján valószinűsithetők azok a fizikai körülmények, amelyek között a C3 400 nm-es emissziós kontinuuma megfigyelhető lézerrel gerjesztett plazmákban. A tervezett nemzetközi kooperációhoz képest változások voltak, mert a portugál fél tematikai változtatást hajtott végre, igy kisérletes felszerelése nem épült fel, és nem látogatott Magyarországra.Eredményeink alapján lehetőség nyilik időfelbontásos spektroszkópiai mérésekkel a C3 gyök plazmakimutatására és kémiai és fizikai jellemzésére. Az ehhez szükséges berendezést a témavezető elnyerte egy 2004 évi GVOP KMA pályázaton. | Our original purpose was to observe and analyze laser induced carbon plasmas during a laser synthesis of carbon nanotubes, with special emphasis on the C3 radical. A partial construction of the laser oven has been realized but the project budget (reduced by 1 million HUF relative to the orginal plan) has not been enough to finalize the set-up. The available set-up can, however, be further developed in a later project into a working laser graphite oven. Thus our experiments have been carried out in a plasma cuvette, using a time averaging miniature spectrometer (won in an earlier OTKA project) and a Nd: YAG pulsed laser (obtained via an OMFB project). Our results represent an advancement in the spectral analysis of laser induced carbon plasmas, especially regarding the spectral behaviour of the C3 radical. Based on our observations one can establish the physical conditions under which the 400 nm continuum of the C3 radical may be detected in laser induced plasmas. There have been changes int he planned international cooperation, as the Portuguese partners changed their research orientation, thus their experimental apparatus has not been constructed and no visit to Hungary has occurred. Nonetheless based upon our results it becomes possible to detect the C3 radical in plasmas by time resolved spectroscopy, and to characterize it chemically and physically. The necessary equipment was procured from a GVOP KMA project of the present project leader

Edge-guided Representation Learning for Underwater Object Detection

Underwater object detection (UOD) is crucial for marine economic development, environmental protection, and the planet's sustainable development. The main challenges of this task arise from low-contrast, small objects, and mimicry of aquatic organisms. The key to addressing these challenges is to focus the model on obtaining more discriminative information. We observe that the edges of underwater objects are highly unique and can be distinguished from low-contrast or mimicry environments based on their edges. Motivated by this observation, we propose an Edge-guided Representation Learning Network, termed ERL-Net, that aims to achieve discriminative representation learning and aggregation under the guidance of edge cues. Firstly, we introduce an edge-guided attention module to model the explicit boundary information, which generates more discriminative features. Secondly, a feature aggregation module is proposed to aggregate the multi-scale discriminative features by regrouping them into three levels, effectively aggregating global and local information for locating and recognizing underwater objects. Finally, we propose a wide and asymmetric receptive field block to enable features to have a wider receptive field, allowing the model to focus on more small object information. Comprehensive experiments on three challenging underwater datasets show that our method achieves superior performance on the UOD task

Estimating ammonia emissions from cropland in China based on the establishment of agro-region-specific models

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under a grant numbers 41877546 and U1612441, and a BBSRC-Newton Funded project (BB/N013484/1). This work also contributes to the activities of Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution of China (PPZY2015A061), and Program for Student Innovation through Research and Training (1913A22).Peer reviewedPostprin

Underwater image clarifying based on human visual colour constancy using double‐opponency

Underwater images are often with biased colours and reduced contrast because of the absorption and scattering effects when light propagates in water. Such images with degradation cannot meet the needs of underwater operations. The main problem in classic underwater image restoration or enhancement methods is that they consume long calculation time, and often, the colour or contrast of the result images is still unsatisfied. Instead of using the complicated physical model of underwater imaging degradation, we propose a new method to deal with underwater images by imitating the colour constancy mechanism of human vision using double‐opponency. Firstly, the original image is converted to the LMS space. Then the signals are linearly combined, and Gaussian convolutions are performed to imitate the function of receptive fields (RFs). Next, two RFs with different sizes work together to constitute the double‐opponency response. Finally, the underwater light is estimated to correct the colours in the image. Further contrast stretching on the luminance is optional. Experiments show that the proposed method can obtain clarified underwater images with higher quality than before, and it spends significantly less time cost compared to other previously published typical methods

