Ventral lumbar synovial cyst causing cauda equina compression: case report and literature review

Background Juxtafacet spinal cysts are cystic synovial lesions that are often indistinguishable clinically or radiologically and require histopathology analysis to confirm the diagnosis. Lumbar synovial cysts usually arising from the synovium of the facet joints. They have been described posterolateral or rarely in the posterior midline. However, we describe the first synovial cyst ventral to the dural sac. Case description We report a lumbar 3-4 lesion causing cauda equina compression in a 57-year-old man who presented with 3 months history of low back pain and bilateral sciatica, intermittent urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested prolapsed disc, following decompression, histological analysis of the fragment confirmed a synovial cyst. Conclusion Hitherto synovial cysts have not been reported anterior to the dural sac. We describe a lumbar ventral cystic mass with cauda equina compression that mimicked a disc prolapse due to synovial metaplasia. The patient had urgent decompression with subsequent resolution of the symptoms

КАНОНИЧЕСКИЙ ВИД ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ В ЧАСТНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ВТОРОГО ПОРЯДКА С КОМПЛЕКСНЫМИ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТАМИ

This article presents a canonical form of second-order partial differential operators with complex coefficients in the case of two variables.В работе приведены к каноническому виду операторы в частных производных второго порядка с комплексными коэффициентами с двумя независимыми переменными

Nanotechnology in peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction

The recent progress in biomaterials science and development of tubular conduits (TCs) still fails in solving the current challenges in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs), in particular when disease-related and long-gap defects need to be addressed. Nanotechnology-based therapies that seemed unreachable in the past are now being considered for the repair and reconstruction of PNIs, having the power to deliver bioactive molecules in a controlled manner, to tune cellular behavior, and ultimately guide tissue regeneration in an effective manner. It also offers opportunities in the imaging field, with a degree of precision never achieved before, which is useful for diagnosis, surgery and in the patientâ s follow-up. Nanotechnology approaches applied in PNI regeneration and theranostics, emphasizing the ones that are moving from the lab bench to the clinics, are herein overviewed.The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the financial support provided to Joaquim M. Oliveira (IF/01285/2015) and Joana Silva-Correia (IF/00115/2015) under the program “Investigador FCT”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio