Whole Genome Sequencing of Turkish Genomes Reveals Functional Private Alleles and Impact of Genetic Interactions with Europe, Asia and Africa

Background Turkey is a crossroads of major population movements throughout history and has been a hotspot of cultural interactions. Several studies have investigated the complex population history of Turkey through a limited set of genetic markers. However, to date, there have been no studies to assess the genetic variation at the whole genome level using whole genome sequencing. Here, we present whole genome sequences of 16 Turkish individuals resequenced at high coverage (32 × -48×). Results We show that the genetic variation of the contemporary Turkish population clusters with South European populations, as expected, but also shows signatures of relatively recent contribution from ancestral East Asian populations. In addition, we document a significant enrichment of non-synonymous private alleles, consistent with recent observations in European populations. A number of variants associated with skin color and total cholesterol levels show frequency differentiation between the Turkish populations and European populations. Furthermore, we have analyzed the 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism region (MAPT locus) and found increased allele frequency of 31.25% for H1/H2 inversion polymorphism when compared to European populations that show about 25% of allele frequency. Conclusion This study provides the first map of common genetic variation from 16 western Asian individuals and thus helps fill an important geographical gap in analyzing natural human variation and human migration. Our data will help develop population-specific experimental designs for studies investigating disease associations and demographic history in Turkey

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors kunskapsutveckling - en intervjustudie

Dagens sjuksköterskor arbetar i en tid då utvecklingen går otroligt fort fram och de förväntas hålla sig à jour med den senaste forskningen. Samtidigt är arbetsbelastningen hög då nedskärningar och ökat patienttryck präglar sjukvården, vilket resulterar i att kunskapsutvecklingen alltför ofta hamnar i skymundan. Hur hanterar nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor denna situation efter att ha genomgått en utbildning som till stor del fokuserar och baseras på forskning? Vilka möjligheter och förutsättningar har sjuksköterskan att öka sin kunskap på arbetsplatsen? Vilka tillvägagångssätt används och finns det möjlighet att implementera de nyförvärvade kunskaperna i verksamheten? Syftet med studien var att belysa om och hur det skapas förutsättningar för kunskapsutveckling för nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor och vilka möjligheter som ges samt hur sjuksköterskorna ökar sin kunskap kring omvårdnad. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex sjuksköterskor på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor ökar sin kunskap i samtal med kollegor, genom föreläsningar, utbildningar och i användandet av Internet och litteratur. De främsta hindren för kunskapsutveckling var resursbrist och svårigheter i att implementera kunskapen på avdelningen. Överlag är attityden mot kunskapsutveckling god, även om sjuksköterskor inte aktivt uppmuntrar varandra. För att öka sjuksköterskors kunskapsutveckling krävs förbättrade möjligheter och ökat stöd till att söka och implementera kunskap på arbetsplatsen.Nurses today work in a time when development increases rapidly and they are expected to keep up to date with the latest research. Meanwhile, the workload is heavy while cut downs and increased patient pressure pervades health care, resulting in knowledge development being set aside. How do recently graduated registered nurses cope with this situation after having gone through an education that is based on and focuses on research? What possibilities and conditions does the nurse have to increase her knowledge at her workplace? What approaches does she use, and are there possibilities to implement new knowledge at the workplace? The aim of this study was to enlighten if and how conditions for increasing ones knowledge are created for recently graduated registered nurses, what possibilities are given and how nurses increase their knowledge related to nursing. Semi structured interviews were conducted with six registered nurses at a hospital in southern Sweden. The results showed that nurses increase their knowledge during conversations with colleagues, lectures, courses and the use of Internet and literature. The main obstacles for knowledge development were lack of resources and difficulties in implementing the knowledge at the ward. Improved possibilities and increased support is needed in order to increase and implement nurses’ knowledge

Kvinnors upplevelser av barnmorskans preventivmedelsrådgivning i samband med abort - en kvalitativ intervjustudie

I samband med abort ska preventivmedelsrådgivning erbjudas. God rådgivning är en förutsättning för preventivmedelsanvändningen ska kunna optimeras. Studiens syfte var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av barnmorskans preventivmedelsrådgivning i samband med abort. En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats genomfördes och analyserades med innehållsanalys vilket resulterade i fyra kategorier: Att vara i fokus, Att behöva bli sedd, Att känna förtroende samt Att få möjlighet att ta till sig information. Resultatet tyder på att upplevelsen beror på flera olika faktorer såsom barnmorskans bemötande och förmåga att identifiera kvinnans individuella behov och anpassa rådgivningen därefter. Preventivmedelsrådgivningen upplevs som bra när kvinnorna ges förutsättning att fatta välinformerade beslut medan upplevd tidsbrist kan vara ett hinder för att få och ta till sig information. Upplevelsen av preventivmedelsrådgivningen kan förbättras om barnmorskan har ansvar för hela besöket på mottagningen

On the Numerical Solution of Fractional Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations

WOS: 000270785100001The stable difference scheme for the numerical solution of the mixed problem for the multidimensional fractional hyperbolic equation is presented. Stability estimates for the solution of this difference scheme and for the first and second orders difference derivatives are obtained. A procedure of modified Gauss elimination method is used for solving this difference scheme in the case of one-dimensional fractional hyperbolic partial differential equations. Copyright (C) 2009 Allaberen Ashyralyev et al

Cost analysis and characteristics of the patients admitted to emergency service with poisoning

Objective: To investigate the cost analysis and hospitalization rates and modes of poisoning of patients who applied to Bakent University Ankara Hospital Adult Emergency Service. Methods: Poisoning Patients who applied to emergency service due to suicide attempt between 01.01.2011-31.12.2014 were included in the study. Patients' age, gender, date of admission, definite diagnosis, the rate of hospitalization, and hospital costs were examined. A total of 646 patients were included in the study. 208 (32.2%) of the patients were male. The median age of the patients was 29 years. Results: The most causes of poisoning was drug intake. The median cost of the patients was 75.14 TL (IQR: 66.5). Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between age and cost (P<0.05). The majority of the patients apply to emergency dapartment with drug poisoning and female