The LisbOn KInetics Boltzmann solver

LisbOn KInetics Boltzmann (LoKI-B) is an open-source simulation tool available at: https://github.com/IST-Lisbon/LoKIThe LisbOn KInetics Boltzmann (LoKI-B) is an open-source simulation tool (https://github.com/IST-Lisbon/LoKI) that solves a time and space independent form of the two-term electron Boltzmann equation, for non-magnetised non-equilibrium low-temperature plasmas excited by DC/HF electric fields from different gases or gas mixtures. LoKI-B was developed as a response to the need of having an electron Boltzmann solver easily addressing the simulation of the electron kinetics in any complex gas mixture (of atomic/molecular species), describing first and second-kind electron collisions with any target state (electronic, vibrational and rotational), characterized by any user-prescribed population. LoKI-B includes electron-electron collisions, it handles rotational collisions adopting either a discrete formulation or a more convenient continuous approximation, and it accounts for variations in the number of electrons due to non-conservative events by assuming growth models for the electron density. On input, LoKI-B defines the operating work conditions, the distribution of populations for the electronic, vibrational and rotational levels of the atomic/molecular gases considered, and the relevant sets of electron-scattering cross sections obtained from the open-access website LXCat (http://lxcat.net/). On output, it yields the isotropic and the anisotropic parts of the electron distribution function (the former usually termed the electron energy distribution function), the electron swarm parameters, and the electron power absorbed from the electric field and transferred to the different collisional channels. LoKI-B is developed with flexible and upgradable object-oriented programming under MATLAB (R), to benefit from its matrix-based architecture, adopting an ontology that privileges the separation between tool and data. This topical review presents LoKI-B and gives examples of results obtained for different model and real gases, verifying the tool against analytical solutions, benchmarking it against numerical calculationThis work was funded by Portuguese FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, under projects UID/FIS/50010/2013 and PTDC/FISPLA/1243/2014 (KIT-PLASMEBA)

A glycometabolic gene signature associating with immune infiltration and chemosensitivity and predicting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma

BackgroundAccumulating evidence has suggested that glycometabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis. However, few studies have investigated the prognostic values of glycometabolic genes in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). This study aimed to recognize and establish a glycometabolic gene signature to forecast the prognosis, and provide therapeutic options for patients with OS.MethodsUnivariate and multivariate Cox regression, LASSO Cox regression, overall survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and nomogram were adopted to develop the glycometabolic gene signature, and further evaluate the prognostic values of this signature. Functional analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of OS and the correlation between immune infiltration and gene signature. Moreover, these prognostic genes were further validated by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsA total of four genes including PRKACB, SEPHS2, GPX7, and PFKFB3 were identified for constructing a glycometabolic gene signature which had a favorable performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with OS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Functional analyses indicated that multiple immune associated biological processes and pathways were enriched in the low-risk group, while 26 immunocytes were down-regulated in the high-risk group. The patients in high-risk group showed elevated sensitivity to doxorubicin. Furthermore, these prognostic genes could directly or indirectly interact with other 50 genes. A ceRNA regulatory network based on these prognostic genes was also constructed. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that SEPHS2, GPX7, and PFKFB3 were differentially expressed between OS tissues and adjacent normal tissues.ConclusionThe preset study constructed and validated a novel glycometabolic gene signature which could predict the prognosis of patients with OS, identify the degree of immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment, and provide guidance for the selection of chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings may shed new light on the investigation of molecular mechanisms and comprehensive treatments for OS

Hadron Energy Reconstruction for the ATLAS Calorimetry in the Framework of the Non-parametrical Method

This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known $e/h$ ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within $\pm 1$ of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is $[(58\pm3)/\sqrt{E}+(2.5\pm0.3)$. The value of the $e/h$ ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is $1.74\pm0.04$ and agrees with the prediction that $e/h > 1.7$ for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, Will be published in NIM

HADES experiment: di-lepton spectroscopy in p + p (2.2 GeV) and C+C (1 and 2 A GeV) collisions

The HADES (High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer) is a tool designed for lepton pair (e+e−) spectroscopy in pion, proton and heavy ion induced reactions in the 1–2AGeV energy range. One of the goals of the HADES experiment is to study in-medium modifications of hadron properties like effective masses, decay widths, electromagnetic form factors etc. Such effects can be probed with vector mesons ( ρ,ω,ɸ ) decaying into e+e− channel. The identification of vector mesons by means of a HADES spectrometer is based on invariant mass reconstruction of e+e− pairs. The combined information from all spectrometer sub-detectors is used to reconstruct the di-lepton signal. The recent results from 2.2GeV p + p, 1AGeV and 2AGeV C+C experiments are presented.Diaz Medina, Jose, [email protected]